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EXAMPLE 4-002
ASOLID THICK-WALLED CYLINDER
PROBLEM DESCRIPTION
In this example, a thick-walled cylinder under plane strain conditions is subjected
to a 1 ksi internal pressure, as suggested in MacNeal and Harder 1985. A 10degree segment of the cylinder, 1 inch thick, with a 3-inch inner radius and a 9inch outer radius, is modeled using a 5x1x1 mesh. The radial displacement and
the radial, tangential and longitudinal stress components at the inside face of the
cylinder are compared with hand-calculated values. Note that radial displacement
values are also published in MacNeal and Harder 1985.
Six different models using four different Poissons ratios and two different
meshes are considered in this example. The following table lists the models used.
Model
Poissons Ratio
Mesh
0.3
5x1x1
0.49
5x1x1
0.499
5x1x1
0.4999
5x1x1
0.49
20 x 1 x 1
0.49
160 x 1 x 1
The incompatible bending modes option is used in all models.
The Ux and Uy degrees of freedom are active for the analysis. All other degrees
of freedom are inactive.
EXAMPLE 4-002 - 1
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GEOMETRY, PROPERTIES AND LOADING
Radius
9 .0 0
6.75
5 .2 0
Sym
10
4 .2 0
Section Properties
Inner radius = 3 in
Outer radius = 9 in
Thickness = 1 in
Free
3 .0 0
3 .5 0
Material Properties
E = 1,000 k/in2
= 0.49, 0.499, 0.4999
Sym
TECHNICAL FEATURES OF SAP2000 TESTED
Analysis using asolid elements
Asolid surface pressure load
RESULTS COMPARISON
Formulas for the independent results are derived from Article 44, entitled
Thermal Stresses in a Long, Hollow Cylinder in Timoshenko 1956. The
independent results for the radial displacement for Poissons ratios of 0.49, 0.499
and 0.4999 are also presented in MacNeal and Harder 1985. The hand-calculated
radial displacements based on formulas derived from Timoshenko 1956 are the
same as those given in MacNeal and Harder 1985.
EXAMPLE 4-002 - 2
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With Incompatible Modes
Output
Parameter
Model, Poissons Ratio and
Mesh
SAP2000
Independent
Percent
Difference*
A, = 0.3, 5x1x1
0.004538
0.004582
-1%
B, = 0.49, 5x1x1
0.004971
0.005040
-1%
Radial displ
in
C, = 0.499, 5x1x1
0.004989
0.005060
-1%
At inner face
D, = 0.4999, 5x1x1
0.004991
0.005062
-1%
E, = 0.49, 20x1x1
0.005035
0.005040
0%
F, = 0.49, 160x1x1
0.005040
0.005040
0%
A, = 0.3, 5x1x1
-0.834
-1.000
-17% (-13%)
B, = 0.49, 5x1x1
-0.833
-1.000
-17% (-13%)
Radial stress
ksi
C, = 0.499, 5x1x1
-0.833
-1.000
-17% (-13%)
At inner face
D, = 0.4999, 5x1x1
-0.833
-1.000
-17% (-13%)
E, = 0.49, 20x1x1
-0.954
-1.000
-5% (-4%)
F, = 0.49, 160x1x1
-0.994
-1.000
-1% (-0%)
A, = 0.3, 5x1x1
1.293
1.250
3%
B, = 0.49, 5x1x1
1.364
1.250
9%
C, = 0.499, 5x1x1
1.369
1.250
10%
D, = 0.4999, 5x1x1
1.369
1.250
10%
E, = 0.49, 20x1x1
1.291
1.250
3%
F, = 0.49, 160x1x1
1.256
1.250
0%
A, = 0.3, 5x1x1
0.138
0.075
84% (5%)
B, = 0.49, 5x1x1
0.260
0.123
111% (11%)
C, = 0.499, 5x1x1
0.267
0.125
114% (11%)
D, = 0.4999, 5x1x1
0.268
0.125
114% (11%)
E, = 0.49, 20x1x1
0.165
0.123
34% (3%)
F, = 0.49, 160x1x1
0.128
0.123
4% (0%)
Tangential
stress
ksi
At inner face
Longitudinal
stress
ksi
At inner face
* Percent differences in parenthesis are relative to the maximum theoretical tangential stress, 1.250 ksi
EXAMPLE 4-002 - 3
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COMPUTER FILES: Example 4-002a, Example 4-002b, Example 4-002c
Example 4-002d, Example 4-002e, Example 4-002f
CONCLUSIONS
The SAP2000 results show an acceptable comparison with the independent
results when an adequate mesh is used. As the mesh is refined, the SAP2000
results converge to the theoretical results.
EXAMPLE 4-002 - 4
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HAND CALCULATION
EXAMPLE 4-002 - 5
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EXAMPLE 4-002 - 6
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EXAMPLE 4-002 - 7
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EXAMPLE 4-002 - 8
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EXAMPLE 4-002 - 9
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EXAMPLE 4-002 - 10
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EXAMPLE 4-002 - 11