A volcano is a vent or chimney which transfers molten rock known as magma from
depth to the Earth's surface. Magma erupting from a volcano is called lava and is the
material which builds up the cone surrounding the vent.
A volcano is active if it is erupting lava, releasing gas or generates seismic activity. A
volcano is dormant if it has not erupted for a long time but could erupt again in the
future. Once a volcano has been dormant for more than 10 000 years, it is termed
extinct.
A volcano is a vent that directly connects magma to the surface of the Earth.
There are three types of volcano.. The composite cone volcanoes,Shield
volcanoes and cindercone volcanoes..
with
volcano, it
can cover
Shield volcanoes are broad, domed-shaped volcanoes
long, gently sloped sides. If you were to fly over top of a shield
would resemble a warrior's shield, hence the name. These volcanoes
large areas but never grow very tall.
Cinder cone volcanoes are steep, cone-shaped volcanoes
built from lava fragments called 'cinders.'
Composite cone volcanoes, which are also called
'stratovolcanoes' or simply 'composite volcanoes,' are coneshaped volcanoes composed of layers of lava, ash and rock
debris.
Do you know that there are two types of volcanic eruptions. The Explosive
eruption and the Effusive eruption
What is an Explosive eruption?
An explosive eruption is a volcanic term to describe a violent, explosive
type oferuption. Mount St. Helens in 1980 was an example. Such eruptions
result when sufficient gas has dissolved under pressure within a
viscous magma such that expelled lava violently froths into volcanic
ash when pressure is suddenly lowered at the vent. Sometimes a lava
plug will block the conduit to the summit, and when this occurs, eruptions are
more violent. Explosive eruptions can send rocks, dust, gas
and pyroclastic material up to 20 km into the atmosphere at rate of up to
100,000 tonnes per second ] traveling at several hundred meters per second.
What is an Effusive eruption?
An effusive
eruption is
a volcanic
eruption characterized by the outpouring of lavaonto the
ground (as opposed to the violent fragmentation
of magma by explosive eruptions). Lava flows generated
by effusive eruptions vary in shape, thickness, length,
and width depending on the type of lava erupted,
discharge, slope of the ground over which the lava
travels, and duration of eruption.[1]
The Most Active Volcano in the Philippines
Phivolcs told GMA News it had observed a moderate emission of
white steam plumes drifting from the volcano. It also noted
a faint crater glow from the centre of the dome, measuring the new
lava flow to be between 300m and 400m long.
The institute said this indicates Mayon is in a "state of unrest" due to
the movement of "potentially eruptible magma".
In the last 24 hours, Phivolcs has recorded 45 volcanic earthquakes
and 270 rockfall events.
Rolling rockfall within the uppermost reaches of the Bonga Gully indicates that the summit lava dome is breaching the
crater in its southeastern side.
"It's already erupting, but not explosive," said Renato Solidum, Phivolcs executive director. "Currently, the activity is just
lava coming down. If there is an explosion, all sides of the volcano are threatened."
Mount Mayon, a popular tourist site known for its near-perfect cone, is considered as the most active volcano in the Philippines. It
has erupted 50 times in the last 500 years, sometimes violently.
What is the largest volcano in the solar system?
OLYMPUS MONS
(largest volcano in the solar system!)
The largest of the volcanoes in the Tharsis Montesregion, as well as all known volcanoes in the solar
system, is Olympus Mons. Olympus Mons is a shield volcano 624 km (374 mi) in diameter (approximately
the same size as the state of Arizona), 25 km (16 mi) high, and is rimmed by a 6 km (4 mi) high scarp. A
caldera 80 km (50 mi) wide is located at the summit of Olympus Mons. To compare, the largest volcano on
Earth is Mauna Loa. Mauna Loa is a shield volcano 10 km (6.3 mi) high and 120 km (75 mi) across. The
volume of Olympus Mons is about 100 times larger than that of Mauna Loa. In fact, the entire chain of
Hawaiian islands (from Kauai to Hawaii) would fit inside Olympus Mons!
Why is Olympus Mons so big?
The main difference between the volcanoes on Mars and Earth is their size; volcanoes in the Tharsis region
of Mars are 10 to 100 times larger than those anywhere on Earth. The lava flows on the Martian surface are
observed to be much longer, probably a result of higher eruption rates and lower surface gravity.
Another reason why the volcanoes on Mars are so massive is because the crust on Mars doesn't move the
way it does on Earth. On Earth, the hot spots remain stationary but crustal plates are moving above them.
What is
Climate?
Climate is a measure of the average pattern
of variation
in temperature, humidity, atmospheric
pressure,wind, precipitation, atmospheric
particle count and
other meteorological variables in a given
region over long periods of time. Climate is
different from weather, in that weather only
describes the short-term conditions of these
variables in a given region.
A region's climate is generated by
the climate system, which has five
components: atmosphere,hydrosphere, cryos
phere, lithosphere, and biosphere.[1]
The climate of a location is affected by its latitude, terrain, and altitude, as well as nearby water
bodies and their currents. Climates can be classified according to the average and the typical ranges of
different variables, most commonly temperature and precipitation. The most commonly used classification
scheme was originally developed by Wladimir Kppen. The Thornthwaite system,[2] in use since 1948,
incorporatesevapotranspiration along with temperature and precipitation information and is used in
studying animal species diversity and potential effects of climate changes. The Bergeron and Spatial
Synoptic Classification systems focus on the origin of air masses that define the climate of a region.
What is a scientist who studies climate called?
Climatology (from Greek , klima, "place, zone"; and -, -logia) is
the study of climate, scientifically defined as weather conditions averaged over a period of
time.[1] This modern field of study is regarded as a branch of the atmospheric sciences and
a subfield of physical geography, which is one of the Earth sciences. Climatology now
includes aspects of oceanography andbiogeochemistry. Basic knowledge of climate can be
used within shorter term weather forecasting using analog techniques such as the El Nio
Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO), the North Atlantic
Oscillation (NAO), the Northern Annualar Mode (NAM) which is also known as the Arctic
oscillation (AO), the Northern Pacific (NP) Index, the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), and
the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO). Climate models are used for a variety of purposes
from study of the dynamics of the weather and climate system to projections of future
climate.