2015
HERIOTWATTUNIVERSITY
INSTITUTEOFPETROLEUMENGINEERING
ECLIPSETUTORIAL1
(3D2Phase)
A
Prepareaninputdatafileforsimulatingtheperformanceofatwophase(water/oil)reservoir.
The model will have a regular shape, with two wells at opposite corners to simulate
productioninaquarterfivespotpattern.
GRIDDINGANDROCKDATA(GRID)
The3Dsectionofreservoirbeingmodelledhasdimensions2500'x2500'x150',anditis
[Link]
[Link],usingfieldunitsthroughout:
Depthofreservoirtop:
Porosity:
8000ft
0.20
Permeabilityinxdirection:
Permeabilityinydirection:
Permeabilityinzdirection:
Layer1
200mD
150mD
20mD
Layer2
1000mD
800mD
100mD
Layer3
200mD
150mD
20mD
500
50
500
50
500
50
500
1
500
2
5
500
500
500
500
500
Figure1:Schematicofmodel.
FLUIDPVTANDFLUIDROCKINTERACTIONPROPERTIES(PROPS)
WaterandOilRelativePermeabilityandCapillaryPressureFunctions
krw
kro
Pcow
(psi)
table1for1000mD
0.15*
0.45
0.68
0.8
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.55
0.9
0.3
0.1
0.0
4.0
0.8
0.2
0.1
table2for200mD
0.25*
0.5
0.7
0.8
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.55
0.9
9.0
0.3
1.8
0.1
0.45
0.0
0.22
*Initialsaturationthroughoutlayer.
WaterSaturation
WaterPVTDataatReservoirPressureandTemperature
Pressure
(psia)
4500
Bw
(rb/stb)
1.02
w
(cp)
0.8
cw
(psi1)
3.0E06
OilPVTData,BubblePointPressure(Pb)=300psia
Pressure
(psia)
300
800
6000
Bo
(rb/stb)
1.25
1.20
1.15
Viscosity
(cp)
1.0
1.1
2.0
Rockcompressibilityat4500psia: 4E06psi1
Oildensityatsurfaceconditions:
49lbs/cf
Waterdensityatsurfaceconditions: 63lbs/cf
INITIALCONDITIONS(SOLUTION)
Initialpressureat8075':
4500psia
Theoilwatercontactisbelowthereservoir(8,500ft),withzerocapillarypressureatthe
contact.
WELLSANDPRODUCTIONSCHEDULE(SCHEDULE)
Drilltwowells:
producerPROD,belongingtogroupG1,inBlockNo.(1,1)
injectorINJ,belongingtogroupG2,inBlockNo.(5,5)
Theinsidediameterofthewellsis8".
Perforateboththeproducerandtheinjectorinallthreelayers.
Thedatumdepthforpressuremeasurementsduringproductionis8,[Link]
gaugeislocatedjustabovethetopofthecompletion.
Produceatthegrossrateof10,000stbliquid/daywithaminimumbottomholepressurelimit
of2,000psia
Inject11,000stbwater/daywithamaximumbottomholepressurelimitof6,000psia.
Startthesimulationon1stJanuary2009,anduse10timestepsof200dayseach.
OUTPUT(SUMMARY,GRID&SCHEDULE)
Asktheprogramtooutputthefollowingdata:
Initialpermeability,porosityanddepthdata(keywordINITinGRIDsection)
InitialgridblockpressuresandwatersaturationsintoaRESTARTfile(keywordRPTRST
inSOLUTIONsectionsetBASIC=2togivebasicdynamicoutputatt=0)
FieldAveragePressure
(FPR)
BottomHolePressureforbothwells (WBHP)
FieldOilProductionRate
(FOPR)
FieldWaterProductionRate
(FWPR)
TotalFieldOilProduction
(FOPT)
TotalFieldWaterProduction
(FWPT)
WellWaterCutforPROD
(WWCT)
CPUusage
(TCPU)
toaseparateExcelreadablefile(usingkeywordEXCEL)intheSUMMARYsection.
GridblockpressuresandwatersaturationsintoRESTARTfilesateachreportstepofthe
simulation(keywordRPTRSTinSCHEDULEsectionagainsetBASIC=2togivebasic
dynamicoutputateachTSTEP)
PROCEDURE
1 Edit file [Link] in folder \eclipse\tut1 by opening it in Notepad, fill in the
necessary data, and save the file. (Make sure the file ending is .DATA and not .txt)
2
ActivatetheECLIPSELauncherfromtheDesktoportheStartmenu.
RunECLIPSEandusetheTUT1Adataset.
4 Whenthesimulationhasfinished,useECLIPSEOffice>ResultsandmenuFile>Open
>SUMMARY>AllVectors,oruseMSExceltoopentheoutputfile [Link],
whichwillbeinthe\eclipse\tut1folder.
5 PlottheBHPofbothwells(WBHP)[Link](FPR)vs.
timeonFigure1.
6 Plotthewatercut(WWCT)ofthewellPRODandthefieldoilproductionrate(FOPR)
vs.timeonFigure2.
7 PlotonFigure3theBHPvaluesforthefirst10daysintherange3,500psiato5,500psia.
ExplaintheinitialshorttermriseinBHPintheinjectionwellanddropinBHPinthe
productionwell. Accountforthesubsequenttrendsofthesetwopressuresandofthe
fieldaveragepressure,relatingthesetothereservoirproductionandinjectionrates,water
cutandthePVTdataofthereservoirfluids.
B MakeacopyofthefileTUT1A.DATAcalledTUT1B.DATAinthesamefoldertut1.
BymodifyingthekeywordTSTEPchangethetimestepstothefollowing:
15*200
ModifytheWCONINJkeywordtooperatetheinjectionwellataconstantflowingbottom
holepressure(BHP)of5000psia,insteadofinjectingataconstant11,000stbwater/day
(RATE)i.e.deletereferenceto11000andreplacewith1*.
Addfieldvolumeproductionrate(FVPR)totheitemsalreadylistedintheSUMMARY
section.
[Link],andthenplotthetwofollowingpictures:
Figure4: [Link],showing
pressuresintherange3,700psiato5,100psia
Figure5: [Link]
AccountforthedifferencesbetweenthepressureprofilesinthisproblemandTutorial1A.
Toassistwiththeinterpretation,calculatetotalmobilityasafunctionofwatersaturationfor
the4saturationpointsgiven,using:
MTOT(Sw)=+
andshowhowthiswouldchangethedifferentialpressureacrossthereservoirasthewater
saturation throughout the reservoir increases. From Figure 5, explain the impact of the
WWCTprofile(fraction)ontheFVPR(rb/day).
[Link].
Thistime,insteadofinjectingataconstantflowingbottomholepressureof5000psi,letthe
simulatorcalculatetheinjectionratesuchthatthereservoirvoidagecreatedbyoilandwater
production is replaced by injected water. To do this, modify the control mode for the
injectionwell(keywordWCONINJ)fromBHPtoreservoirrate(RESV),andusethevoidage
replacementflag(FVDG)[Link]
injectionwellto8,000psiaagain.
[Link]
definitionforvoidagereplacement,
reservoirvolumeinjectionrate=item6+(item7*fieldvoidagerate)
Therefore,toinjectthesamevolumeofliquidashasbeenproduced,set
item6to0,and
item7to1.
[Link],andthenrunFlovizorPetrel,todisplaythegrid
celloilsaturations(thesedisplaysneedNOTbeprinted).
Discusstheprofileofthesaturationfrontineachlayer,andexplainhowitisaffectedby
gravityandthedistributionofflowspeedsbetweenthewells.
SENSITIVITIES
Forthesensitivitycalculationstryvariationsof+/10%fromthebasecase(TUT1A),and
useaspiderdiagramtoplottheresults.
(i)
Longtermbehaviour(02000days):Assessimpactofvaryingoilformationvolume
factor(Bo)andseparately,theinjectionrateonfieldaveragepressure(FPR)
Shorttermbehaviour(010days): Assessimpactofvaryingabsolutepermeability
andseparatelytheporosityonbottomholepressureresponse(WBHP)ineitherofthe
wells.
(ii)
Mobilityeffects: Whathappenstothepressuredifferentialbetweenthewellswhen
you use straight line rel perms (by deleting rows in SWOF keyword containing
saturation points 0.5 and 0.7? What if you then change the values of the relative
permeabilityendpoints(initiallyKrw=0.55andKro=0.9)?
(iii) Studyimpactofoildensityandtotalflowrateacrossfieldonflowdistributioninfield.
D
[Link].
Thedatafileshouldbeadaptedtoincludethefollowingfeatures:
Porositiesvaryingaccordingtolayer(POROintheGRIDsection)
NTGvaryingaccordingtolayer(NTGintheGRIDsection)
Water saturations that can go up to Sw=1 should there be an oilwater contact
introducedintothemodel
Toimplementthese,replacetheentireGRIDsectionwiththefollowing:
--================================================================
GRID
EQUALS
-- Keyword
DX
DY
DZ
TOPS
value
500
500
50
8000
X1 X2
1 5
Y1 Y2
1 5
Z1 Z2
1 3
/
/
/
whole model
same as above
same as above
grid layer 1
PERMX
PERMY
PERMZ
PORO
NTG
200
150
20
0.19
0.95
/
/
/
/
/
geological layer 1
PERMX
PERMY
PERMZ
PORO
NTG
1000
800
100
0.20
0.99
/
/
/
/
/
geological 2
PERMX
PERMY
PERMZ
PORO
NTG
200
150
20
0.19
0.95
/
/
/
/
/
geological 3
/
-- Output file with geometry and rock properties (.INIT)
INIT
andreplacetheoldSWOFtableswith
-- Water and oil rel perms & capillary pressures
-Sw
Krw
Kro
Pc
--------------SWOF
-- table 1 for 1000mD
0.15
0.0
0.9
4.0
0.45
0.2
0.3
0.8
0.68
0.4
0.1
0.2
0.8
0.55
0.0
0.1
1.0
1.0
0.0
0.0 /
-- table 2 for 200mD
0.25
0.0
0.9
9.0
0.5
0.2
0.3
1.8
0.7
0.4
0.1
0.45
0.8
0.55
0.0
0.22
1.0
1.0
0.0
0.0 /
Run the model in ECLIPSE, visualise the grid in Floviz or Petrel, and plot the same
[Link]
[Link]
requiredforpartD,butitwillbeusedasastartingpointforTutorial2.
EricMackay
19thJanuary2015
