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Work, Energy, and Power Explained

Work is defined as the product of the force applied and the distance moved in the direction of the force. Positive work occurs when force and movement are in the same direction, negative work when they are opposite, and zero work when the force is perpendicular to movement. Potential energy is the stored energy of an object due to its position or state, such as gravitational potential energy equal to mass times height times gravity. Kinetic energy is the energy of motion. Power is the rate at which work is done, defined as work divided by time. The main forms of energy are mechanical, chemical, nuclear, electromagnetic, and heat. Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only changed from one form to another.

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Arben Anthony Saavedra Quitos
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11 views2 pages

Work, Energy, and Power Explained

Work is defined as the product of the force applied and the distance moved in the direction of the force. Positive work occurs when force and movement are in the same direction, negative work when they are opposite, and zero work when the force is perpendicular to movement. Potential energy is the stored energy of an object due to its position or state, such as gravitational potential energy equal to mass times height times gravity. Kinetic energy is the energy of motion. Power is the rate at which work is done, defined as work divided by time. The main forms of energy are mechanical, chemical, nuclear, electromagnetic, and heat. Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only changed from one form to another.

Uploaded by

Arben Anthony Saavedra Quitos
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

9.

Work, Energy, and Power


Work - the product of the magnitude of the force (F) and the parallel distance
(d) through which the object moves.

work = force x parallel distance

W = Fd

Mechanically, work involves both force and motion.


Positive, Negative and Zero Work
Scenario A: A force acts rightward upon an object as it is displaced rightward. In such
an instance, the force vector and the displacement vector are in the same direction.
Thus, the angle between F and d is 0 degrees.

Scenario B: A force acts leftward upon an object that is displaced rightward. In such an
instance, the force vector and the displacement vector are in the opposite direction.
Thus, the angle between F and d is 180 degrees.

Scenario C: A force acts upward on an object as it is displaced rightward. In such an


instance, the force vector and the displacement vector are at right angles to each other.
Thus, the angle between F and d is 90 degrees.

In the case of gravity, we must apply force to overcome the force of


gravity (weight = w = mg).

The Gravitational Potential Energy is equal to the work done and this is
equal to the weight times the height.

W = Ep = mgh
Example: How much work is done lifting a 1.0 kg book to the height of 1m?
Work = W = (1.0 kg) (9.8 m/s2) (1m) = 9.8 J

This is also the amount of Ep that the book has at a height of 1m


Kinetic energy is the energy of motion. An object that has motion - whether it
is vertical or horizontal motion - has kinetic energy. There are many forms of
kinetic energy - vibrational, rotational, and translational

Power is the rate at which work is done. It is the work/time ratio.

A Review of SI Units
Work - Units

SI System

W = Fd newton x meter = N-m = joule (J)

British System

W = Fd pound x foot = foot-pound (ft-lb)


Energy

The ability to do work. An object or system that possesses energy has the ability to do work

When work is done by a system, the amount of energy of the system


decreases

When work is done on a system, the system gains energy

Work is the process by which energy is transferred from one object to


another

Work and Energy have the same units joules


Potential Energy is the stored energy of position possessed by an object.
Gravitational Potential Energy

When work is done, we generally feel the other part of Newtons thirdlaw, force acting against us.

Gravity and friction are common agents working against work.

Energy

No matter what type of energy that we speak of chemical, electrical, mechanical the main
unifying concept is the conservation of energy

We cannot create or destroy energy, but we can change it from one


form to another
Forms of Energy

Heat energy is the energy produced by the motion of molecules in a substance.

Nuclear energy is the energy within the center of the atom.

Electromagnetic energy found in electric charges have the ability to do


work.

Chemical energy is the energy stored in bonds of atoms that are joined
together.

Mechanical energy is the energy associated with motion.

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