Systematic Design Process
Chiradeep Sen
PhD Student
136 Fluor Daniel EIB
csen@[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
Advisors:
Dr. Joshua D. Summers
Dr. Gregory M. Mocko
Dr. Georges M. Fadel
What is Design
Design is:
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the systematic and creative application of scientific and mathematical principles to practical
ends such as the design, manufacture, and operation of efficient and economical structures,
machines, processes, and systems
([Link]/frameworks/scitech/2001/resources/[Link] )
is the creative, iterative and often open-ended process of conceiving and developing
components, systems and processes. Design requires the integration of engineering, basic and
mathematical sciences. A designer works under constraints, taking into account economic,
health and safety, social and environmental factors, codes of practice and applicable laws.
[Link]/~ecsa/gen/[Link]
Design is an activity:
Affects all areas of life
Uses laws and insights
Builds on experience
Is a prereq for the realization of ideas into reality
Is a SOCIAL activity
csen@[Link]
Engineering Design
To design is to imagine things that dont exist and bring them into the world
These things are tangible
Design is regarded as an art rather than science
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Science: proceeds by laws (sometimes mathematical)
Art: proceeds by rules of thumb, intuition, feeling; but adheres to constraints and
laws of nature
Engineering design is a systematic intelligent generation and evaluation of
specifications for artifacts whose form and function achieve stated objectives
and satisfy specified constraints (Dym and Little)
csen@[Link]
Engineering Design
Bigger part of the product realization process
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Includes sales, marketing, industrial design, manufacturing, etc
Must work together with other disciplines
Engineering design is the set of decision-making processes and activities used
to determine the form of an object given the functions desired by the customer
(Eggert)
csen@[Link]
Engineering Analysis
Predict the behavior or function of an object using analytical equations or
experimental methods
Formulating
Solving
Determine unknowns of the equations
Solve and label with units
Checking
Understand and plan solution
Gathering information
Rough plan on how to solve
Does it make sense
Essential, but not only component to design
csen@[Link]
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Problems with Understanding Design
Some common and dangerous thoughts
Design Cannot be taught
In order to design you must build stuff!
Design is easy to demonstrate and not easy to articulate
Mathematics provides a formal language to articulate behavior
Such mathematical models do not exist to describe design
csen@[Link]
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What we know about design
Open ended problems
Ill structured
There are several acceptable solutions
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Design solutions cannot be simply found by using mathematical formulae and
algorithms
csen@[Link]
Motivation to Understand Design
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Decisions made during a products design phase generally establish the majority
of manufacturing costs
The National Research Council has determined that nearly 70% of a products
cost is determined in the first 5% of the design process
csen@[Link]
Systematic Design: Some Requirements
Requirements for a systematic design methodology:
be applicable to every type of design activity
foster inventiveness and understanding
be compatible with other disciplines
not rely on chance
facilitate the application of known solutions
be compatible with electronic data processing
be easily taught and learned
reflect the findings of psychology and ergonomics
emphasize the objective evaluation of results
P&B: 10-11.
csen@[Link]
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My View of Design
A controlled broadening and narrowing of scope to generate information about
the product
gmocko@[Link]
csen@[Link]
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ASME Design Theory and Methodology
Topics of interest include, but are not limited to:
Advances in Design Theory, Representations, Methods, and Formalisms
Creativity and Innovation in Design
Design Behavior Study and Cognitive Modeling
Validating and Verifying Design Theories and Methods
Making Better Decisions in Engineering Design
Risk Based Design
Designing in Collaborative and Distributed Environments
Product Architecture Design Methods
Theory and Methods for Sustainable Product Development
Widely Applicable Techniques for Improving Design Practice in Industry
Advanced Design Education and Design Curricula
Artificial Intelligence in Engineering Design
The impact of design theory and methodology research in the last 20 years
csen@[Link]
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The P&B Systematic Approach
Product Planning
& Clarification of
Task
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Customer
Phase 0 - Start
Task
Clarify the task
Elaborate the specification
Specification
Conceptual
Design
Concept
Embodiment
Design
Preliminary Layout
Definitive Layout
Upgrade and Improve
Specification
Identify essential problems
Establish function structures
Search for solution principles
Combine and firm up into concept variants
Evaluate against technical and economic criteria
Concept
Develop preliminary layouts and form designs
Select best preliminary layouts
Refine and evaluate against techincal and economic
criteria
Preliminary Layout
Optimize and complete form designs
Check for errors and cost effectiveness
Prepare the preliminary parts list and production
documents
Definitive Layout
Finalize details
Complete detail drawings and production documents
Check all documents
Documentation
Detail Design
Solution
Documentation
csen@[Link]
Solution
Figure 3.3.
P&B: 66.
Phase 1 Product Planning
PP/CT
CD
ED
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DD
Developing and formulating a promising
product idea
Task
Product Planning
Analyze market / company
Find and select product ideas
Formulate a product proposal
Clarifying the Task
Clarify the task
Elaborate a requirements list
Specification
csen@[Link]
Phase 1
Product Proposal
Overview of Product Planning
PP/CT
CD
ED
DD
Successful product planning takes into account market, company, and economy
Market
Other sources
technical and economic position of product
changes in market requirements
suggestions and complaints of customers
technical and economic superiority of other products
economic and political changes oil prices regulations limitations culture
new technologies
environmental and recycling issues
Within the company
company R&D
product evolution new functions to satisfy new market needs
process evolution new ways of doing / making things
rationalization of product line
csen@[Link]
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Activities in Product Planning
PP/CT
Take into account the goals, strengths and weaknesses of the company, market niches and
needs Search fields
Search for new functions, working principles or geometries based on existing or extended
energy, material signal flows Products Ideas
Select product ideas
Analyze the situation of the company and products using knowledge of market and other
sources Situation Analysis
Find product ideas
DD
Formulate search strategies
ED
Analyze the situation
CD
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Using selection procedure that takes into account goals, strengths, and market A Product
Idea
Define products
Elaborate and evaluate product ideas. Results in a Product Proposal
Technology push vs. customer pull:
Do you think that customers wanted to watch videos on
their IPODS?
csen@[Link]
Case Study
PP/CT
CD
ED
Kittyhawk drive
HP introduced in 1992
1.3" Kittyhawk microdrive
20 and 40 megabytes of storage
Tiny motion sensor that would
park the heads if it detected the
device being dropped.
How not to bring a technology to
market
csen@[Link]
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DD
Phase 1 - Clarification of Task
PP/CT
Product Proposal
Clarify the task
Elaborate a requirements list
CD
ED
DD
Define the goals
Clarify boundary conditions
Dispel prejudice
Make decisions
Specification
Fixed solution ideas or concrete indications implicit in the task
formulation often have an adverse effect on the final outcome. PB:
p130.
What objectives must the intended solution satisfy?
What properties must it have?
What properties must it not have?
P&B: Chapter 5.
csen@[Link]
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Clarifying the Task
PP/CT
CD
ED
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DD
What is the essence or crux of the problem?
What implicit wishes and expectations are involved?
Do the specified constraints actually exist?
What paths are open for development?
What are the objectives?
What are essential properties?
Avoid:
fixed solution ideas / solution-specific considerations
fictional constraints and concrete implications
csen@[Link]
Requirements List
PP/CT
CD
ED
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DD
The requirements list is a document that contains:
Problem Statement
Project ID / Issue Date ...
the name of the group(s) / individual(s) responsible for specific requirements
Modifications / Date ...
an indication of requirements that must be satisfied versus those that are less critical
Group or Individual Responsible
the project identifier (e.g., project number and name) and the date the requirements list
was generated
Demands / Wishes ...
Summary of the the crux of the problem
the date and type of modification made to requirements
Requirements ...
particular characteristics of the intended solution, quantified (if possible) and clearly
arranged
csen@[Link]
Requirements List Document
PP/CT
ME
6170
ME870
Problem Statement
CD
ED
DD
Requirements List for Yoke Design
Issued on:
Problem Statement:
October 16, 1998
Redesign a yoke component to fit in the existing switch
assembly, attach to and hold the necessary
components, provide required structural support, and
dissipate a known amount of heat to ensure safe
operation. Further, as much as possible, the design
must facilitate standardization with respect to design
reusability and manufacturing process for the four
existing products addressed.
h
Interfaces
Changes
Demands / Wishes
D
W
D
D
D
W
D
D
Requirements
1. Devices on the yoke: (If necessary suggestions for changes possible)
clearance for machanical signals (switches: main,dimmer,cut-off; led's; contacts)
hold button and faceplate
allow for ground (according to UL 1472, 4.5 & 5.8 / UL 486B)
possibility to adjust dimmer in misaligned box
screw holes and possibilities to assemble parts of the dimmer
interface with back housing
2. Geometric constraints:
D interface with standard wall box (according to UL 1472, 4.4 / UL 514)
D installation directly next to other dimmers must be possible
3. Heat transfer:
D temperature must be less then 90 dgr. C at the contact areas with the fiberboard
wall according to UL 1472, 5.5 & table 10)
W determine best material properties (trade-off with temperature)
Modifications / Date
Fri, Oct-23
Fri, Oct-23
Fri, Oct-23
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4. Manufacturing
determine most cost effective design
easy to manufacture
use same manufacturing line
must be stamped
single piece
easy to assemble
maximum press force: P = 0.7(UTS)(t)(L) ; Pmax = 1.5 tons
UTS = ultimate tensile strength (Al or Cu)
t = thickness
L = perimeter (including interior holes
2
D maximum bending force: P = (1/W)*K(UTS)LT ; Pmax = 1.5 tons
K = 1.25; L,T,W see page 392,404 Manufacturing processes for ME
W determine best material properties (trade-off with stamping force)
Project ID /
Issue Date
Resp.
Marc,
Tord &
Christ.
for all
points
Group or
Individual
Responsible
W
W
D
D
W
W
D
5. Electrical safety
D yoke cannot extend past face plate (prevent contact with user)
6. Quality/Cost Goal
W consolidate as many yokes as possible
csen@[Link]
Requirements
Categories of Requirements
PP/CT
Geometry
direction and magnitude of force, frequency, weight,
load, deformation, stiffness, elasticity, stability,
resonance
physical and chemical properties of the initial and
final product, auxiliary materials, prescribed materials
(food regulations, etc.)
Ergonomics ...
service, inspection, repair, painting, cleaning
Recycling ...
reuse, reprocessing, waste disposal, storage
Costs ...
direct safety principles, protective systems, operator
and environmental safety
quietness, wear, destination/environment, special
uses, market
Maintenance ...
inputs and outputs, form, display, control equipment
lifting, clearance, transportation
Operation ...
special regulations, installation, siting, foundations
Transport ...
possibilities of testing and measuring, application of
special regulations and standards
Assembly
output, efficiency, loss, friction, ventilation, state,
pressure, temperature, heating, cooling, supply,
storage, capacity, conversion
factory limitations, maximum possible dimensions,
preferred production methods, means of production,
achievable quality and tolerances
Quality Control ...
Safety ...
Production ...
Signals
DD
type of motion, direction of motion, velocity,
acceleration
Material
size, height, breadth, length, diameter, space
requirement, number, arrangement, connection
Energy
Forces
ED
Kinematics
CD
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maximum permissible manufacturing costs,
investment, depreciation
Schedules ...
man-machine relationship, type of operation,
clearness of layout, lighting, aesthetics
csen@[Link]
end date of development, project planning and
control, delivery date
Outcome of Phase 1
Deliverables:
PP/CT
CD
Make a decision to proceed to Phase 2
Answer the following questions:
DD
Detailed Product Proposal
Requirements List
ED
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Has the task been clarified sufficiently to allow for development of a solution in the
form of a design?
Must further information be acquired?
csen@[Link]
Phase 2 - Conceptual Design
PP/CT
CD
ED
DD
Specification
Abstract to identify essential problems
Remove false functions
Eliminate functions that do not have
bearing on the product
Establish function structures
Search for working principles
Combine working principles into working
structures
Select suitable combinations
Firm up into principle solution variants
Evaluate against technical and economic
criteria
Start in the function domain
-What must the product do?
NOT
- What must the product look like
Concept
P&B: Chapter 6.
csen@[Link]
Define the goals
Clarify boundary conditions
Dispel prejudice
Search for variants
Evaluate
Make decisions
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Overview of Conceptual Design
PP/CT
CD
ED
DD
The main goals in conceptual design:
by the identification of the essential problems through abstraction,
by the establishment of function structures, and
by the search for appropriate working principles and their combination,
The basic solution path is laid down through the elaboration of a solution
principle
Concepts are developed from the solution principle
The difference between
What and how
Principle and principal
csen@[Link]
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Abstracting to Identify Essential Problems
PP/CT
What is Abstraction?
CD
ED
DD
Ignoring what is particular or incidental and emphasizing what is general
Identifying fictitious constraints and eliminating all but genuine restrictions
Why is Abstraction Necessary?
To establish the crux or essence of the design task
Essential constraints become clear without prejudicing the choice of a particular
solution.
To overcome prejudices, or conventions which, coupled with risk aversion, may
lead to solution fixation
csen@[Link]
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Abstracting Essential Requirements
PP/CT
CD
ED
DD
Abstracting the requirements list
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Eliminate personal preferences from the requirements list
Consider only requirements that affect function and essential constraints
Transform quantitative into qualitative data, reducing them to essential ideas
Broaden essential ideas systematically (generalize)
Formulate the design problem in solution-neutral terms
*** Identification of essential requirements ***
csen@[Link]
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Establishing Function Structures
PP/CT
CD
ED
DD
What is a function?
A function specifies the relationship between inputs and outputs.
P&B: Fig. 2.3
Why function structures?
Express relationships between inputs and outputs independently of the
solution. Facilitate the subsequent search for solutions.
Where do I start?
Use abstraction to identify the crux or essence of the problem. This
becomes the overall function.
csen@[Link]
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Hair Dryer Function Structure
PP/CT
CD
ED
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DD
???
Heat signal
Input signal
Flow signal
Interface energy
Provide
Interface
Human
Interface
energy
Human
Provide Airflow
Electrical
energy
Air @ v1, T1
Wasted flow
energy
csen@[Link]
Air @ v2, T1
Heat Air
Wasted heat
energy
Air @ v2, T2
Hair Dryer Function Structure (cont.)
PP/CT
Electrical
energy
CD
ED
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DD
Electrical
energy
Supply
Electricity
Heat
energy
Electrical
energy
Heat signal
Control
Temperature
Convert
electric to Heat
Air @ v2, T2
Air @ v2, T2
Transfer Heat
to Air
Convey Flow
Air @ v1, T1
Supply Air
Air @ v1, T 1
Support flow
generation
Air @ v1, T 1
Electrical
energy
Provide
Electricity
Convert
rotational to
flow
Electrical energy
Control flow
Electrical
energy
Convert
electricity to
rotational
Flow signal
Air @ v2, T1
Mechanical
Energy
Interface signal energy
Interface
energy
Provide
Controls
Human signal
Interface
holding
energy
Human
Wasted
heat
energy
Interface signal energy
Wasted
noise
energy
Provide handle
Unharmed
Human
Protect User
Wasted
heat energy
Interface holding energy +
Interface signal energy
Harmful {material, signal, energy}
csen@[Link]
Wasted
Air @ v, T2
Search for Solution Principles
PP/CT
CD
ED
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DD
Search for solution (working) principles to fulfill all leaf-functions.
Working principles represent a physical effect and preliminary embodiment (e.g.,
cartoon sketch).
Use ideation techniques, searches, and analysis of known or existing systems to
determine as many working (solution) principles as possible
Catalog the solution principles for all of the sub-functions
P&B: Fig. 6.13.
csen@[Link]
Working Structures
PP/CT
CD
ED
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DD
Combine solution (working) principles into working structures.
Use a morphological chart to help identify combinations (i.e., working
structures)
Each combination of working principles should fulfill the overall function (i.e.,
assure both physical and geometric compatibility and a smooth flow of
Energies, Materials, and Signals)
P&B: Figure 4.18.
csen@[Link]
Working Principles to Concept Variants
PP/CT
DD
Are the combinations of working principles likely to meet budgetary and other
requirements?
Firm up into concept variants
Qualitative to Quantitative Transition
ED
Selecting suitable combinations of working principles
CD
Simplified calculations
Geometrical sketches and studies
Experiments on essential properties, model building
Simulations
Market, literature or patent search
Evaluate concept variants against technical and economic criteria
csen@[Link]
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Outcome of Phase 2
PP/CT
CD
ED
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DD
Deliverables:
Abstract Requirements List
Function Structure
Morphological Matrix
Solution Selection and Evaluation
Make a decision to proceed to Phase 3
Answer the following questions:
Have sets of working principles (i.e. viable concepts) been identified to satisfy the
requirements of the design
Have I properly abstracted and searched broadly for working principles
Am I design fixated and have I put added constraints to the design space?
csen@[Link]
Phase 3 - Embodiment Design
PP/CT
CD
ED
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DD
Concept
Develop preliminary layouts
and form designs
Begins with a concept and ends with
a definitive layout:
Select best preliminary layouts
Refine and evaluate against
technical and economic criteria
Fleshing out a selected concept
Preliminary Layout
Eliminate weak spots
Working structure Concept
Technical details are added
Check for errors & cost effectiveness
Prepare preliminary parts list
and production documents
Definitive Layout
csen@[Link]
Start with embodiment-determining
requirements and their function
carriers or working principles
Proceed with requirements having
less impact on embodiment
Phase 3 - Overview of Embodiment Design
PP/CT
CD
ED
DD
Concept
General steps of embodiment design:
Preliminary layout and form design
Definitive layout and form design
Completion of checks & optimization (Only after
checks, can you move on to detail design!)
Characteristics of embodiment design:
Complexity!! Many simultaneous, interdependent
activities!
Analysis and synthesis alternate and complement
each other! Optimization and error ID + solution
search and evaluation. Some steps must be
repeated at a higher info level.
Proceed from qualitative to quantitative, from
abstract to concrete, from rough to detailed, with
provisions for checks and corrections (I.e.,
iterations!).
Develop preliminary layouts
and form designs
Select best preliminary layouts
Refine and evaluate against
technical and economic criteria
Preliminary Layout
Eliminate weak spots
Check for errors & cost effectiveness
Prepare preliminary parts list
and production documents
Definitive Layout
Details: P&B Fig. 7.1. 201.
csen@[Link]
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Steps of Embodiment Design
PP/CT
1.
DD
Concept
Steps 1 - 4
Develop preliminary layouts and form designs
Step 5: Select best preliminary layouts
Steps 6-10: Refine and evaluate against
technical and economic criteria
Top-down assembly modeling versus bottom-up modeling
Establish rough layout (based on concepts) which
emphasizes the embodiment-determining main function
carriers, that is, the assemblies and components fulfilling
the main functions.
4.
size determining requirements such as output, through-put, size
of connectors, etc.
arrangement determining requirements such as direction of
flow, motion, position, etc.
material determining requirements such as resistance to
corrosion, service life, specified materials, etc.
Produce scale drawings of the spatial constraints
determining or restricting the embodiment design (e.g.,
clearances, installation requirements, etc.)
3.
ED
Identify requirements that have a crucial bearing on the
embodiment of the design
2.
CD
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Which main functions and function carriers determine the size,
arrangement and component shapes of the overall layout?
What main functions must be fulfilled by which function
carriers jointly or separately?
Determine preliminary layouts and form designs for the
embodiment-determining main function carriers.
Preliminary Layout
Step 12: Eliminate weak spots
Step 13: Check for errors & cost effectiveness
Steps 14-15: Prepare preliminary parts
list and production documents
Definitive Layout
Details: P&B Fig. 7.1. 201.
csen@[Link]
Steps of Embodiment Design, contd.
PP/CT
5.
6.
7.
ED
Select one or more suitable preliminary
layouts.
Develop preliminary layouts and form
designs for remaining function carriers.
Determine which essential auxiliary
functions are needed.
8.
CD
Exploit known solutions if available (e.g.,
catalogues).
Search for special solutions.
Develop detailed layouts and form designs
for main function carriers in accordance with
embodiment design rules and guidelines.
Consider compatibility with auxiliary
functions
Divide into assemblies or areas to be
elaborated individually if necessary.
DD
Concept
Steps 1 - 4
Develop preliminary layouts and form designs
Step 5: Select best preliminary layouts
Steps 6-10: Refine and evaluate against
technical and economic criteria
Preliminary Layout
Step 12: Eliminate weak spots
Step 13: Check for errors & cost effectiveness
Steps 14-15: Prepare preliminary parts
list and production documents
Definitive Layout
Details: P&B Fig. 7.1. 201.
csen@[Link]
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Steps of Embodiment Design, contd.
PP/CT
CD
ED
DD
Concept
9.
Develop detailed layouts and form
designs for auxiliary function carriers
10.
Evaluate layouts against technical and
economic criteria
11.
12.
Use standard parts, if possible.
Combine all function carriers into overall
layouts
Make sure all designs are at the same level of
embodiment, BUT
dont go beyond the level of detail required by
evaluation. You may need only a preliminary
layout, or you may need more details to
choose among alternative layouts.
Fix preliminary overall layout
Optimize and complete form designs for
the selected layout.
Eliminate weak points.
Adopt suitable solutions from less favored
variants.
Steps 1 - 4
Develop preliminary layouts and form designs
Step 5: Select best preliminary layouts
Steps 6-10: Refine and evaluate against
technical and economic criteria
Preliminary Layout
Step 12: Eliminate weak spots
Step 13: Check for errors & cost effectiveness
Steps 14-15: Prepare preliminary parts
list and production documents
Definitive Layout
Details: P&B Fig. 7.1. 201.
csen@[Link]
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Steps of Embodiment Design, contd.
PP/CT
CD
ED
DD
Concept
13.
Check layout design for errors
14.
Prepare preliminary documentation.
15.
in function, spatial compatibility,
etc.
achievement of objectives with
respect to cost and quality
parts lists
production documents
assembly documents
Steps 1 - 4
Develop preliminary layouts and form designs
Step 5: Select best preliminary layouts
Steps 6-10: Refine and evaluate against
technical and economic criteria
Preliminary Layout
Step 12: Eliminate weak spots
Fix definitive layout design and
pass on to detail design phase
Step 13: Check for errors & cost effectiveness
Steps 14-15: Prepare preliminary parts
list and production documents
Definitive Layout
Details: P&B Fig. 7.1. 201.
csen@[Link]
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Considerations in Embodiment Design
PP/CT
fulfillment of the technical function and economic feasibility
Durability, deformation, stability, expansion, ergonomics, aesthetics, ease of
assembly
Value of a concept is not absolute
Establish objectives from:
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Designer determines the value of solutions wrt specific objective(s).
DD
General considerations for evaluating alternatives
ED
Basic rules of clarity, simplicity, and safety are derived from general objectives,
CD
requirements list
technical properties (e.g., Fig 7.3)
All embodiment designs must have same degree of correctness and information
content
Production costs must be determined to the extent possible
Evaluation should include a search for weak spots. Look for opportunities to
combine strong aspects of different alternatives.
csen@[Link]
Outcome of Phase 3
Deliverables:
The requirements related to the layout of the design
The general layout of the product solution neutral format
A systematic method to evaluate the more detailed design
Preliminary Diagram
DD
Solution Evaluation
ED
Preliminary Layouts
CD
General Layout Requirements
PP/CT
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The general layout of the final design with minimal knowledge about the details of the final product
A definitive layout for which production documents can be prepared with minimal detail
design.
Before proceeding to Phase 4, ask yourself:
Am I satisfied that this definitive layout satisfies all relevant and appropriate requirements
(function, layout, assembly, costs, maintenance, etc.)?
Am I ready to prepare final production documents for this design (tolerances, assembly
processes, materials, tooling, etc.) without delay?
csen@[Link]
Detail Design (Section 7.8)
PP/CT
ED
Begins with a definitive layout and ends
with product documentation
The use of Computer-aided design tools
Final design specifications
CD
Form
Dimensions
Surface quality
Properties
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DD
Definitive Layout
Steps 1-2: Finalize details
Step 3: Complete all documents
Step 4: Check all documents
Documentation
Final chance to identify and correct
mistakes
Solution
Details: P&B Fig. 7.163. 402.
csen@[Link]
Steps in Detail Design
PP/CT
1.
4.
Detailed drawings of components
Detailed optimization of shapes,
Materials, surfaces, tolerances and fits
Steps 1-2: Finalize details
include assembly drawings
Parts lists (BOM)
Complete production documents
Step 3: Complete all documents
Step 4: Check all documents
manufacturing
assembly
transport
operating instructions
Documentation
Check all documents, especially detail drawings
and parts lists for:
DD
Definitive Layout
Integrate individual components into assemblies
and assemblies into overall product
3.
ED
Finalize the definitive layout
2.
CD
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Solution
observation of general and in-house standards
accuracy of dimensions and tolerances
other essential production data
ease of acquisition, e.g., availability of standard parts
Details: P&B Fig. 7.163. 402.
csen@[Link]
Key Deliverables Pahl and Beitz
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Phase
Deliverable
Value
Planning and
Clarification of Task
Requirements list
Identifies customers want for the product
Conceptual Design
Abstract
requirements list
Identifies the function specific requirements to form solutionneutral problem statements
Function structure
Identifies the functions and organized the flow of energy, matter
and signal
Morphological
matrix
Catalogs the working principles and organizes them to meet the
functions
Solution evaluation
Systematic method to evaluate concepts in order to proceed with
the design
General layout
requirements
The requirements that only deal with the layout of the design are
identified
Preliminary layouts
Form the general layout of the produce in still a solution neutral
format
Solution evaluation
Again, systematic method to evaluate, in more detail, design as they
proceed
Preliminary Diagram
Help to envision the layout of the design in with minimal
knowledge about the details of the product.
Final Layout, forms,
dimensions
Enables the part to be made, operated, assembled, etc.
Embodiment Design
Detail Design
csen@[Link]