1.
Progressivism- the term applied to a variety of responses to the
economic and social problems rapid industrialization introduced to
America. Progressivism began as a social movement and grew into a
political movement.
2. Muckraker- refers to reform-minded journalists who wrote largely for
all popular magazines and continued a tradition of investigative
journalism reporting; muckrakers often worked to expose social ills
and corporate and political corruption.
3. Lincoln Steffens- New York reporter who launched a series of articles
in McClure's titled "The Shame of the Cities" in 1902; unmasked the
corrupt alliance between big business and municipal government
4. Jacob Riis- A Muckraker, this man is famous for using photography to
document the incredibly poor conditions of many impoverished
communities in the early 20th century. Wrote "How the Other Half
Lives".
5. Social Gospel- Movement led by Washington Gladden - taught
religion and human dignity would help the poor over come problems
of industrialization. Didn't focus on religion, but on the fact that
improved living conditions begot improved morality
6. Settlement House- a house where immigrants came to live upon
entering the U.S. At Settlement Houses, instruction was given in
English and how to get a job, among other things. The first Settlement
House was the Hull House, which was opened by Jane Addams in
Chicago in 1889. These centers were usually run by educated middle
class women. The houses became centers for reform in the women's
and labor movements.
7. Jane Addams- middle class woman. The Hull House is a settlement
house that she installed in a ghetto of Chicago. The house inspired
many other like settlements across the country, while Addams spent
her lifetime battling for garbage removal, playgrounds, better street
lighting, and police protection.
8. Direct Primary- a primary where voters directly select the candidates
who will run for office. A measure fought for by progressives
9. Initiative- people have the right to propose a new law.
[Link]- a law passed by the legislature can be reference to the
people for approval/veto.
[Link]- the people can petition and vote to have an elected official
removed from office
[Link] Kelley- A former Hull House resident who became illinois
first Chief factory inspector. In 1899 she took control of the National
Consumers League.
[Link]- Formed in the 1890s under the leadership of Florence Kelley,
attempted to mobilize the power of women as consumers to force
retailers and manufacturers to improve wages and working conditions
for women workers
[Link] Movement- The practice of moderation (chiefly
describing sobriety). It was one of the five "cardinal" virtues held to
be vital to society in Hellenic culture. It is one of the Four Cardinal
Virtues considered central to Christian behavior by the Catholic
Church and is an important tenet of the moral codes of other world
religions
[Link] Sanger- American leader of the movement to legalize birth
control during the early 1900's. As a nurse in the poor sections of New
York City, she had seen the suffering caused by unwanted pregnancy.
Founded the first birth control clinic in the U.S. and the American
Birth Control League, which later became Planned Parenthood.
[Link] B. Wells- African American journalist. published statistics about
lynching, urged African Americans to protest by refusing to ride
streetcards or shop in white owned stores
[Link]- he right to vote, especially in a political election.
[Link] Chapman Catt- Spoke powerfully in favor of suffrage, worked
as a school principal and a reporter ., became head of the National
American Woman Suffrage, an inspiried speaker and abrilliant
organizer. Devised a detailed battle plan for fighting the war of
suffrage.
[Link]- The National American Woman Suffrage Association
(NAWSA) was an American women's rights organization formed in
May 1890 as a unification of the National Woman Suffrage
Association (NWSA) and the American Woman Suffrage Association
(AWSA).
[Link] Paul- Woman's suffrage leader who helped form the National
Woman's Party. Organized many walks and rallies.
21.19th Amendment- Amendment to the U.S. Constitution (1920)
extended the right to vote to women in federal or state elections.
[Link]- immigrants getting rid of their foreign
habits assimilating into American culture
[Link] T. Washington- An ex-slave founded the Tuskegee Institute in
Alabama in 1881. He stressed patience, manual training and hard
work for blacks. Made the Atlanta Compromise speech.
24.W.E.B. Du Bois- An African American sociologist and civil rights
leader who attended Harvard but Yale was closed to him; he spoke
about Jefferson Davis in his commencement speech treating it with
contemptuous fairness
[Link] Movement- a meeting of blacks at Niagara Falls in 1905,
including Du Bois, where they created a list of demands (ex.
unrestricted right to vote, end to segregation, equality of economic
opportunities, exc.)
[Link]- (National Association for the Advancement of Colored
People) created in 1909 by a group of liberals (including Du Bois,
Jane Addams and John Dewey) to eradicate racial discrimination
[Link] League- Formed in 1911 to helped African Americans who
were migrating to Northern cities from the South. Its motto was "Not
Alms But Opportunity", which reflected its emphasis on self reliance
and economic advancement.
[Link]-Defamation League- Worked to defend Jews against Physical
and verbal attacks and false statements.
[Link]- A mexican american mutual aid group, the members
pooled money to buy insurance and pay for legal advice.
[Link] Roosevelt- 26th president, known for: conservationism,
trust-busting, Hepburn Act, safe food regulations, "Square Deal,"
Panama Canal, Great White Fleet, Nobel Peace Prize for negotiation
of peace in Russo-Japanese War.
[Link] Deal- embraced the three Cs: control of the corporations,
consumer protection, and the conservation of the United States'
natural resources.
[Link] Act- restricted railroad "free passes" and expanded the
Interstate Commerce Commission to include in its powers the
prosecution of express companies, sleeping-car companies, and
pipelines. For the first time gave the ICC that ability to nullify
existing rates and set maximum rates.
[Link] Inspection Act- An act passed which allowed the Federal
Government to inspect and ensure the quality of meat products in the
United States.
[Link] Food and Drug Act- An act which called for the regulation of
consumer products to prevent false advertising.
[Link] Muir- capmaigned for awarness of environment, inspired
creation of Yosemite National Park. Became President of Sierra Club
[Link] Pinchot- head of the U.S. Forest Servic under Roosevelt, who
believed that it was possible to make use of natural resources while
conserving them
[Link] Reclamation Act- Authorized the government to decide how
and where water would be distributed through the construction of
dams and irrigation projects.
[Link] Nationalism- Progressive policy of Theodore Roosevelt--1912
Progressive party platform--favored a more active government role in
economic and social affairs--favored continued consolidation of trusts
and labor unions and the growth of powerful regulatory agencies in
Washington--favored women's suffrage and social welfare programs
(including minimum-wage laws and "socialistic" social insurance).
[Link] Party- Also known as the "Bull Moose" Party, known for
its strong commitment to progressive causes that had become popular
over the past two decades. The party advocated additional regulation
of industry and trusts, sweeping reforms of many areas of
government, compensation by the government for workers injured on
the job, pensions for the elderly and for widows with children, and
women suffrage.
[Link] Wilson- 28th president of the United States, known for
World War I leadership, created Federal Reserve, Federal Trade
Commission, Clayton Antitrust Act, progressive income tax, lower
tariffs, women's suffrage (reluctantly), Treaty of Versailles, sought 14
points post-war plan, League of Nations (but failed to win U.S.
ratification), won Nobel Peace Prize
[Link] Freedom- Woodrow Wilson's domestic policy that promoted
antitrust modification, tariff revision, and reform in banking and
currency matters.
42.16th Amendment- Amendment that legalized the income tax
[Link] Reserve Act- This act created a central banking system,
consisting of twelve regional banks governed by the Federal Reserve
Board. It was an attempt to provide the United States with a sound yet
flexible currency. The Board it created still plays a vital role in the
American economy today.
[Link] Trade Commission- Established to preserve competition by
preventing unfair business practices and investigate complaints
against companies.
[Link] Antitrust Act- Lengthened Sherman Anti-Trust Act's list of
practices. Exempted labor unions from being called trusts, legalized
strikes and peaceful picketing by labor union members.
[Link]- Lengthened Sherman Anti-Trust Act's list of practices.
Exempted labor unions from being called trusts, legalized strikes and
peaceful picketing by labor union members.
[Link] T. Mahan- admiral in U.S. navy, wrote The Influence of Sea
Power Upon History (1890) - said we need to control seas to be super
power
[Link] Economy- economy in a colony where the colonizing
country removed raw materials and shipped them back home to
benefit its own economy
[Link] Darwinism- the belief held by some in the late 19th century
that certain nations and races were superior to others and therefore
destined to rule over them. the survival of the "richest" idea.
[Link] J. Turner- Historian who noted that the frontier had been
closed by gradual settlement in the 19th century
[Link] Perry- Commodore, sailed a fleet of American warships into
present day Tokyo, Japan
[Link] Liluokalani- Hawaiian nationalist, resented the increasing
power of the white planters, who owned much of Hawaiian land.
Abolished the constitution that had given political power to the white
minority
[Link] Marti- Cuban patriot, launched a war for independence from
Spain
[Link] Randolph Hearst- rival newspaper publisher, heightened the
public's dislike of the Spanish Governement
[Link] Press- Newspapers that used sensational headlines and
exaggerated stories in order to promote readership
[Link]- aggressive nationalism
[Link] Dewey- Commodore, steamed his squadron of vessels into
Manila Bay, in the Spanish-held Philippines
[Link] Aguinaldo- led Filipino nationalists in defeating the Spanish
Army
[Link] Raiders- group of men, consisting of rugged westerners and
upper class easterners who fought during the Spanish-American War
[Link] of Paris- an agreement signed by the U.S. and Spain in 1898,
which officially ended the Spanish-American War.
[Link]- Rebellion
[Link] Warfare- form of non-traditional warfare generally
involving hit-and-run attacks by small bands of fighters
[Link] Howard Taft- 1901-governor of the Philippines. Future
President.
[Link] of Influence- a region dominated and controlled by and outside
power
[Link] Hay- U.S. secretary of state, issued the first of a series of notes
to foreign diplomats in 1899
[Link] Rebellion- Violence started by members of a secret society in
China, which prompted the governments of Europe and America to
send troops to squash the rebellion
[Link] Door Policy- American statement that the government did not
want colonies in china, but favored free trade there
[Link]-Japanese War- a war between Japan and Russia in 1904 over
the presence of Russian troops in Manchuria
[Link] Agreement- An agreement with Japan where Japan
agreed to limit immigration, and Roosevelt agreed to discuss with the
San Francisco School Board that segregation of Japanese children in
school would be stopped. The agreement prevented a war that would
have been caused by California, who was in Japan's eyes, oppressing
their children.
[Link] White Fleet- battleships sent by Roosevelt in 1907 on a "good
will cruise" around the world.
[Link] Act- Congress accorded the Puerto Ricans a limited degree of
popular gov't and in 1917, granted then US citizenship. Worked
wonders in education, sanitation, transportation, + more
[Link] Amendment- This amendment to the new Cuban constitution
authorized U.S. intervention in Cuba to protect its interests. Cuba
pledged not to make treates with other countries that might
compromise its independence, and it granted naval bases to the United
States, most notable being Guantanamo Bay.
[Link] Stick Diplomacy- The policy held by Teddy Roosevelt in
foreign affairs. The "big stick" symbolizes his power and readiness to
use military force if necessary. It is a way of intimidating countries
without actually harming them.
[Link] Corollary- Roosevelt's 1904 extension of the Monroe
Doctrine, stating that the United States has the right to protect its
economic interests in South And Central America by using military
force
[Link] Canal- Waterway across the Isthmus of Panama.
[Link] Diplomacy- Term used to describe the efforts of the US to
further its foreign policy through use of economic power by
gaurenteeing loans to foreign countries
[Link] Diplomacy- foreign policy proposed by President Wilson to
condemn imperialism, spread democracy, and promote peace
[Link] Pancho Villa- Mexican revolutionary leader (1877-1923)
Did many good things, but killed a lot of people. Wanted to take
money from the rich and give it to the poor.