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Understanding Switchyard Equipment & Functions

This document provides an overview of a switchyard, the key equipment found in switchyards, and their functions. It discusses: 1) What a switchyard is and its main roles in linking generation plants to transmission systems and adjusting voltage levels. 2) Common equipment in switchyards like transformers, circuit breakers, isolators, and instrumentation that help control voltage levels, switch circuits on/off, and protect equipment. 3) Different bus and breaker switching schemes used in switchyards and factors considered in selecting a scheme, like system security, flexibility, simplicity and cost.

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9 views3 pages

Understanding Switchyard Equipment & Functions

This document provides an overview of a switchyard, the key equipment found in switchyards, and their functions. It discusses: 1) What a switchyard is and its main roles in linking generation plants to transmission systems and adjusting voltage levels. 2) Common equipment in switchyards like transformers, circuit breakers, isolators, and instrumentation that help control voltage levels, switch circuits on/off, and protect equipment. 3) Different bus and breaker switching schemes used in switchyards and factors considered in selecting a scheme, like system security, flexibility, simplicity and cost.

Uploaded by

ersbug123
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

SWITCHYARD Presentation Transcript:

1. What is a Switchyard ?
It is a switching station which has the following credits :
(i) Main link between Generating plant and Transmission system, which has a
large influence on the security of the supply.
(ii) Step-up and/or Step-down the voltage levels depending upon the Network
Node.
(iii) Switching ON/OFF Reactive Power Control devices, which has effect on
Quality of power.
2. SWITCHYARD EQUIPMENTS
Equipments commonly found in switchyard :
Lightening arrestor
Current transformer
Voltage transformer
Power transformers / I.C.T.
Bus bar and clamp fittings
Support structure
Isolators
Circuit Breaker
Wave traps
Earthing switch
3. Functions of various equipment :
* Transformers : - Transforms the voltage levels from higher to lower level or
vice versa, keeping the power constant.
* Circuit breakers : - Makes or automatically breaks the electrical circuits under
Loaded condition.
* Isolators : - Opens or closes the electrical circuits under No-load conditions.
* Instrument transformers : - For stepping-down the electrical parameter
(Voltage or Current) to a lower and safe value for Metering and Protection
logics.
* Earth switch : - Used to connect the charged body to ground to discharge the
trapped charge to have a safe maintenance zone.
4. Functions of various equipment :
* Lightning arrestors : - Safe guards the equipment by discharging the high
currents due to Lightning.
* Overhead earth wire : - Protects the O/H transmission line from Lightning
strokes.
* Bus bar : - Conductors to which a number of circuits are connected.
* Wave Traps/Line traps : - Used in PLCC circuits for Communication and
Protection of Transmission lines * Reactive Power control devices : - Controls
the reactive power imbalance in the grid by switching ON/OFF the Shunt
Reactors, Shunt Capacitors etc.,
* Current Limiting Reactors : - Limits the Short circuit currents in case of faulty

conditions.
5. Bus Switching Schemes :
Bus Bar Schemes
* Single Sectionalised bus
* Main & Transfer bus
* Sectionalised Main bus with Transfer bus
* Sectionalised Double Main & Transfer bus
Breaker Schemes
* Ring bus
* One and Half breaker
* Double bus Double breaker
6. Factors effecting the selection of Switching Scheme :
* System Security
* Operational Flexibility
* Simplicity of Protection arrangements
* Ability to limit the Short Circuit levels
* Maintenance
* Ease of extension
* Total land area
* Cost
7. What is a Switchgear ?
The apparatus used for Switching, Controlling and Protecting the Electrical
Circuits and equipment.
Need of Switchgear :
* Switching during normal operating conditions for the purpose of Operation
and Maintenance.
* Switching during Faults and Abnormal conditions and interrupting the fault
currents.
8. Relay :
A device that detects the fault and initiates the operation of the Circuit breaker
to isolate the defective element from the rest of the system.
* The relays detect the abnormal conditions in the electrical circuits by
constantly measuring the electrical quantities which are different under normal
and faulty conditions.
9. Requirements of Protecting relaying :
Selectivity - Ability to select the faulty part and isolate that part without
disturbing the rest of the system. Speed - Ability to disconnect the faulty part at
the earliest possible time.
Sensitivity - Ability of the relay to operate with low value of actuating quantity.
Reliability - Ability of the system to operate under pre-determined conditions

10. For more please refer our PPT. Thank You.

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