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Delay Calculations in Networking

This document provides examples of calculating delays in network transmissions. It discusses propagation delay, transmission delay, end-to-end delay, bandwidth-delay product, and queuing delay. For propagation delay, it gives an equation that shows it depends on distance and propagation speed. For queuing delay with many packets arriving simultaneously, it calculates the average delay as half the transmission time of a single packet multiplied by the number of packets.

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18 views2 pages

Delay Calculations in Networking

This document provides examples of calculating delays in network transmissions. It discusses propagation delay, transmission delay, end-to-end delay, bandwidth-delay product, and queuing delay. For propagation delay, it gives an equation that shows it depends on distance and propagation speed. For queuing delay with many packets arriving simultaneously, it calculates the average delay as half the transmission time of a single packet multiplied by the number of packets.

Uploaded by

Behin Sam
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Module 2 Sample delay calculations

1. This is Problem 8 at the end of Chapter 1 in the book, Page 70.


Consider two hosts A and B, connected by a single link of transmission rate
R bps. Suppose that the two hosts are separated by m meters and that the
propagation speed along the link is s meters/sec. Host A needs to send a single
packet of size L bits to host B.
a)What is the propagation delay, dprop ?
Ans: dprop =

m meters
s meteres / sec

m
s

sec

b) The transmission time of the packet, dtrans is:


Ans: dtrans =

L bits
R bits / sec

L
R

sec

c) Ignoring processing and queuing delays, obtain an expression for end-to-end


delay:
L
Ans: The last bit gets pushed out of As interface in R
sec; this bit takes
m
L
reach B. So the total end-to-end delay is : R + s sec.

m
s

secto

d) If A begins transmission at t = 0, at t = dtrans , where is the last bit of the


packet?
Ans: The last bit has already reached host B, assuming
L
less than R
(= dprop ).

m
s (=

dtrans ) is much

2. In the netwok above, the transmission delay for a single 54Kbyte packet that
A needs to transmit to B is:
Ans:

L
R

54 103 8 sec

3. Suppose two hosts A and B are separated by 10,000 kilometers and connected
by a single direct link with R = 1 Mbps . Assume the propagation speed is
2.5 108 meters / sec.
a) The Bandwidth-delay product of a link is defined as R dprop . Caculate
the bandwidth-delay product for this link:
Ans: dprop =

10,000 km 1000 meters / km


2.5108 meters / sec

1
25

sec; R = 1 Mbps; So

1
Bandwidth-delay product= 25
sec 106 bits / sec = 4 104 bits

b)What is the maximum number of bits on the link at any given time?
A first bit takes

1
25

sec to reach B once it leaves A. During this time, how many


1

1
4
bits have been injected into the wire by A? 25
106 bits
sec = 4 10 = 40, 000 bits.
So the maximum number of bits on the link at any given time is 40,000. Thus
Bandwidth-delay product is the maximum number of bits on the link at any
given time.

4. Consider a router that has a finite buffer it its outbound link. Suppose that
the link has R = 1.5 Mbps transmission rate and that a packet contains 6400
bits. If 1000 such packet arrive simultaneously at the router, what is the average
queuing delay for the 1000 packets?
Ans: The queuing delay for the first packet is 0; the second packet has to wait
6400
till the first one is completely transmitted, which takes 1.510
6 sec. The waiting
6400
time for the third packet will be 2 1.5106 sec, since it gets sent only after the
6400
first two are sent. Arguing similarly, the last packet has to wait 999 1.510
6 sec.
So the average delay is the average of these delays:

6400
1.5106

6400
6400
6400
+2 1.510
6 +3 1.5106 +....+999 1.5106

999

500

6400
1.5106

' 2.13 sec .

sec =

1+2+3+...+999
999

6400
1.5106

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