1

Chapter III
Methodology
The procedure and techniques used to conducting the present
study are described in this chapter. A scientific and systematic
methodology was developed and used to curried and the present
study. The detail of variety aspects has been described along with
relevant information under the following section.
3.1Locale of the study.
3.1(1) Geographic condition
3.1(2) Climatic condition
3.1(3) Demographic condition
3.2 Tools and Techniques of Data collection
3.2 (1)Construction of tool
3.3 Collections of Data
3.4 Analyses of Data
3.1- Locale of the study.
Locale of the study was done on Dulrasar village Sardar Shahar
Tehsil Churu district of Rajasthan.
3.1(1)-Geographic condition
Dulrasar is a village in sardar shahar tehsil in churu district is
situated in the north eastern part of Rajasthan 28, 30 north latitudes
and 74,30 east longitudes. In the north eastern 7 west directions .the
district surrounded by the district of Hanumangarh, Jhunjhunu and
2

Bikaner. Its southern boundary is formed by the directions of Nagour
& Sikar. The district shares interstate boundary only with on state
i.e. Haryana in the north east block and boundary of Churu district is
shown in map 1
3.1(2) - Climatic condition
As the district is a part of the desert it represents the typical
desert climate condition i.e. very high temperature is summer & very
low in winter. Scantly & summer rainfall the short duration of rainy
season the direct receiver must of the rain full by south west
monsoon from July to September.
Dusty winds with high velocity are common phenomena in the
month of May & June.
3.1(3)-Demographic condition
The village is predominantly rural in character in sense the
most of the population lines village. The total population of Dulrasar
village2, 718 people of which are male 1,379 females 1,339 children
443, 44% of total population line in village? (Census-2011)
3.2 Tools and techniques of data collection
Tool and techniques of data a semi structure for the present
study. The tool was developed by the researcher herself. the tool is
given in appendix II
3.2(1) -Construction of tool
The tool comprised of three parts.

3

Part-1
This Part was also divided in to there sub-parts. First sub. Part
was related of background information (like- age, occupation, family
type, &family size and income of family members) of the responders
and second sub part was developed to obtain general information
regarding group,(line sours of unity among group members) and last
part Was design to have information regarding because of the group.
Part -2
This part of the tool was design to get knowledge regarding
agriculture activities taken by the group, training given for activates,
impact of agriculture activity and marking on income practices
employed by the group for selling the product developed by them.
Part - 3
This part covers questions regarding different type of
constraints faced by the group (like- various agriculture constraints,
personal and family constraints, infrastructure, constructions,
technical constraints, financial constraint, administrative,
constraints, resources constraints, social constraints, cognitive
constraints, organizational constraints and marketing related
constraints.
3.3 Collections of data
The data were collected for the present study with the help of
tool. The respondents were individually contacted their home. The
co-operation of field workers of Karshi Vigyan Kendra was avoided to
4

locate and make specific report with respondents. The data were
collected after establishing & friendly atmosphere.
3.4 - Analyses of data
The data thus collected were transferred on tally sheets. It was
than processed. Tabulated analyzed frequency and percentage were
used to analyses the data regarding part 1 for part 2 frequency
percentage along with raking method were used to analyses data. For
part 3 ranking method was used.
(i) Frequency
It was calculated to find out the number of
respondents in particular cell.

(ii) Percentage
It was used for making simple comparisons for
calculating percentage the
Frequency of particular cell was multiplied by 100 and divided by the
total numbers of respondents in that particular category to which cell
they belong.
Iii Ranking procedure
For analyzing constraints faced by the group following
procedure has been followed
I The responses were arranged in two close either yes or no.
Ii A frequency of the respondents fooling in each category was
worked out.
5

Iii these frequencies were than expressed in terms of the
percentage of the total size of sample.
The same procedure was for analyesising each category.


6

Chapter IV
Result & Discussion


TABLE- 1
Distribution of the respondents according to age group.
N = 50
[Link]. Age group Frequency Percentage
1
25 30 20 40
2 30 35 16 32
3 35 40 10 20
4 40 - 45 4 08
Total 50 100

Above group represents age group of women age group
25-30 age group shows 40, 30-35 age shows 32 35-40 age shows 20
only 40-45 age shows 8 age group.

FIGURE 1
Distribution of the Respondents according to age group.
7


TABLE-2
Distribution of the farm women according to evocation level
N = 50
[Link]. Education level Frequency Percentage
1 Primary 10 20
2 middle 05 10
3 Secondary 10 20
4 illiterate 15 30
5 Literate 10 20
Total 50 100

It is clear from table 2 that 20% of women were educated up to
primary level. While 10 % women had middle level education 20%
women secondary level education, 20% women literate and 30
women are illiterate.
FIGURE - 2
Distribution of the farm women according to evocation Level
8.2
3.2
1.4
1.2
WOMEN AGE GROUP
25-30
30-35
35-40
40-45
8




20%
10%
20%
30%
20%
WOMEN EDUCATION LEVEL
Primary
Middle
Secondary
Illiterate
litterate
9

TABLE-3
Distribution of the respondents according to family size
N = 50
[Link]. Family size Frequency Percentage
1 Small(1-4) members 13 26
2 Small(5-8) members 17 34
3 Small(1-4) more then 8
members
20 40
Total 50 100

Table 3 show that family size of more than half of about the
respondents 40% ware large (more than 8 members) just 34%
respondents were form medium sized(5-8 members) family. Only
26% respondents were form small (1-4 members) sized family.

10

TABLE-4
Distribution of respondents according to family size
N=50
[Link]. Family type Frequency Percentage
1 Joint family 39 78
2 Nuclear family 11 22
Total 50 100

Table 4 shows that majority of the respondents 78% were from
joint family and rest of the respondents 22% were from nuclear
family.

11

TABLE-5
Distribution of respondents according to family occupation
N=50
[Link]. Family occupation Frequency Percentage
1 Agriculture 26 52
2 Animal husbandry 09 18
3 Laboure 07 14
4 Castile business 05 10
5 Job 03 06
Total 50 100

The evident from table 5 that family occupation of 52% of the
respondents was agriculture while less than 14% respondents
family were worked as labourer. Family members of 10%
respondents were engorged in Castile business and only 6%
respondents were engaged in job.


12

TABLE-6
Distribution of respondents according to family income.
N = 50
[Link]. Income of family (D) Frequency Percentage
1 1000 2000 D 12 24
2 2000 4000 D 16 32
3 More than 4000 D 22 44
Total 50 100

The distribution of respondents according to family income is
show in table 6 it reveals that 32% of the respondents had family
income between D 200 4000 per month and family income between
D 1000 2000 24% family income of more than about half of
respondents 44% was more than 4000 D




13

TABLE-7
Distribution of the respondents according to freedom of work.
N=50
[Link]. Freedom of work Frequency Percentage
1 Yes 16 32
2 No 34 68
Total 50 100
Above group are same we can say that 32% female work
freedom outer side and 68% female shows no outer side.

FIGURE-3
Distribution of the respondents according to freedom of work.



32%
68%
FREEDOM OF WORK
YES
NO
14

TABLE 8
Distribution of the respondents according to needs of work.
N=50
[Link]. Need of work Frequency Percentage
1 Yes 44 88
2 No 06 12
Total 50 100
Above group are same we can say that yes 88% female need of
work 12% female shows no need of work.

FIGURE-4
Distribution of farm women according to need of work



88%
12%
NEED OF WORK
YES
NO
15

TABLE-9
Distribution of the respondent according to today depends on
agriculture.
N=50
[Link]. Depend on agriculture Frequency Percentage
1 Yes 47 94
2 No 03 06
Total 50 100
Above group are same we can say that yes 94% female depend
on agriculture.
FIGURE-5
Distribution of the respondent according to today depends on
agriculture.


94%
6%
DEPEND ON AGRICULTURE
YES
NO
16

TABLE-10
Distribution of the respondent according agriculture work
helped by person.
N=50
[Link]. Agriculture work helped by
person
Frequency Percent
age
1 Male 15 30
2 Female 10 20
3 Children 04 08
4 All family members 21 42
Total 50 100
Above group are same we can say that 30% male agriculture
work helped by person 20% female helped 8% children and 42% all
family members agriculture work helped by person.
FIGURE-6
Distribution of the respondent according agriculture work
helped by person.

30%
20%
8%
42%
Agriculture work helped by Person
male
Female
Children
All family members
17

Table-11
Distribution of the respondent according to work done under
agriculture.
N=50
[Link]. Work done under Agriculture Frequency Percentage
1 Seed rope 15 30
2 Pesticides 10 20
3 Crop cutting 12 24
4 Waste crop 08 16
5 Care of Farm 02 04
6 All work 03 06
Total 50 100
Table 11 Shows that 30% female work done under agriculture
seed rope 20% Pesticides, 24% female waste crop, 16% Crop cutting,
4% care of farm and 6% female all done under agriculture.
FIGURE-7
Distribution of the respondent according to work done under
agriculture.


30%
20%
24%
16%
4%
6%
WORK DONE UNDER AGRICULTURE
seed rope
Pestisides
waste crop
crop cutting
care of farm
All work
18

TABLE-12
Distribution of the respondent according to reasons of
agriculture work.
N=50
[Link]. Reasons of work Agriculture Frequency Percentage
1 Reason of illiterate 15 30
2 Reason of interested in
agriculture work
05 10
3 Self employment 05 10
4 Bad condition of male 10 20
5 Reason for economic goods 05 10
6 All Reasons 10 20
Total 50 100

FIGURE-8
Distribution of the respondent according to reasons of
agriculture work.

30%
10%
10%
20%
10%
20%
Reason of Agriculture work
Reason of illetrate
Reason of interst in age. Work
Self Employment
Bad condition of male
Reason for eco. Good
All reasons
19

TABLE-13
Distribution of the respondent according to social and economic
development by agriculture.
N=50
[Link]. Social & economic
development by agriculture
Frequency Percentage
1 Yes 12 24
2 No 38 76
Total 50 100
Above group are same we can say that yes 24% female social &
economic development by agriculture and 76% female say that no
social & economic development by agriculture.

FIGURE-9
Distribution of the respondent according to social and economic
development by agriculture.


24%
76%
SOCIAL & ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT BY
AGRICULTURE
YES
NO
20

TABLE-14
Distribution of the respondent according to time of agriculture
work.
N=50
[Link]. Time of Agriculture work Frequency Percentage
1 Morning 28 56
2 Afternoon 07 14
3 Evening 12 24
4 Other (whole day) 03 06
Total 50 100
Table-14 Shows that 56% female agriculture work in morning,
14% female afternoon, 24% female evening and 6% other time like
whole day.
FIGURE-10
Distribution of the respondent according to time of agriculture
work


56%
14%
24%
6%
TIME OF AGRICULTURE WORK
Morning
Afternoon
Evening
Other (whole day)
21

TABLE-15
Distribution of respondent according to preparation of land
N=50
[Link]. Preparation of land Frequency Percentage
1 Equal 32 64
2 Roller 08 16
3 Waste crop 10 20
Total 50 100
Above group are same we can say that 64% female preparation
of land by equal land 16%, female Roller and 20% female waste crop
Preparation of land

FIGURE-11
Distribution of respondent according to preparation of land

64%
16%
20%
PREPARATION OF LAND
Equal
Roller
Waste Crop
22

TABLE-16
Distribution of the respondent according of chemical used
in land Purity
N=50
[Link]. Types of Chemical Frequency Percentage
1 Urea 33 66
2 Aldrine 13 26
3 Benzine 04 08
Total 50 100
Above group are we can say that 66% female used Urea in land
purity 26% female Aldrine in land purity

FIGURE-12
Distribution of the respondent according of chemical used
in land Purity



66%
26%
8%
TYPES OF CHEMICAL
Urea
Aldrine
B.H.S.
23

TABLE-17
Distribution of the respondent according to methods of seed
roping
N=50
[Link]. Method of seed Roping Frequency Percentage
1 By Spray 32 64
2 By lining 15 30
3 By rope way 03 06
Total 50 100
Table-17 shows that of the respondent were 64% female
method of seed roping by spray, 30% female by lining method and
female method of seed roping by rope way.

FIGURE-12
Distribution of the respondent according to methods of
seed roping


64%
30%
6%
METHOD OF SEED ROPING
By Spray
By lining
By rope way
24

TABLE-18
Distribution of the respondent according to used of pesticides.
N=50
[Link]. Used of Pesticides Frequency Percentage
1 Animal waste 34 68
2 Compose 12 24
3 Carbonic 04 08
Total 50 100
Above Group are Same we Can say that 68% female used of
pesticides animal waste 24% used composte and 8% female used of
pesticide carbonic.
FIGURE-13
Distribution of the respondent according to used of pesticides.




68%
24%
8%
USED OF PESTISIDES
Animal Waste
Composte
Carbonic
25

TABLE-19
Distribution of respondent according to methods of irrigation.
N=50
[Link]. Methods of irrigation Frequency Percentage
1 Rain 27 54
2 Sprinkler 13 26
3 Pipe supply 07 14
4 Water in field 03 06
Total 50 100
Table No. 19 Shows that of the respondent were method of
irrigation 54% rain, 26% sprinkler, 14% pipe supply and 6% female
used methods of irrigation store water in field.

FEGURE-14
Distribution of respondent according to methods of irrigation

54%
26%
14%
6%
METHODS OF IRRIGATION
Rain
Sprinkler
Pipe Supply
Water infield
26

TABLE-20
Distribution of the respondent to roping & cutting activities.
N=50
[Link]. Roping & Cutting Activities Frequency Percentage
1 Yes 38 76
2 No 12 24
Total 50 100
Above Group are same we can say that 76% family yes roping
& cutting activities and 24% not Roping & cutting activities

FIGURE-15
Distribution of the respondent to roping & cutting activities


76%
24%
ROPING & CUTTING ACTIVITIES
Yes
No
27

TABLE-21
Distribution of the respondent according to types of roping &
cutting activities
N=50
[Link]. Roping & Cutting Activities Frequency Percentage
1 Dringing 25 50
2 Waste of crop 10 20
3 Nirai 09 18
4 Gudai 06 12
Total 50 100
Table-21 shows that 50% female dringing types of roping &
cutting activities 20% female waste of crop, 18% female Nirai and
12% female Gudai used types of roping & cutting activities.
FIGURE-16
Distribution of the respondent according to types of roping &
cutting activities

50%
20%
18%
12%
TYPES ROPING & CUTTING ACTIVITIES
Dringing
Waste of Corp
Nirai
Gudai
28

TABLE-22
Distribution of the respondent according to problems in
agriculture work
N=50
[Link]. Problems in agriculture
work.
Frequency Percentage
1 Lake of Money 12 24
2 Lake of Resources 10 20
3 Bad effect on health 04 08
4 Lack of IT 04 08
5 All Problems 20 40
Total 50 100
Table-22 shows that 24% female, face Problems in agriculture
work lack of money, 20% 20% female lack of resources 8% female
bad effect on health, 8% female lack of IT and 40% female face all
Problems in agriculture work.
FIGURE-17
Distribution of the respondent according to problems in
agriculture work


24%
20%
8%
8%
40%
Problems in Agriculture work
Lake of Money
Lack of Resources
Bad Effect on Helth
Lack of 11
All Problems
29

TABLE-23
Distribution of the respondent according to knowledge of
agriculture recent find
N=50
[Link]
.
Knowledge of agriculture
recent find.
Frequenc
y
Percentage
1 KVK 21 42
2 By extension worker 06 12
3 Mass Media (T.V. Radio etc.) 10 20
4 Exhibition 09 18
5 All 04 08
Total 50 100
Table-23 relevant that 42% female knowledge of agriculture
recent find by KVK, 12% by extension worker, 20% by Mass media
(T.V., Radio etc.), 18% by Exhibition and 8% female Knowledge of
Agriculture recent fiend by all types.
FIGURE-18
Distribution of the respondent according to knowledge of
agriculture recent find


42%
12%
20%
18%
8%
knowled of agriculture recent find
KVK
By Extention worker
Mass media (T.V. Radio)
Exibition
All
30

TABLE-24
Distribution of the respondent according to sales of seeds
N=50
[Link]. sales of seeds Frequency Percentage
1 Solid in Market 30 60
2 Landlord 04 08
3 Not sale (home) 16 32
Total 50 100
Total-24 shows that 60% female sales of seeds solid in market,
8% female Sales of seeds Landlord and 32% female not sales of
seeds.
FIGURE-18
Distribution of the respondent according to sales of seeds


]
60%
8%
32%
SALES OF SEEDS
Soled in Market
Land yard
Not sale (home)
31

TABLE-25
Distribution of the respondent according to importance
instruction when sale of seeds.
N=50
[Link]
.
importance instruction
when sale of seeds
Frequency Percentage
1 Exact 09 18
2 By government sold 02 04
3 Time decision 09 18
4 All Instruction 30 60
Total 50 100
Table-25 shows that 18% female importance instruction when
sale of seeds Exact Naptol, 4% female by Government sold, 18%
female time decision and 60% female importance instruction when
sale of seeds faces all instruction.
FIGURE-19
Distribution of the respondent according to importance
instruction when sale of seeds.

18%
4%
18%
60%
IMPORTANCE INSTRUCTION
Exact Naptol
By Government sold
Time Disicion
All Instruction
32

TABLE-26
Distribution of the respondent according to agriculture benefits
N=50
[Link]. Agriculture benefits. Frequency Percentage
1 Poverty relevant 09 18
2 Employment achievment 02 04
3 Standard level increase social &
economic
09 18
4 All Benefits 30 60
Total 50 100
Total-26 shows that 10% female agriculture benefits are
Poverty relevant, 24% female employment achievement, 16% female
standard level increase social & economic and female agriculture
benefits.
FEGURE-19
Distribution of the respondent according to agriculture benefits

10%
24%
16%
50%
AGRICULTURE BENIFTS
Poverty relevent
employment achievment
Standred level increase social
& economic
All benefits
33

TABLE-27
Distribution of the respondent according to link to Self Help
Group (SHG)
N=50
[Link]. link to Self Help Group
(SHG)
Frequency Percentage
1 Yes 05 10
2 No 45 90
Total 50 100
Above group are Same we can say that 10% female yes link to
SHG and 90% female shows no link to SHG.

FIGURE-21
Distribution of the respondent according to link to Self Help
Group (SHG)


10%
90%
LINK TO SELF HELP GROUP(SHG)
YES
NO
34

TABLE-28
Distribution of the respondent according to government helps in
agriculture work
N=50
[Link]. Government help in agriculture work F %
1 Yes 03 06
2 No 47 94
Total 50 100
Above Group are same we can say that 6% female yes
government help in agriculture and 94% female no Government help
in agriculture work.
FIGURE-22
Distribution of the respondent according to government helps
in agriculture work

6%
94%
GOVERNMENT HELP IN AGRECULTURE
WORK
YES
NO
35

TABLE-29
Distribution of the respondent according to types of
Government helps
N=50
[Link]. types of government helps Frequency Percentage
1 Land Survey Administration 08 16
2 Bank Loan 30 60
3 All 12 24
Total 50 100

FIGURE-22
Distribution of the respondent according to types of
government helps

16%
60%
24%
GOVERNMENT HELP IN AGRECULTURE
WORK
Land survey admintration
Bank loan
All
36

TABLE-30
Distribution respondent according to work pay equal to male
N=50
[Link]. work pay equal to male Frequency Percentage
1 Yes 02 04
2 No 48 96
Total 50 100
Above Group are same we can Say that 4% female yes work
pay equal to male and 96% female not work pay equal to male.

FIGURE-22
Distribution respondent according to work pay equal to male

4%
96%
WORK PAY EQUAL TO MALE
Yes
No