College of Engineering
Civil and Environmental Engineering Department
CIVL375: Water and Wastewater Technolog
E!ample "inal E!am
#$ %& pts' (elect the most appropriate answer
Part A through D are related to the table below which shows Ct (mg l
-1
min) values for 1.0-Log
(0!) inactivation of a certain microorganism.
Disinfectant "ater #em$erature
0.% C % C 10 C 1% C &0 C
'ree chlorine (0 %0 )( &% 1*
Performed chloramine 1)00 (+0 ,&0 %00 )(0
Chloride dio-ide &1 *.( (.( ,.) %.0
./one 0.( 0.,) 0.+* 0.)& 0.&+
A. #he strongest disinfectant among the four listed in the above table is
(i) 'ree chlorine (ii) Performed chloramines
(iii) chloride dio-ide (iv) ./one
0. #he value of Ct (mgl
-1
min) for free chlorine for ! inactivation at &0 C is about
(i) (ii) ), (iii) &+ (iv) 1).%
C. #he value of Ct (mgl
-1
min) for free chlorine for 0! inactivation at &% C is about
(i) 1&.% (ii) &% (iii) %0 (iv) 1).%
D. A water at &0 C is to be disinfected using o/one with 0! inactivation. 'or a contact time of
10 min1 the a$$lied o/one dose (mg2l) should be
(i) 0.0&+ (ii) 0.&+ (iii) &+0 (iv) &+00
3. .ne of the disadvantages of using free chlorine for disinfection is
(i) it forms #45s (ii) it forms chlorate
(iii) it is chea$ (iv) it leaves residual
'. .ne of the following sentences is correct about lime2soda-ash softening $rocess
(i) 5agnesium $reci$itates as 5gC.)
(ii) After treatment the water will have a low $4 value
(iii) 6oda ash will be needed when there is not enough al7alinit8 in the water
(iv) #he chemical formula of soda ash is Ca(.4)&
9. As the water turbidit8 increases1 one of the following will increase
(i) sus$ended solids (ii) #D6 (iii) hardness (iv) al7alinit8
4. :n the electrodial8sis method for removal of #D61 as the flow rate increases while other
conditions remain the same1 the removal efficienc8
(i) increases (ii) decreases (iii) remains the same
:. .ne of the followings is not a common coagulant
(i) 'eCl) (ii) 'e6.+ (iii) Al&Cl) (iv) Al&(6.+))
1
;. <e=ect brine from a distillation unit has )! dissolved solids. #hus1 the concentration of
dissolved solids in the brine in mg2l is
(i) ) (ii) )00 (iii) )000 (iv) )0000
>. A$$lied chlorine dose versus chlorine residual of drin7ing water is shown below. #he a$$lied
chlorine dose (mg2l) needed to have a free available chlorine of 0.+ (mg2l) is
(i) 0.+ (ii) 0.% (iii) 0. (iv) 1.+
L. 'rom the $revious figure1 the chlorine demand at an a$$lied chlorine dose of 1., mg2l is about
(i) 1., mg2l (ii) 0., mg2l (iii) 1.0 mg2l (iv) &.& mg2l
)$ %* pts' "hat is the minimum diameter of a c8lindrical C6#< needed to remove %! of
a contaminant entering the reactor at a flow rate of &0 m
)
2hr? #he reaction rate constant is
.02da8 and the reactor de$th should not e-ceed +.0 m.
&
3$ %* pts' A reverse osmosis unit (schematicall8 shown below) is to desalinate 1001000
gal of brac7ish water $er da8. #he membrane mass transfer coefficient is 0.0)%
psi d ft
gal
&
1 the $ressure difference between the feed and the $roduct water is )%0 $si1 and
the osmotic $ressure difference between the feed and the $roduct water is +% $si.
A. "hat is the re@uired area (ft
&
) of the membrane?
0. "hat is the concentration (mg2l) of dissolved solids in the brine?
)
'eedA
BfC1001000 gal2d
CfC 101000 mg2l
ProductA
B$C(01000 gal2d
C$C &%0 mg2l
0rine
*$ %5 pts' <esults of water anal8sis are $resented in the following me@2l bar gra$h.
Answer the following @uestions
a. #he total hardness of the water in mg2l as CaC.) is
b. #he al7alinit8 of the water in mg2l as CaC.) is
Lime and soda-ash treatment is selected to reduce hardness to $ractical limits. Answer the
following @uestionsA
c. #he amount of lime (mg2l) needed is
d. #he amount of soda ash (mg2l) needed is
e. #he concentration of Da (mg2l) in the treated water is
+
C.&
Ca
EE
5g
EE
Da
E
>
E
Cl
-
4C.)
-
6.+
--
).&
+.(
0
0.),
%.&
+.%
%.&
&.& ).(
5$ %* pts' :n a sor$tion isotherm e-$eriment1 1.% g activated carbon is mi-ed with %0 ml
meth8lene blue solution with a concentration of (0 mg2l. After e@uilibrium1 the
concentration of meth8lene blue in the solution was found to be )+ mg2l. Assuming no
adsor$tion of meth8lene blue on the container walls and that sor$tion is linear. "hat is
the value and units of the e@uilibrium sor$tion distribution coefficient (>)?
+$ %* pts' A single-stage tric7ling filter receives wastewater with a 0.D of &&0 mg2l. #he
filter is 1*0-ft in diameter and (-ft-dee$. #he design flow rate is &.0 mgd. Calculate the
effluent 0.D if the wastewater tem$erature is &%
o
C.
%
BC&.0 mgd
[Link] &&0 mg2l
BC&.0 mgd
[Link] ? mg2l
<ecirculated flowC 0.% mgd
7$ %5 pts' #he schematic diagram below shows $art of a wastewater treatment $lant. #he
$rimar8 settling tan7 removes )0! 0.D and ,0! sus$ended solids (66) while the
biological treatment removes 0! 0.D and 0! 66. #he characteristics of the
wastewater are indicated at $oint A.
A. #he $rimar8 settling tan7 is usuall8 designed assuming
(i) #8$e : settling (ii) #8$e :: settling
(iii) #8$e ::: settling (iv) #8$e :F settling
0. #he sus$ended solids (mg2l) entering the aeration tan7 ($oint 0) is a$$ro-imatel8
(i) 100 (ii) &)*% (iii) &%10 (iv) 10100
C. #he e-$ected 0.D (mg2l) at $oint D
(i) 1*-&% (ii) &*-)% (iii) /ero (iv) above )%
D. "hat is the food-to-microorganisms ratio inside the aeration tan7?
3. "hat is the sludge age?
,
< C)0!
B C +00 m
)
2d
0.D%C)%0 mg2l
66C&%0 mg2l
Primar8
settling tan7
Aeration tan7
FC&1%m
) 6econdar8
settling tan7
"aste sludgeC (m
)
2d
0 C D
3
66C101000 mg2l
A