COE 342 Data Communications (Sec.

1) Fall 001
Solution of Exam II
Exam is closed book and notes
Date : Tuesday 21 Noem!e"# 2000.
Time : $%00 &m ' $%30 &m.
Location : (ooms 24)120'121
Name : Dr. Habib Youssef
ID Number :
Question Grade
*n. 1. (10) !
*n. 2. (20) "!
*n. 3. (20) "!
*n. 4. (20) "!
*n. +. (3+) #$
*n. ,. (0+) !$
*n. -. (10) !
*n. $. (1+) $
Total (12+) "$
Instructor : D". .a!i! /ousse0
1
Qn.. (10 &ts.) Fo" t1e statements listed !elo2# ma"3 2it1 T i0 t1e statement is com&letely t"ue# and
2it1 % i0 t1e statement is &a"tially o" com&letely False.
&%'LSE( 45 modulation "e6ui"es t2ice t1e !and2idt1 o0 t1e ca""ie" si7nal.
&%'LSE( Fo" 45 modulation# t1e DS8SC and SS8 si7nals "e6ui"e less &o2e" to t"ansmit and
a"e easie" to demodulate t1an DS8TC si7nals.
&%'LSE( To economi9e on !and2idt1 and &o2e" "e6ui"ements# SS8 is &"e0e""ed# 21e"e t1e
45 DS8TC si7nal is am&li0ied# t1e ca""ie" and one o0 t1e side!ands su&&"essed# and 0inally t1e
"esultin7 si7nal t"ansmitted.
&%'LSE( F5 "e6ui"es 0ie to ten times t1e ca""ie" !and2idt1.
&%'LSE( 4 :C5'CODEC &e"0o"ms t1e "ee"se &"ocess o0 a 5ODE5.
&T)*E( F5 and :5 a"e s&ecial cases o0 an7le modulation.
&T)*E( T1e !and2idt1 "e6ui"ement o0 an7le modulation inc"eases 2it1 t1e am&litude o0 t1e
data si7nal.
&T)*E( 8alanced si7nal t"ansmission is mo"e immune to noise t1an un!alanced t"ansmission.
&%'LSE( 5anc1este" encodin7 1as a &"o!lem 2it1 lon7 st"eams o0 alte"natin7 0;s and 1;s.
&T)*E( One disadanta7e o0 Non'(etu"n'to'<e"o (N(<) si7nal encodin7 is t1e di00iculty o0
sync1"oni9ation 0o" data si7nals t1at 1ae lon7 st"eams o0 0;s o" lon7 st"eams o0 1;s.
2
Qn.". (20 &ts.) Select t1e co""ect o&tion.
1. 4 modulated si7nal is 0o"med !y
a. c1an7in7 t1e modulatin7 si7nal !y t1e ca""ie" 2ae
b. c+an,in, t+e carrier -a.e b/ t+e modulatin, si,nal
c. sam&lin7 o0 t1e data si7nal at t1e 0"e6uency o0 t1e ca""ie"
d. sam&lin7 o0 t1e data at t1e Ny6uist "ate
2. =n 4S>
a. t+e stren,t+ of t+e carrier si,nal is .aried to re0resent binar/ ! and
b. t1e st"en7t1 o0 t1e data si7nal is a"ied to "e&"esent !ina"y 0 and 1
c. t1e &ea3 am&litude o0 t1e ca""ie" si7nal is a"ied to "e&"esent !ina"y 0 and 1
3. =n FS>
a. t+e fre1uenc/ of t+e carrier si,nal is .aried to re0resent binar/ ! and
b. t1e 0"e6uency o0 t1e data si7nal is a"ied to "e&"esent !ina"y 0 and 1
c. t1e 1i71 0"e6uency elements ae 0ilte"ed
4. =n :S>
a. t+e 0+ase of t+e carrier si,nal is .aried to re0resent binar/ ! and
b. t1e :ea3 am&litude o0 t1e ca""ie" si7nal is a"ied to "e&"esent !ina"y 0 and 1
c. t1e 1i71 0"e6uency elements ae 0ilte"ed
+. *uad"atu"e 4m&litude 5odulation means
a. 'S2 and 3S2
b. 4S> and FS>
c. :S> and FS>
,. :S> 21e"e 2 !its a"e t"ansmitted &e" si7nal element is "e0e""ed to as#
a. *45
b. 2':S>
c. 453S2
-. T1e constellation dia7"am on t1e "i71t side "e&"esents a *45 si7nal 2it1
a. 4 am0litudes and 6 0+ases
b. 4 0"e6uencies and $ &1ases
c. 2 am&litudes and 1, &1ases
$. Fo" t1e a!oe *45 si7nal
a. 4 bits are transmitted 0er si,nal element
b. + !its a"e t"ansmitted &e" si7nal element
c. 12 !its a"e t"ansmitted &e" si7nal element
?. 4S># :S># FS># and *45 a"e e@am&les o0
a. Di7ital'to'di7ital modulation
b. Di,ital5to5analo, modulation
c. analo7'to'di7ital modulation
d. analo7'to'analo7 modulation
10. N(<# N(<'A# N(<'=# 5anc1este" and Di00e"ential 5anc1este" a"e e@am&les o0
a. Di,ital5to5di,ital encodin,
b. Di7ital'to'analo7 encodin7
c. analo7'to'di7ital encodin7
d. analo7'to'analo7 encodin7
3
11. 45 and F5 a"e e@am&les o0
a. Di7ital'to'di7ital modulation
b. Di7ital'to'analo7 modulation
c. analo7'to'di7ital modulation
d. analo,5to5analo, modulation
12. B1ic1 o0 t1e 0ollo2in7 is most a00ected !y noiseC
a. :S>
b. FS>
c. 4S>
d. Q'7
13. =0 t1e !aud "ate is 400 0o" a 4':S> si7nal# t1e !it "ate is
a. 6!! b0s
b. 400 !&s
c. 1,00 !&s
14. =0 t1e !it "ate 0o" an 4S> si7nal is 1200 !&s# t1e !aud "ate is
a. "!! bauds
b. ,00 !auds
c. 300 !auds
1+. =0 t1e !it "ate 0o" an FS> si7nal is 1200 !&s# t1e !aud "ate is
a. "!! bauds
b. 300 !auds
c. ,00 !auds
1,. =0 t1e !it "ate 0o" an $'*45 si7nal is 3000 !&s# t1e !aud "ate is
a. !!! bauds
b. ?000 !auds
c. 24000 !auds
1-. B1ic1 o0 t1e 0ollo2in7 encodin7 met1ods does not &"oide 0o" sync1"oni9ationC
a. N)85L
b. (<
c. 5anc1este"
1$. Dien an 45 si7nal 2it1 a !and2idt1 o0 10 >.9 and t1e 1i71est 0"e6uency com&onent at
-0+ >.9# 21at is t1e 0"e6uency o0 t1e ca""ie" si7nalC
a. 9!! 2H:
b. -0+ >.9
c. -10 >.9
1?. One 0acto" in t1e accu"acy o0 a "econst"ucted :C5 si7nal is
a. T1e si7nal !and2idt1
b. The baud rate
c. T+e number of bits used for 1uanti:ation
20. B1ic1 cone"sion ty&e needs sam&lin7 o0 t1e dataC
a. Di7ital'to'di7ital cone"sion
b. Di7ital'to'analo7 cone"sion
c. 'nalo,5to5di,ital [Link]
d. 4nalo7'to'analo7 cone"sion
4
Qn.#. (20 &ts.)
a. (+ &oints) Find t1e minimum !and2idt1 0o" a 4S> si7nal t"ansmittin7 at 2 >!&s. 4ssume
t1e t"ansmission mode is 1al0'du&le@ and t1at "E0.
'ns-er:
8aud "ate E num!e" o0 si7nal elements sent &e" second E 1000 !auds
8it "ate E 8aud "ate @ num!e" o0 !its &e" !aud E 1000 @ 4 E 4 >!&s
b. (+ &oints) Dien a !and2idt1 o0 + >.9 0o" an 4S> si7nal# 21at a"e t1e !aud "ate and t1e
!it "ateC
'ns-er:
=n 4S> t1e !aud "ate is e6ual to t1e !it "ate. T1e"e0o"e# !aud "ate E 2000 !auds. 4n 4S> si7nal
"e6ui"es a minimum !and2idt1 e6ual to its !aud "ate. T1e"e0o"e# t1e minimum !and2idt1 is 2
>.9.
c. (+ &oints) Find t1e minimum !and2idt1 0o" an FS> si7nal t"ansmittin7 at 1?.2 >!&s.
T"ansmission is in 1al0'du&le@ mode and t1e ca""ie"s must !e se&a"ated !y 30 >.9.
'ns-er:
=n 4S> t1e !aud "ate is e6ual to t1e !and2idt1 and e6ual to t1e !it "ate. T1e"e0o"e# !aud "ate E
+000 !auds and !it "ate E + >!&s.
d. (+ &oints) Find t1e minimum !and2idt1 0o" an 4':S> si7nal (4 &1ase s1i0ts a"e used)
t"ansmittin7 at 2 >!&s. T"ansmission is in 1al0'du&le@ mode.
'ns-er:
Fo" FS># i0 00 and 01 a"e t1e ca""ie" 0"e6uencies used 0o" 0 and 1# t1en
8and2idt1 E 8aud (ate F (01 00)
.o2ee"# t1e !aud "ate 1e"e is t1e same as t1e !it "ate. T1e"e0o"e#
8and2idt1 E 8it (ate F (01 00) E 1?.2 F 30 E 4?.2 >.9.
+
Qn.4. (10 &oints) Data is to !e t"ansmitted oe" a oice 7"ade tele&1one line. 4ssume t1at t1e mean
si7nal to noise &o2e" "atio is e6ual to 20 d8.
a.($ &ts.) >no2in7 t1at E!)No E (S)N) @ (B)()# dete"mine t1e ma@imum data "ate t1at can !e
o!tained i0 E!)No E 10 d8.
'ns-er:
(E!)No)d8 E 10 lo7(S)N) F 10lo7B ' 10lo7(
T1e"e0o"e#
10lo7( E 20 F 10lo74000 10
T1at is
( E 10
4.,
E 40 >!&s.
b.(2 &ts.) Dete"mine in t1at case t1e !and2idt1 e00iciency.
'ns-er:
8and2idt1 e00iciency E ()B E 10.
,
Qn.$. (3+ &oints) 4 system is desi7ned to sam&le analo7 olta7e si7nals usin7 a 3'!it :C5 codec.
4ssume t1at t1e olta7e alues a"e in t1e "an7e o0 0 to + Golts.
a. (, &ts.) S3etc1 and !"ie0ly desc"i!e t1e a"ious sta7es o0 a :C5 codec.
Sam0lin,: T1e in&ut analo7 data si7nal is sam&led at t2ice t1e 1i71est si7ni0icant
0"e6uency o0 t1e data si7nal. Eac1 sam&le "e&"esents a na""o2 &ulse 21ose am&litude is
&"o&o"tional to t1e alue o0 t1e o"i7inal data si7nal. T1is &"ocess is 3no2n as :ulse
4m&litude 5odulation (:45).
Quanti:ation: T1e :45 &ulses a"e 6uanti9ed# 21ic1 consists o0 t1e assi7nment o0 disc"ete
alues to t1e :45 &ulses. T1e disc"ete alues a"e a&&"o@imations o0 t1e am&litudes o0 t1e
:45 &ulses.
;odin,: Eac1 disc"ete alue is encoded in an n'!it inte7e". T1e"e0o"e# 2
n
si7nal leels a"e
aaila!le 0o" a&&"o@imatin7 t1e :45 &ulses.
b. (4 &ts.) Name and !"ie0ly desc"i!e t1e ty&e o0 e""o"s)noise t1at may !e int"oduced !y a :C5
codec.
'liasin, Error: B1en sam&lin7 is &e"0o"med at a "ate less t1an t1e Ny6uist "ate.
Quanti:ation Error: Caused !y t1e 0act t1at a counta!le num!e" o0 disc"ete si7nal leels
a"e used to a&&"o@imate an uncounta!le num!e" o0 si7nal leels. T1is e""o" is "educed !y
inc"easin7 t1e num!e" o0 leels# i.e. t1e num&!e" od 6uanti9ation ste&s. T1is "e6ui"es t1e
use o0 mo"e !its
c. (1 &t.) =nto 1o2 many 7"ou&s does t1is 3'!it codec diide t1e in&ut olta7eC
2
3
7"ou&s.
d. (2 &ts.) 4&&"o@imately# 1o2 many deci!els a"e 7ained !y t1e addition o0 eac1 !itC
4"ound , deci!els.
-
Sam&lin7 *uanti9ation Codin7
1001010101001
8it st"eam
4nalo7 data in&ut
4nalo7 olta7e
Continous time
:45 &ulses
4nalo7 olta7e
Disc"ete time
4nalo7 data in&ut
Disc"ete olta7e
Disc"ete time
e. (2 &ts.) B1at is t1e "esolution o0 t1is 3'!it codecC
'ns-er:
(esolution E +)2
3
E 0.,2+ Golt.
f. (2 &ts.) B1at is t1e 6uanti9ation e""o" o0 t1is 3'!it codecC
'ns-er:
*uanti9ation E""o" E (esolution)2 E 0.312+ Golt.
,. (+ &ts.) Die t1e analo7 olta7es and t1e co""es&ondin7 di7ital alues t1at 2ill !e used !y t1is
3'!it codec.
'ns-er:
0 0.,2+ 1.2+ 1.$-+ 2.+ 3.12+ 3.-+ 4.3-+ +
H 000 H 001 H 010 H 011 H 100 H 101 H 110 H 111 H
+. (+ &ts.) B1at !it st"eam out&ut 2ill occu" 0"om t1e 0ollo2in7 olta7e in&utsC
1.2+ 3.21 +.+ 3.-+ 0.,
001 101 111 101 000
i. (2 &ts.) =0 t1e 0"e6uency o0 t1e in&ut si7nal is 4 >.9# 21at sam&lin7 "ate s1ould !e used to
aoid aliasin7C
'ns-er:
Sam&lin7 (ate IE $ >.9
<. (3 &ts.) Su&&ose t1at t1e in&ut olta7e is sam&led at +0J mo"e t1an t1e Ny6uist "ate# 21at !it
"ate 2ould !e 7ene"ated out o0 t1e codec.
'ns-er:
8it (ate E $000 @ 1.+ @ 3 E 3, >!&s
k. (3 &ts.) Su&&ose t1at t1e codec "esolution 1as !een im&"oed so t1at t1e !it "ate out&ut 0"om t1e
codec !ecomes +, >!&s. B1at 2ill !e in t1at case t1e !and2idt1 "e6ui"ed to t"ansmit t1e a!oe
di7iti9ed analo7 olta7e i0 t1e c1annel 1as a si7nal'to'noise "atio o0 30 deci!els.
'ns-er:
BE +,000)(lo72(1FSN()) E +,000)( lo72(1F1000)) E +., >.9
$
Qn.=. (+ &oints) 4ssume t1at a tele&1one line is e6uali9ed to allo2 !and&ass data t"ansmission
oe" a 0"e6uency "an7e o0 300 to 3400.9. Fo" "E0# ealuate t1e "e6ui"ed !and2idt1 0o" 2400
!&s *45. =s t1e !and2idt1 ade6uateC (ecall t1at 8T E (1F")()!# 21e"e ! is t1e num!e" o0 !its
sent &e" !aud.
'ns-er:
8T E (1F")()! is t1e t"ansmission !and2idt1# and t1e aaila!le line !and2idt1 is 4000 .9. Fo"
*45# !E2. Since (E 2400 !&s# 8T E ()2 E 1200 .9# 21ic1 0its 2it1in t1e aaila!le !and2idt1.
Qn.9. (10 &oints) 4 communication system is used to send 1000 4SC== c1a"acte"s.
a. (2 &ts.) =0 async1"onous t"ansmission is used 2it1 1 sta"t !it# 1 &a"ity !it# and 1 sto& !it# 21at
&e"centa7e o0 total !and2idt1 2ill !e 2astedC
'ns-er: Baste E 3)10 E 30J
b. (3 &ts.) =0 sync1"onous t"ansmission is used to send t1e 1000 c1a"acte"s as one !loc3# 2it1 $
sync1"oni9ation !its# 1 Sta"t Delimite" !yte# + !ytes as 1eade" in0o"mation# 1 End Delimite"
!yte# and 2 !ytes 0o" e""o" cont"ol# 21at &e"centa7e o0 total !and2idt1 2ill !e 2astedC
'ns-er: Baste E $0)-0$0 E 1.123J
c. (+ &ts.) B1ic1 0o"m o0 t"ansmission is !ette"# sync1"onous o" async1"onousC Discuss.
'ns-er:
Sync1"onous t"ansmission is a su&e"io" 0o"m o0 t"ansmission. =t allo2s a su&e"io" 0o"m o0 e""o"
cont"ol and "esults in !ette" !and2idt1 e00iciency. 4sync1"onous communication is "ecommended
21en t1e data to !e t"ansmitted consist o0 s1o"t !loc3s o0 Kust 0e2 !its eac1 (suc1 as one o" a cou&le
o0 !ytes).
?
Qn.6. (1+ &ts.) Su&&ose t1at a sin7le 0"e6uency ca""ie" si7nal c(t) at 0"e6uency 0cE 1 5.9 is 45
modulated !y a sin7le 0"e6uency data si7nal @(t) at 0"e6uency 0@E10 >.9. S3etc1 t1e s&ect"um
o0 t1e "esultin7 45 modulated si7nal.
a. (+ &ts.) Su&&ose t1at a sin7le 0"e6uency ca""ie" si7nal c(t) at 0"e6uency 0cE 1 5.9 is 45
modulated !y a sin7le 0"e6uency data si7nal @(t) at 0"e6uency 0@E10 >.9. S3etc1 t1e s&ect"um
o0 t1e "esultin7 45 modulated si7nal.
b. (+ &ts.) Su&&ose t1at t1e ca""ie" si7nal c(t) is 45 modulated !y a data si7nal @(t) 21ose
!and2idt1 e@tends 0"om 100 to 200 >.9. S3etc1 t1e s&ect"um o0 t1e "esultin7 45 modulated
si7nal.
c. (+ &ts.) Su&&ose t1at t1e ca""ie" si7nal c(t) is F5 modulated 2it1 a data si7nal o0 !and2idt1
e@tendin7 0"om 0 to 100 >.9. 4ssume t1at t1e F5 modulation "esults in a !and2idt1 + times
t1at o0 t1e data si7nal. S3etc1 in t1at case t1e "esultin7 s&ect"um.
10
F"e6uency 0
0c 0c F0@ 0c '0@ '0c F0@ '0c '0@ '0c
1 5.9 .? 1.1 .$ 1.2
F"e6uency 0
'1 '.?
1
'.$
1.01
'1.1 '1.2
.??
F"e6uency 0 1 5.9 .+ 1.+ '1 '.+ '1.+
LS8 AS8
LS8 AS8
LS8 AS8
LS8 AS8