Injective (1-1) and Surjective (onto) Examples ( : f )
1
1. : Domain Codomain where ( )
2
This function is not onto as there is no in the domain such that ( ) 0.
This means that the Codomain is not equal to the Range, since the Codomain contains 0.
Al
f f x
x
x f x
so, for all in (a) ( ) if and only if (iff) .
Therefore ( ) this function is 1-1 and not onto.
a,b f f b a =b
3 2
2. : where ( ) ( 1)
In this case for all in (a) ( ) if and only if (iff) . So the function is 1 1.
Also, for every in the Codomain, there exists an in the Domain such that ( ).
T
f f x x x x x
a,b f f b a =b
y x y = f x
his means that the Codomain is equal to the range and hence that the function is onto.
This function is 1-1 and onto.
2
3. : where ( ) 2 1 ( 2) 1
In this case (0) (2) 1. So the function is not 1 1.
Also, for every in the Domain, ( ) 0.
Can't see why? Graph it, or use derivatives (will learn this in later weeks).
f f x x x x x
f f
x f x
This means that the Codomain ( ) is not equal to the range ( ) 0 (not onto).
This function is not 1-1 and not onto.
R= x in f x
2
4. : where ( )
In this case (2) ( 2) 4. Sothe function is not 1 1. Also, here ( ) 0.
This means that the Codomain ( ) is not equal to the range ( ) 0 (not onto).
This function is not 1-1 and not
f f x x
f f f x
R= x in f x
onto.
3 2 2 2
5. : where ( ) 3 9 10 ( 9) 3 10
In this case for all in ( ) ( ) iff . So the function is 1 1.
Also, for every in the Codomain, there exists an in the Domain such that ( ).
Th
f f x x x x x x x
a,b f a f b a =b
y x y = f x
is means that the Codomain is equal to the range and hence that the function is onto.
This function is 1-1 and onto.
3 2 2 2
6. : where ( ) 3 9 10 ( 9) 3 10
In this case (3) ( 3) [Link] the function is not 1 1.
Also, for every in the Codomain, there exists an in the Domain such that ( ).
This means that the
f f x x x x x x x
f f
y x y = f x
Codomain is equal to the range and hence that the function is onto.
This function is onto and not 1-1.
4
7. : where ( )
3 3
This function is not onto as there is no in the domain such that ( ) 0.
This means that the Codomain is not equal to the Range, since the Codomain contains 0.
Also, for all
f f x
x
x f x
a,b
in (a) ( ) if and only if (iff) .
this function is 1-1 and not onto.
f f b a =b
More examples in the first 2 questions of Quiz 3 here (exit/re-enter quiz to get new examples):
[Link]
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