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SigmaStat Guide for SigmaPlot Users

The document discusses statistical methods for analyzing experimental data, including hypothesis testing, t-tests, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and post-hoc tests. It explains how to calculate and interpret key statistics like means, standard deviations, t-statistics, F-ratios, and p-values. Graphs and diagrams are provided to illustrate statistical concepts and procedures.

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sdmonteleone
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
102 views470 pages

SigmaStat Guide for SigmaPlot Users

The document discusses statistical methods for analyzing experimental data, including hypothesis testing, t-tests, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and post-hoc tests. It explains how to calculate and interpret key statistics like means, standard deviations, t-statistics, F-ratios, and p-values. Graphs and diagrams are provided to illustrate statistical concepts and procedures.

Uploaded by

sdmonteleone
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

033

Graph ies dialog box

=
=
=
=
=
t
x
n
x

where
sample mean
hypothesized population mean
sample standard deviation
n sample size

x t
,n-1

= t
difference between the means of the two groups
standard error of the difference between the means

= =
sum of squares between groups
degrees of freedom between groups
SS between
DF between
MS between

= =
sum of squares within groups
degrees of freedom within groups
SS within
DF within
MS within

= =
estimated population variance between groups
estimated population variance within groups
MS between
MS within
F

= =
sum of squares for the factor
degrees of freedom for the factor
SS
DF
MS
factor
factor
factor

= =
sum of squares for the interaction
degrees of freedom for the interaction
SS
DF
MS
inter
inter
inter

= =
error sum of squares
error degrees of freedom
SS
DF
MS
error
error
error

= =
M S
M S
F
mean square for the factor
mean square of the error
error
factor
factor

= =
MS
F
mean square for the interaction
mean square of the error MS
inter
error
inter

= t
mean difference of the subjects before after
standard error of the mean difference

= =
sum of squares between groups
degrees of freedom between groups
SS
DF
MS
between
between
between

= =
sum of squares within groups
degrees of freedom with in groups
SS
DF
MS
within
within
within

= =
estimated population variance between groups
estimated population variance within groups
MS
MS
F
between
within

= =
sum of squares for the factor
degrees of freedom for the factor
SS
DF
MS
factor
factor
factor

= =
sum of squares for the interaction
degrees of freedom for the interaction
SS
DF
MS
inter
inter
inter

= =
error sum of squares
error degrees of freedom
SS
DF
MS
error
error
error

= =
mean square for the factor
error mean square for the factor
MS
MS
F
factor
factor
factor

= =
mean square for the interaction
error mean square for the interaction
MS
MS
F
inter
inter
inter

=
difference of the sample proportions
standard error of the sample proportions
z

=
observed expected numbers percell
expected numbers percell
( )
2
2

=
observed expected numbers per cell
expected numbers per cell
( )
2
2

= RR
Probability of event in treatment group
Probability of event in control group

= OR
Odds of event in treatment group
Odds of event in control group

= t
regression coefficient
standard error of regression coefficient

= b
s
s
x
y
1 1

= =
sum of squares due to regression
regression degrees of freedom
SS
DF
MS
reg
reg
reg

= =
residual sum of squares
residual degrees of freedom
SS
DF
MS
res
res
res

= =
regression variation from the dependent variable mean
residual variation about the regression line
MS
MS
F
reg
res

+ k
n
1

= b
s
s
i i
x
y
b

+ k
n
1

+ k
n
2( 1)

= b
s
s
i i
x
y

= t
regression coefficient
standard error of regression coefficient

= =
sum of squares due to regression
regression degrees of freedom
SS
DF
MS
reg
reg
reg

= =
residual sum of squares
residual degrees of freedom
SS
DF
MS
res
res
res

= =
regression variation from the dependent variable mean
residual variation about the regression curve
MS
MS
F overall
reg
res

= =
regression variation from the dependent variable mean
residual variation about the regression line
MS
MS
F
reg
res

+ k
n
( 1)

= =
+
+ + +
P y
e
( 1)
1
1
b b x b x b x ( ) ...
k k 0 1 1 2 2

= z
b
s
i
b
2
2
i

s
b
i

= = Odds
P
p 1

= e
G
1

e
b z
a
s
( )
2
i b
i
1

s
b
i

Z
1
2

+ k
n
( 1)

+ k
n
2( 1)

=
+
+ + + +
P
e
1
1
b b x b x b x ( ) ...
k k 0 1 1 2 2

= Logit P ln
P
P 1

+ y y
( ) ( ) ( )
2 ln 1 ln 1
i
n
i i i i

= z
b
s
i
b
2
i

s
b
i

= e
G
1

y
( ) 1
i i
i i

=
+ =
ln

for y
ln

for y
( )
2
1
1
0
2
1
1
i
i
i
i

+ k
n
( 1)

= b
s
s
i i
x
y
i

= =
residual sum of squares
residual degrees offreedom
SS
DF
MS
res
res
res

= =
incremental sum of squares
incremental degrees of freedom
SS
DF
MS
incr
incr
incr

=
incremental variation from the dependent variable mean
residual variation about the regression curve
MS
MS
incr
res

=
regression variation from the dependent variable mean
residual variation about the regression curve
MS
MS
reg
res

= =
residual sum of squares
residual degrees offreedom
SS
DF
MS
res
res
res

=
regression variation from the dependent variable mean
residual variation about the regression curve
MS
MS
reg
res

= b
s
s
i i
x
y
i

+ k
n
( 1)

+ k
n
2( 1)

= b
s
s
i i
x
y

+ k
n
( 1)

+ k
n
2( 1)

= =
sum of squares due to regression
regression of degrees of freedom
SS
DF
MS
reg
reg
reg

= =
residual sum of squares
residual degrees of freedom
SS
DF
MS
reg
reg
res

= =
regression variation from the dependent variable mean
residual variation about the regression curve
MS
MS
F
reg
res
overall

= =
x
x x
x x
M S
MSresx x
F
regression variation
from the dependent
variable mean associated
with adding when
, ..., are already
in the equation
residual variation about the
regression containing , ...,
, ...,
j
j
x x x
i j
enter
1 1
1
,...,
j 1 2 1

+ k n
n
( )

= =
error sum of squares
error degrees of freedom
SS
DF
MS
error
error
error

= t
regression coefficient
standard error of regression coefficient

+
+
min
a b
a bx y
yk
b
xk
( )
,
2
2
k
k k
2
2

=
+
+
=
n
a bk y
b
( ) 1
2 k
x k
yk xk
2
2 2 2

O E E
( ) ( ) /
i i i
2

= + + + h t X X X h t exp b X b X b X ( ) ( ) , , , ( )
n n n 1 2 0 1 1 2 2

=
= + +
= + +
H t S t
H t X X H t b X b X
S t X X S t b X b X
( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) log ( )
, , , ( )
, , , ( )
n n n
n n n
0 0
0 0
exp
0
0 0
exp
0

Index

Index

Index

Index

Index

Index

Index

Index

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