IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308

__________________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 03 Special Issue: 03 | May-2014 | NCRIET-2014, Available @ [Link] 883
CONVENIENT VOTING MACHINE

Chinna V Gowdar
1
, Palle Jeevan Kumar
2
, Akash Reddy.R.S
3
, Santosh Kumar.K
4
, Sameena
5
1
[Link], Dept of ECE, R.Y.M Engineering College, Bellary, Karnataka, India

2
Student (BE 8
TH
SEM), Dept of ECE, R.Y.M Engineering College, Bellary, Karnataka, India

3
Student (BE 8
TH
SEM), Dept of ECE, R.Y.M Engineering College, Bellary, Karnataka, India
4
Student (BE 8
TH
SEM), Dept of ECE, R.Y.M Engineering College, Bellary, Karnataka, India
5
Student (BE 8
TH
SEM), Dept of ECE, R.Y.M Engineering College, Bellary, Karnataka, India

Abstract
An electronic voting (e-voting) system is a polling system in which the election statistics is recorded, stored and processed mainly as
numerical information. There are two types of e-voting: On-Line and Offline. On-line, e.g. via Internet, and offline, by using a voting
machine or an electronic voting booth. Verification of Voters, Safety of voting process, Locking voted data are the chief challenge of
e-voting. This is the reason why planning a secure e-voting system is very important. In many presentations, the safety of the system
depends mainly on the black box voting device. But security of data, confidentiality of the voters and the exactness of the vote are also
main features that have to be taken into observation while building secure e-voting system. In this project the authenticating voters
and voting data security aspects for e-voting systems was chatted. It guarantees that vote casting cannot be altered by unofficial
person. The voter verification in online e-voting process can be done by official registration through supervisors and by entering one
time password. In Offline e-voting process confirmation can be done using finger vein identifying which permits the electronic ballot
retuned for allowing voters to cast their votes. Also the voted data and voters statistics can be sent to the nearby Database
Supervision unit in a timely custom using GSM System based on .NET with cryptography technique.

Keywords: Fingerprint; .NET; Offline e-voting; Online e-voting; Electronic voting.
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1. INTRODUCTION
As the current communications and Internet, today are almost
accessible electronically, the computer technology customers,
brings the amassed need for electronic services and their
safety. Usages of new technology in the voting process
develop the elections in normal. This new technology refers to
electronic voting systems where the election statistics is
recorded, stored and processed mainly as digital statistics. In
the earlier, usually, information security was used generally in
military and government institutions. But, now necessity for
this type of security is growing in daily usage. In computing,
eservices and information security it is necessary to confirm
that data, communications or official papers (electronic or
physical) are sufficient protected and privacy enabled.
Advances in cryptographic techniques allow appealing good
privacy on e-voting systems.

Security is a heart of e-voting process. Therefore the
requirement of scheming a secure e-voting system is real
important. Usually, mechanisms that certify the security and
confidentiality of an election can be slow, costly for election
supervisors, and problematic for voters.

There are different levels of e-voting security. Therefore
thoughtful methods must be taken to keep it out of public
dominion. Also, security must be realistic to skin votes from
publicity. There is no measurement for satisfactory security
level, because the levelrely on type of the data. An satisfactory
security level is always a negotiation between usability and
strength of security method.

The authenticating voters and voting data security aspects for
e-voting systems are discussed here. It ensures that vote
casting cannot be altered by unofficial person. The voter
authentication in online e-voting process can be done by
formal registration through administrators and by entering
OTP Certificate. In Offline e-voting process verification can
be done using fingerprint sensing and RFID (smart cards)
which permits the electronic ballot rearrange for permitting
voters to cast their votes. Also the voted data and voters
details can be sent to the nearby Database Supervision unit in
a timely manner using GSM System with cryptography
technique.

The criteria are Registration through Supervisor, Voter
identification and verification process is completed through
GSM with one time password. The second Offline e-voting
process includes Fingerprint sensing, RFID and Voting data
processing using Cryptography Technique with RC4
Algorithm. The final process defines the analysis of voting
data in real time and immediate resulting system of e-voting
system.



IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308

__________________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 03 Special Issue: 03 | May-2014 | NCRIET-2014, Available @ [Link] 884
2. ELECTRONIC VOTING SYSTEMS
An electronic voting system is a polling system in which the
election statistics is recorded, stored and processed mainly as
digital information. E-voting is chatted as electronic voting
and distinct as any voting modeling process where an
electronic means is cast-off for votes and results counting. E-
voting is an election system that licenses a voter to record
their ballots in a electrically secured system. A number of
electronic voting systems are used in huge applications like
optical scanners which read manually marked ballots to
exclusively electronic touch screen voting systems. Expert
voting systems like DRE (direct recording electronic) voting
systems, RFID, national IDs, the Internet, computer networks,
and cellular structures are also used in voting processes [1].

2.1 Securities of the e-voting Systems
The main goal of a secure e-voting is to confirm the privacy of
the voters and correctness of the votes. A secure e-voting
system are fulfils the following requirements, Eligibility: only
votes of reasonable voters shall be taken into account; Unre-
usability: each voter is allowed to cast one vote; Anonymity:
votes are set secret; Exactness: cast ballot cannot be changed.
Therefore, it must not be likely to delete ballots nor to add
ballots, once the election has been closed; Fairness:
incomplete tabulation is not possible; Vote and go: once a
voter has casted their vote, no additional action preceding to
the end of the election; Public verifiability: anyone should be
able to freely check the cogency of the whole voting process.

2.2 Issues of Present Voting System
There have been several studies on using computer
technologies to develop elections these studies attention
against the threats of moving too speedily to approve
electronic voting system, because of the software engineering
tasks, insider extortions, network struggles, and the challenges
of examining. Accuracy: It is not possible for a vote to be
changed removed the invalid vote cannot be calculated from
the finally tally .Democracy: It licenses only authorized
voters to vote and, it confirms that qualified voters, vote only
once. Privacy: Neither expert witness nor anyone else can link
any ballot to the voter verifiability: Independently verification
of that all votes have been counted correctly. Resistance: No
electoral entity (any server playing a part in the election) or
group of objects, running the election can work in a plan to
introduce votes or to prevent voters from voting. Availability:
The system works properly as long as the poll stands and any
voter can have access to it from the beginning to the end of the
poll. Resume Ability: The system permits any voter to disturb
the voting process to resume it or restart it while the poll
stands.

The present elections were done in traditional way, using
ballot, ink and tallying the votes later. But the proposed
system avoids the election from being accurate. Problems
faced during the usual elections are as follows:
It requires human contribution, in tallying the
votes that makes the elections time intense and
prone to human error.
The voter finds the event boring resulting to a
lesser number of voters.
Deceiving election mechanism.
Continuous spending funds for the elections staff
are provided so, the suggested electronic voting
system has to be addressed with these problems.

2.3 Proposed System of Online e-Voting
The process of voter registering before the election process is
always done by Supervisor as follows the before. Registration
phase begins by filling the Voter information such as Solitary
Voter ID (11-digit number KA/99/0000012 In this, KA
specifies the State, Next two digit specifies District Id and
third one specifies the Unique id for each qualified voter),
Name, Age, Sex, Address and District in the database, voting
questions answer and GSM one time password. This condition
is stratification means person has in force the voting unit.

3. OFFLINE E-VOTING SYSTEMS
3.1 Fingerprint Recognition
Fingerprint recognition or fingerprint verification refers to the
automated method of verifying a match between two human
fingerprints. Fingerprints are one of many forms of biometrics
used to identify individuals and verify their identity. A
fingerprint looks at the arrays found on a fingertip. There are a
range of methods to fingerprint verification. Some match the
old-style police method of matching form; others use straight
details matching devices and still others are a bit more
exclusive, including stuffs like moir fringe patterns and
ultrasonic. A greater variability of fingerprint devices are
available than for any other biometric. Fingerprint verification
may be a good optimum for in e-voting systems, where you
can give users suitable explanation and teaching, and where
the system functions in a organized environment. It is not
amazing that the workstation entrance application area seems
to be based almost completely on fingerprints, due to the
pretty low cost, small size, and ease of blend of fingerprint
confirmation devices that will be employed is shown in Fig.1
[2].
IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308

__________________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 03 Special Issue: 03 | May-2014 | NCRIET-2014, Available @ [Link] 885


Fig -1: Finger Print Enrolment and Verification

proof devices, sustaining not only internal data security, but
also a safe communications channel with the external world.

Finger vein has three hardware modules: image acquisition
component, DSP main board, and human machine
communication piece. The structure diagram of the system is
shown in Fig. 4. The image acquisition module is used to save
finger-vein pictures. The DSP main board containing the DSP
chip, memory (flash), and communication port is used to
implement the finger vein algorithm and communicate with
the central device. The human machine communication
element (LED) is used to display credit results and receive
inputs from users.



Fig -2: The flow-chart of the suggested recognition algorithm

The suggested finger-vein recognition algorithm contains two
stages: the enrollment stage and the authentication stage. Both
stages start with finger-vein image pre-processing, which
contains detection of the region of interest (ROI), image
segmentation, arrangement, and enrichment. For the
enrollment stage, after the pre-processing and the feature
concept step, the finger-vein pattern database is built. For the
authentication stage, the input finger-vein image is
synchronized with the parallel template after its features are
removed. Fig. 2 shows the flow chart of the suggested
algorithm. Some different methods may have been suggested
for finger-vein matching. Considering the computation
difficulty, efficiency, and practicability, however, we suggest
a novel method based on the fractal theory, which will be
introduced in Section 4 in detail.

3.2 Image acquisition
To obtain high quality near-infrared (NIR) images, a special
device was developed for attaining the images of the finger
vein without being affected by ambient temperature.
Generally, finger-vein patterns can be imaged based on the
values of light reflection or light transmission. We developed
a finger-vein imaging device centered on light transmission
for more distinct imaging. Our device mainly includes the
following modules: a monochromatic camera of resolution
580 600 pixels, daylight cut-off sifts (lights with the
wavelength less than 800 nm are cut off), see-through acryl
(thickness is 10 mm), and the NIR light source. The structure
of this device is clarified in Fig. 3. The see-through acryl
serves as the stage for locating the finger and removing
uneven illumination [3].



Fig -3: An example raw finger-vein copy taken by our device

The NIR light exposes the back side of the finger. In, a light-
emitting diode (LED) was used as the explanation source for
NIR light. With the LED clarification source, however, the
shadow of the finger-vein perceptibly appears in the captured
images. To address this problem, an NIR laser diode (LD) was
used in our system. Co-ordinated with LED, LD has stronger
penetrability and higher power. In our device, the wavelength
of LD is 808 nm. Fig. 4 shows an example erratic finger-vein
image captured by using our device.



Fig-4: Illustration of the imaging device

IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308

__________________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 03 Special Issue: 03 | May-2014 | NCRIET-2014, Available @ [Link] 886
4. OFFLINE E-VOTING PROCESSES
When the voter enters the voting place, he/she must have same
kind of valid identity, which has been stowed in the database
for Authentication. Certified person choose to offline e-voting
system. There are three conditions for legal identity
Verification to permit voting section system that will be
executed is shown in Figure 5

Condition1: Capture the finger vein image and match to
database, capture finger vein and database finger vein
coordinated means this person will be valid for voting unit and
if two conditions are stratified automatically, E-voting
machine buttons will be activate or else deactivate buttons.



Fig -5: Offline E-Voting Block Diagram

5. ONLINE E -VOTING PROCESS
When the voter pass in the voting place, he must have same
kind of valid identity, which has been stowed in database
verification, approved person choose to online e-voting
system. Two conditions are definite to allow voting section.

Condition1: When a poll worker approves that the voter is
registered, login the website ,type voter ID no and password
correct means go to next state, answer to voting question ,this
answer correct means go to next state finger print matched to
database , matched means this person valid to next condition
otherwise naturally closed web site.


Fig -6: Authentication Sequence Diagram

Condition2: Arbitrarily generated to one time password will
be impulsively sending through SMS to the approved persons
mobile device using GSM. Then approved person type the
password, if password correct means then he enters into the
voting window [1].



Fig -7: Voting Sequence Diagram

6. SCREEN SHORT RESULT


Fig -8: User registration

IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308

__________________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 03 Special Issue: 03 | May-2014 | NCRIET-2014, Available @ [Link] 887


Fig -9: Admin login



Fig -10: user finger print enrollment



Fig -11: voter candidate registration


Fig -12: user ID verification



Fig 13: finger print verification



Fig 14: one time password

IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308

__________________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 03 Special Issue: 03 | May-2014 | NCRIET-2014, Available @ [Link] 888


Fig 15: online e-voting page



Fig 16: SQL database user tables

7. CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE
ENHANCEMENT
Electronic voting systems have many advantages over the
traditional way of voting. Some of these advantages are lesser
cost, faster tabulation of results, improved accessibility,
greater accuracy, and lower risk of human and mechanical
errors. It is very difficult to design ideal e-voting system
which can allow security and privacy on the high level with no
compromise. Future enhancements focused to design a system
which can be easy to use and will provide security and privacy
of votes on satisfactory level by focused the verification and
processing section .In case of online e-voting some
verification parameters like facial recognition, In case of
offline e-voting some verification constraints like, Finger Vein
and iris matching detection can be done.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We are very much thankful to Mrs. Chinna V. Gowdar for
whom nothing is challenging in this world & we are very
much gratified that she gave chance to complete this work in
time to us. We would also like to be very much gratifying to
worthy [Link] Gurubasavaraj, chief patrons,
[Link],chairpearson,[Link],Se
cretary, [Link] Reddy, Principal, [Link] sonoli,
Head of the ECE Department , R.Y.M. Engineering college.

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