Tutorial Mechanical Simulation with Pro/ENGINEER Wildfire 4.

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Tutorial Mechanical Simulation
Pro/ENGINEER Wildfire 4.0





To use this Tutorial

Make sure-you that Pro/ENGINEER and the simulation option
Pro/ENGINEER Mechanica have been successfully installed on your
workstation.


If you are using the guide in html format: Open the latter in a separate
window (to the left on the picture) and change the size of the window
Pro/ENGINEER in order to simultaneously view two windows.


Read well all the particulars, and in the case of the html guide, use the
cursor to the right of the window to scroll through the entire content.
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Dynamic Simulation with "Mechanism Dynamics" (MDO)


Exercise 1, Task 1: Complete the definition of the connections and the shock absorber spring


Exercise 1, Task 1-1: Open and manipulate the sub-assembly [Link]


Open The assemble [Link] Hide plans, axs, points and marks using
the icons
Click on the icon Then Click ( and relcher) on the workpiece END_PIVOT_BOTTOM for the move to the mouse. Use To cancel.
Note 1 : The middle button Allows you to cancel the move while the left button Validates the new position of the component.


Note 2 : It is also possible to dynamically move the components (without activating the previous menu) now in the keys Ctrl - Alt of the keyboard keys
and clicking simultaneously the component (without release) with the left mouse button. In this case it is not possible to cancel the movement in
progress.


Note 3: It may be noted that the Assembly has for the moment no limit in translation, therefore it is going to add this information in the connection
between the components in order to be able to represent their movement in a more realistic way.




Experiment1, Task 1-2: Define the kinematic link


Redisplay the plans
Select the component END_PIVOT_BOTTOM on the screen or in the shaft and maintain Pressed to select the menu "Edit the definition".



In the instrument panel of the function, click on To convert the link "align" in liaison cutscene "Pivot -Slippery".


Note 1: The connections cutscenes have many adjustments to simulate the mechanism in a more realistic way. There are for example the references
zero, the limits of sway mini and maxi, the desired value in the case of regeneration of the model as well as the settings of the dynamic behavior.
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Activate the menu "Placement" in the instrument panel.

- Select the two plans ZERO on END_PIVOT_BOTTOM and HYDRO_CYLINDER as references zero for theaxis of translationumit
- Check the option "Enable the value of regeneration" and check that the latter is well marked at 0.00
- Check the option "minimum limit" and enter the value -100.00
- Check the option "maximum Limit" and enter the 0.00


Note 2: The value "Current Position" indicates the instantaneous position on the screen, it is not necessary to enter the same value as on the
image. Note 3: It is also possible to act on the limits of the axis of rotation (unnecessary in this specific case)




Select the menu "dynamic Properties" And enter a restitution coefficient of 0.5 Note 4:
a restitution coefficient of 0 indicates that all the energy will be absorbed by the shock (shock plastic), a coefficient of 1 indicates that all the energy will
be returned (elastic shock)



Validate the definition of the connection
Hide the plans and view the points using the icons

Experiment1, Task 1- 3:Add a spring


Activate the mode "mechanism" in the drop-down menu "Applications"





Note 1: The menu mechanism allows you to complement the connections cutscenes assemblies Pro/ENGINEER by elements such as springs, motors,
forces ... in order to simulate the operation of a very realistic way
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Expand the branch "Connections" of the shaft of the mechanism up to view the axis of translation of the connection
"cylinder" Click on the axis of translation and maintain Pressed to select the menu




Click on the 1

point SPRING_C (to the left) and then move the green handle on the 2 nd item

SPRING_C (right).
Note 1 : It is also possible to directly select the 2 points by keeping the Ctrl key pressed on the keyboard.





Enter the values K = 30 N/mm , U = 350 mm, and then adjust the diameter of the representation of the spring to 100 mm



Validate the definition of spring


Note 2: The springs created in the application "mechanism" are only intended for the simulation, it is not of solid components. To represent the
spring in the updates in plan of the mechanism, it is necessary to create and assemble a component 3D solid into the assembly.
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Experiment1, Task 2: Define and execute a dynamic analysis


Note 1: The initial conditions of a mechanism necessary for an analysis are a starting position + the speeds and accelerations of departure.

Experiment1, Task 2- 1:Create Snapshots


Click on the icon for manual movement of components To take images.
- Take a snapshot in the closed position and the rename "Closed"
- Take a snapshot in the open position and the rename "Open"








Click on To exit the window of moving components.

Experiment1, Task 2-2: Define the initial conditions

Click on the icon For the definition of initial conditions select the snapshot "Closed" as a
condition of departure. Note 1: It may be noted the numerous
possibilities to assign a speed of departure to a component
(Icons on the left side of the dialog box). Speed of a point, to an axis, angular speed ... Click
on To close the window
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Experiment1, Task 2- 3:Define and execute the analysis


Click on For the definition of the analysis


Note 1: The different types of analyzes are


- Rename the analysis in "Ressort_Libre"
- Select the type of analysis "Dynamic"
- Choose the option "length and number of plans image"
- Duration = 0.05
- Number of plans image = 100
- Choose the initial conditions "InitCond1" in the list


Click on To start the calculation of the analysis
click on To close the window of analysis



Experiment1, Task 2- 4:View the results


Click on To start the drive for results, and then on In the dialog box and then To start the animation





Note 1: It can be seen a bounce at the end of stroke caused by the restitution coefficient of 0.5 of the
connection. This rebound could be reduced by adding a depreciation on the cylinder.
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Experiment1, Task 2-5: Improve the dampening mechanism


Select the menu "Shock Absorber" now in the right mouse button down on the axis of
translation of the connection (visible in the shaft of the mechanism).


Enter the value C = 0.50 N sec / mm











Re-run the analysis "Ressort_Libre" in now the right mouse button pressed on the corresponding line in the shaft of the mechanism (accept the
crushing of old results).





View the result again and note the new behavior at end of stroke. Without shock
With Damper



Experiment1, Task 3: Complete the definition of the assembly CABLE_GRIP.ASM


Exercise 1, Task 3-1: Create a connection of type "Cam"


Open The assemble CABLE_GRIP.ASM (click on the acceptance button in case of displaying a warning window). Hide plans, axs,
points and marks using the icons


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Use To move the lever to the mouse.
Place the lever in a position without interference near the contact between the clamp and the cable (see 3
th
image below).





Note 1 : No limit prevents the pliers to interfere with the cable. It is possible to initiate an analysis of detection of the entire existing interference on
this assembly using the menu: Analysis / Model / overall Interference
Note 2 : It is also possible to dynamically move the components without activating the menu By now the keys Ctrl - Alt keyboard keys and
clicking simultaneously the component (without release) with the left mouse button.


Activate the mechanism mode by using the drop-down menu: Applications / Mechanism (or Mechanism)





Click on the icon To start the creation of a connection of Cam type:
- Check the option "Automatic Selection" for the "Cam 1" and select the cylindrical surface of the cable.
- Activate the tab "Cam 2" and select the cylindrical surface inside of the clamp.
- Activate the "Properties" tab and check the option "Enable the unstuck"
- Click on OK to confirm the creation of the connection "Cam"





Note 3 : The option "Automatic Selection" allows you to automatically complete the selection of surfaces to get a closed loop. This option was useful
to select all the tower of the cable, but it is not necessary for the pliers because only the cylindrical surface interior is likely to be in contact with the
cable.


Note 4 : The option "Enable the detachment" allows to simulate a contact non-permanent.
Use To move to the lever again to the mouse and observe the new behavior
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Experiment1, Task 3-2: Assemble the sub-whole of the shock absorber


Exit the mode "mechanism" and return to the "Standard" mode of Pro/ENGINEER using the drop-down menu: Applications / Standard





Click on the icon (In the icon bar to the right of the screen) to start the window to assemble a component Select the assembly
[Link] and then click on the "Open" button to start the placement.




Pre- orientthe component to assemble (approximately as shown in the image below) by simultaneously pressing the keys "Ctrl" + "Alt" the keyboard
as well as on For a rotation to the screen, or For a translation.





Select successively the different necessary references to the placement of the sub-together:
- The two cylindrical surfaces for the first end of the shock absorber.
- The two cylindrical surfaces for the second end of the shock absorber.
- The two flat surfaces for the first end of the shock absorber.



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Note 1 : In case of error of selection of references on the template, it is possible to double-click on the name of the connection (directly on the model)
or use the menu "Placement" of the instrument panel to delete the bad references and recreate them.





When the sub-assembly is properly constrained, click on To validate the assembly





Again move the lever And observe the decompression/compression of the shock absorber.





Note 2: The representation of the spring necessary to the dynamic analysis appears only when the mode "mechanism" is enabled.


Experiment1, Task 4: Define and execute the dynamic analysis of the mechanism


Exercise 1, Task 4-1: Define the analysis for assembly CABLE_GRIP.ASM


Activate the mode "mechanism" in the drop-down menu "Applications"



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Use the menu To create the snapshot "Lever_Open" with the lever in the open (cable not blocked)
Use the menu To create the Condition initiale "Lever_Init_Open" from the snapshot "Lever_Open", without condition of speed or acceleration.





Click on To create a new analysis


- Name = "Open_Release"
-Type = dynamic
- Adjustment = length and number of plans image
- Duration = 0.06 (sec)
- Number of plans image = 100
- Initial Condition (State BELOW) = Lever_Init_Open


Click on To start the analysis. Click
on When the execution is complete.









Experiment1, Task 4 -2: Create measures on the results of the analysis


Click on To open the dialog box measures



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Click on To create a new measurement.





Click on To create a new measurement.




Experiment1, Task 4 -3: Create the graphs



- Name = Cam_Normal_Force
- Type = Reaction of connection Select the
connection Cam by clicking on its icon
- Component = normal Force
- Exercised on = Cam 1
- Method of evaluation = Each not of time Click on OK to
validate the measurement and close the window








- Name = Tip_Velocity
- Type = Speed Select a summit of the geometry at the end of
the lever
- Mark = universal benchmark (default value)
- Component = Intensity
- Method of evaluation = Each not of time Click on OK to
validate the measurement and close the window


Keep the keyboard key "Ctrl" key to select simultaneously the two measures and the set of
results
- Cam_Normal_Force = measure of the normal reaction at the level of the contact cam
- Tip_Velocity = speed of the point at the end of the lever
- Open_Release = Name of the analysis used to generate the results
















Click on the icon In the dialog box to display the graph (the 2 waves are superimposed) and then close the graph
generated, check the option "Draw the graph measures separately" and display to the graph again.
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Close the window of the graph and the dialog box "Measurement Results"


Experiment1, Task 5: Transfer the loads of the dynamic analysis toward the structure


Exercise 1, Task 5-1: Define the transfer of loads to the structure


Select the drop-down menu: File / Use in Structure



















Enter the following values:
- Set of results "Open_Release"
- Body = Select the component "RAISE" (the lever)
- Component = Select the component "RAISE"
- Assess to = single Load max
- For the link Cam Follower1


Disable the few values close to zero in the list of charges. It is not
necessary to increase the calculation time with loads too low to have any
influence on the result.


Validate with


Note 1: These options allow you to detect the moment of the cutscene
or the case of load on the lever is at the maximum, and then to transfer
these loads to the solid component for its validation with
pro/Mechanica

Note 2 : Difference between body and Component:
The body can contain several components related to each other in a rigid way and behave as a single object. It is these components that
Pro/ENGINEER retrieves the loads to assign to the geometry for the calculation of structure.
The Component to select in this dialog box is the one to which the coordinate system must be used to export the loads. It must be in general select the
component that you want to validate mechanically.
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Simulation Structural and Thermal with Pro/Mechanica


Exercise 2, Task 1: Prepare the component for the structural analysis


Exercise 2, Task 1-1: Open [Link] and start Pro/Mechanica


Open The component [Link] Activate Pro/Mechanica using the drop-down
menu: Applications / Pro/Mechanica
Check the box "Do not show this message ... " in the window recalling the system of units used, and then click on "Continue"





Experiment2, Task 1-2: Check the properties of the material


Click on the icon To check the properties of the material assigned to the component.





Note 1: It can be seen that the material STEEL (Steel) is already assigned to the model. By clicking on STEEL, the entire component is displayed in
red on the screen. This technique allows you to easily analyze the different assignments of components multi - materials.


Click on To view or edit the properties of this material, and then click "OK" to close the window.





Note 1: The properties of the material include the structural characteristics, thermal, as well as various other aspects: panelwork, color ...
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Experiment2, Task 1-3: Apply the loads


Select the drop-down menu: Insert / loads of mechanism, and then click OK.





Note 1: All loads calculated during the dynamic analysis of the mechanism are assigned to the lever. It can be seen that some are assigned to a point
in space corresponding to the resolution in the mechanism: we must reallocate these point loads to the model surfaces.


Click 2x on the label of the load to enable the dialog of placement.
Note 2: It is found that the selection of references missing is enabled by default





Select the cylindrical surface on the inside end of the lever, preview the load with , And then To validate. Repeat
this operation for the 2
th
load to apply on the same surface (in total there is a force and a torque to apply)



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Repeat this operation for the other charges which apply to cylindrical surfaces at the other end of the lever.




Experiment2, Task 1-4: Apply the constraints


Note 1: Up in Wildfire 2.0 it was necessary to lay down a few points, edges or surfaces to be able to perform a structural analysis. These
necessary constraints to the balance of loads were often difficult to place on the mobile components as they might distort the results of the
calculation.
The module Pro/Mechanica Pro/ENGINEER Wildfire 4.0 allows you to run an analysis on a model not forced in travel, simply by selecting the option
"Loading of inertial balance". The information necessary for the equilibrium of the model are then automatically retrieved from the dynamic analysis
of the mechanism.

Experiment2, Task 2: Define and execute the structural analysis


Exercise 2, Task 2-1: Define the analysis
Click on the icon To open the dialog box of the analyzes Select
menu File / Create static analysis
- Name = Lever_Static
- Restrictions = (select nothing)
- Loaded = MechanismLoadSet1
- Check the option "Load balance" inertial
- Method = Adaptive path minimises
confirm the creation of the analysis
with OK


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Experiment2, Task 2-2: Run the analysis


Click on the icon In the dialog box to start the analysis, and then accept the interactive diagnostics.





When the diagnostic window indicates that the execution of the analysis is complete, close the window with


Experiment2, Task 3: Prepare and view the results


Exercise 2, Task 3-1: Preparing the results


Click on the icon In the dialog box to open the Results window





Select the nature of the results to display: Constraint Von-Updates
Enable the tab "Display Options" :
- Check the option: "continuous tone"
- Check the option: "deformed"



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Experiment2, Task 3-2: View the results


Click on





Use the menu: Format / result window to customize the display





Use the menu: Info / dynamic Polling to show the value of the constraint by a specific point (positioning with the mouse)
Note 1: It is enough to click the location you want to place the value labels on the geometry.










Use the menu: Insert / Surf of cut -section to view the results in a slice of the model.
Choose section or cut, choose the plan, Apply, and then click on Dynamic to move the plan to the mouse (vertical movement)



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Experiment2, Task 3- 3:Add results


Click on the icon To add a results window open the folder of
results Select the nature of the results to
display: Shift / intensity
Activate the tab "Display Options" :
- Check the option: "continuous tone"
- Check the option: "deformed"
- Check the option: "Animation" and adjust the number of sequences to 40





Validate and display





Experiment2, Task 3- 4:Save the results window


Use the menu: File / Save to save the
results window





Use the menu: File / Save as template to save the page layout of the results in order to reuse later on
other models.
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Experiment2, Task 4: Design Studies


Note 1: There are several types of design studies
- Standard : It allows you to run simulations with values of sides or different settings for the model on the screen.
- Overall Sensitivity: It allows you to play on a set of variables on a large range and to analyze the effects on a set of measurements.
- Local Sensitivity: It allows to play finely on the variables in order to detect those having the most significant effects on a set of measurements.
- Feasibility: It allows you to search for the precise values of a set of variables in order to obtain the desired values for a set of measurements.
- Optimization : Allows you to compare all the "developing biospheric" in order to retain the satisfactory at best to a goal (ex: reduce the earth)


Experiment2, Task 4 -1: Create a study of overall sensitivity


Select the menu: Analysis / Analysis - studies Mechanica and then in the dialog box, select
the menu: File / New sensitivity study




Enter the parameters for the sensitivity study


- Name = Radius_gs
- Type = overall sensitivity
- Analysis = Lever_Static


Select the side d514 directly on the model (see image)
- Start Value = 8
- End Value = 45



Note 1: It is possible to select multiple sides simultaneously to perform a sensitivity study, but for reasons of time of calculation this example is
based on a single variable (the dimension of the inner radius of the cutting)


Enter the number of simulation steps: 5
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Click on And check the option "Repeat the convergence of loop"





Note 2: The options of the study of design allow you to ensure the convergence of the calculation on each of the geometrical variation of the model
analysis. This convergence can be obtained by adapting the polynomial degree of mesh or by recreating a new mesh.


Close the options dialog box by clicking on Confirm the
creation of the design study by clicking on Start the execution of
the analysis by clicking on And accept the interactive diagnostic.




Note 3: Taking into account the number of geometrical variations and analyzes to revive, the total duration of the calculation can be several minutes. It
is possible to observe the progress in opening the information window (see image below)








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Experiment2, Task 4 -2: View the results of the analysis of overall sensitivity


Open a window for preparation of the results by clicking on the icon





To analyze the influence of the radius on the constraint max Von-Updates:
- The study of design = Radius_gs (the one just created)
- Analysis = Lever_Static
- Display Type = Graph
- Measurement (vertical axis) : select "max_stress_vm" in the list of measures
- Variable design (x axis) = d514:LIFT





Click on "Validate and display" to generate the graph of variation of the constraint max as a function of the value of the radius.



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Experiment2, Task 4 -3: Create an optimization study


Select the menu: Analysis / Analysis - studies Mechanica and then in the dialog box, select
the menu: File / New optimization study




Enter the parameters for the optimization study


- Name = Stress_optimisation
- Type = Optimization
- Goal = Minimize the value total_mass
- Design Limit: max_stress_vm = 150 N/mm
2



Variables: Select the side d514 on the template (see image)
- Minimum Value = 5
- Initial Value = 8
- Maximum Value = 45



Note 1: It is possible to select from several sides simultaneously to perform a study of optimization, but for reasons of time of calculation this example
is based on a single variable (the dimension of the inner radius of the slice)


Click on And check the option "Repeat the convergence of loop"



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Close the options dialog box by clicking on
Confirm the creation of the design study by clicking on

Start the execution of the analysis by clicking on And accept the interactive diagnostic.





Note 2: Taking into account the number of geometrical variations and analyzes to revive, the total duration of the calculation can be several minutes. It
is possible to observe the progress in opening the information window (see image below)












Experiment2, Task 4 -4: Validate the result of the optimization analysis


Opena window for preparation of the results by clicking on the icon And check that the max value of the constraint vm is 150N/mm
2