CCB-2012 Health Safety and Environment
Semester May 2014
Safety Analysis and Prevention
Chapter 5.1
Dr. Sujan Chowdhury
Lecturer Content
Hazard Identification
Hazard Analysis
Hazard Prevention/Deterrence
Risk Assessment and Management
Lecture outcome
By the end of this lecture, you are expected to:
Define hazard and list out the importance of
hazard identification
Explain on the types of hazard analysis
Risk Analysis and Management
What is Hazard?
A condition or combination of conditions
that, if left uncorrected, may lead to an
accident, illness, or property damage
Why Hazard Analysis?
Prevent occupational injuries or illnesses
Provides opportunity to identify and control
workplace hazards
Increases awareness of workplace hazards
Can lead to increased productivity
Sources of Hazards
Sources of motion
Extreme temperatures
Chemical exposures
Harmful dust
Light radiation
Falling objects
Sharp objects
Rolling or pinching objects
Workplace and location of co-workers
Electrical sources
New Symbol
Old Symbol
Hazard Analysis
Hazard analysis is a systematic process
for identifying hazards and
recommending corrective actions
Preliminary Hazard Analysis
Detailed Hazard Analysis
Preliminary Hazard Analysis (PHA)
Useful when management wants to
commission new system quickly, but at a
reduced risk of workplace injuries.
Useful as a guide for future detailed
analyses.
Developed at initial design stage and
coordination efforts should be made between
the system safety and design groups during
this process.
Detailed Hazard Analysis
Involves application of analytical, inductive and
deductive methods
Failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA)
Hazard and operability review (HAZOP)
Technic of operations review (TOR)
Human error analysis (HEA)
Fault tree analysis (FTA)
Event tree analysis
Risk analysis
Information obtained from the hazard analysis
methods may be used to prevent accidents
and illnesses.
Steps for implementing hazard control measures
Hazard Prevention and Deterrence
Adjust as
necessary
Assess
effectiveness
Monitor/
observe
Apply the
Method(s)
Select a
Method(s)
Eliminate the source of hazard.
Substitute a less hazardous equivalent.
Reduce the hazards at the source.
Remove the employee from the hazard.
Isolate the hazard.
Dilute the hazard.
Apply appropriate management strategies.
Use appropriate PPE.
Provide employee training.
Practice good housekeeping.
Hazard Prevention and Deterrence
Step 1: Select a method
Put the selected method to practical use to
test cases.
Purpose is to test and analyses the suitability
of the method in a real life situation.
Hazard Prevention and Deterrence
Step 2: Apply the method
Step 3: Monitor and observe
Monitor and observe for any:
complaints from workers
complaints from clients
change in worker performance
other side effects
Risk Assessment and Management
What is Risk?
Risk may be considered as the potential for
adverse effects resulting from an activity or
event.
It is an expression of possible loss in terms
of severity and probability.
RISK = (PROBABILITY) x (CONSEQUENCES)
Risk can be decreased by decreasing the
frequency and severity of hazard-related
events.
Risk Assessment and Management
Acceptable level of risk
This is generally determined by what is prepared to
be lost balanced against possible gains.
Risk = Consequence resulting from the release
of a hazard
x
Probability of the occurrence of that event
The total procedure associated with:
Identifying a hazard
Assessing the risk
Putting in place control measures
Review the outcomes
The Risk Management Process
Risk Assessment
Likelihood Severity
Negligible Marginal Critical Catastrophic
Frequent
Reasonably
probably
Occasional
Remote
Extremely
unlikely
Impossible
Risk Assessment
Hazard Identification
Aggressive
behavior
Sharp teeth
Sharp claws
Offensive odor
Parasites
Uncontrolled
movements
Risk Assessment
Injury to public
Bites and infection
Cuts and scratches
Nasal irritation
Transmission
of parasites
Traffic
hazard
and public
nuisance
Risk Control
Training
Well fed
Well groomed
Washed
Flea powder
Collar and
leash
Conclusion
Hazard identification, risk assessment, control
and review is not a task that is completed and
then forgotten about.
Hazard identification should be properly
documented even on the simplest of situations.
Risk assessment should include a careful
assessment of both likelihood and consequence.
Control measures should conform to the
recommendations of the hierarchy of control. The
risk management process is an on going one.