1. What are Newtons Laws of motion?

Ans Newtons First Law:

An object at rest will remain at rest unless acted on by an
unbalanced force. An object in motion continues in motion with the
same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an
unbalanced force.
Newtons Second Law:
Acceleration is produced when a force acts on a mass. The
greater the mass (of the object being accelerated) the greater the
amount of force needed (to accelerate the object).
However, the Second Law gives us an exact relationship between
force, mass, and acceleration. It can be expressed as a
mathematical equation:
F=ma
Newtons Third Law:
For every action there is an equal and opposite re-action.
2. What is ohms Law?
Ans The potential difference (voltage) across an ideal conductor
is proportional to the current through it.
The constant of proportionality is called the "resistance", R.
Ohm's Law is given by:
V = I R

3. What is Boyles Law?
Ans The absolute pressure exerted by a given mass of an ideal
gas is inversely proportional to the volume it occupies if
the temperature and amount of gas remain unchanged within
a closed system.
Mathematically, Boyle's law can be stated as

or


where P is the pressure of the gas, V is the volume of the gas,
and k is a constant.
4. What is Archimedess Principle?
Ans Archimedes' principle indicates that the upward buoyant
force that is exerted on a body immersed in a fluid, whether fully
or partially submerged, is equal to the weight of the fluid that the
body displaces..
Mathematically,


5. What is Bernoullis Principle?
Ans In fluid dynamics, Bernoulli's principle states that for an in
viscid flow, an increase in the speed of the fluid occurs
simultaneously with a decrease in pressure or a decrease in
the fluid's potential energy.
6. What is Newtons Law of Universal Gravitation?
Ans Newton's law of universal gravitation states that any two
bodies in the universe attract each other with a force that is
directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely
proportional to the square of the distance between them.
,
7. What are Laws of Thermodynamics?
Ans Zeroth law of thermodynamics
The zeroth law of thermodynamics states that if
two thermodynamic systems are each in thermal equilibrium with a
third, then all three are in thermal equilibrium with each other. It
obeys the transitive property.

First law of thermodynamics
The first law of thermodynamics is a version of the law
of conservation of energy, adapted for thermodynamic systems.
The law of conservation of energy states that the total energy of
an isolated system is constant; energy can be transformed from
one form to another, but cannot be created or destroyed.

Second law of thermodynamics
The second law of thermodynamics states that the entropy of
an isolated system never decreases, because isolated systems
always evolve toward thermodynamic equilibrium, a state with
maximum entropy. The second law is an empirically
validated postulate of thermodynamics.

meaning reversible changes have zero entropy change, irreversible
process are positive, and impossible process are negative.
Third law of thermodynamics
The third law of thermodynamics states that regarding the
properties of systems in equilibrium at absolute zero temperature:
The entropy of a perfect crystal, at absolute zero kelvin, is
exactly equal to zero.
T 0, S C.

8. What is Charless law?
Ans - Charles's law (also known as the law of volumes) is an
experimental gas law which describes how gases tend to expand
when heated. A modern statement of Charles's law is:
When the pressure on a sample of a dry gas is held constant, the
Kelvin temperature and the volume will be directly related.
This directly proportional relationship can be written as:

or

where:
V is the volume of the gas
T is the temperature of the gas (measured in Kelvin).
k is a constant.
9. What is Coulmbs Law?
Ans - Coulomb's law states that:
The magnitude of the electrostatic force of interaction between
two point charges is directly proportional to the scalar
multiplication of the magnitudes of charges and inversely
proportional to the square of the distance between them.
The force is along the straight line joining them. If the two
charges have the same sign, the electrostatic force between them
is repulsive; if they have different sign, the force between them is
attractive.

10. What is Faradays Law?
Ans Faradays Law states that
The induced electromotive force in any closed circuit is equal to
the negative of the time rate of change of the magnetic
flux through the circuit.

11. What is Carnots theorem?
Ans - Carnot's theorem, developed in 1824 by Nicolas Lonard Sadi
Carnot, also called Carnot's rule, is a principle that specifies limits
on the maximum efficiency any heat engine can obtain, which thus
solely depends on the difference between the hot and cold
temperature reservoirs.

Carnot's theorem states:
All heat engines between two heat reservoirs are less efficient
than a Carnot engine operating between the same reservoirs.
Every Carnot engine between a pair of heat reservoirs is equally
efficient, regardless of the working substance employed or the
operation details.
The formula for this maximum efficiency is

Where T
C
is the absolute temperature of the cold reservoir, T
H
is
the absolute temperature of the hot reservoir, and the
efficiency is the ratio of the work done by the engine to the
heat drawn out of the hot reservoir.
Based on modern thermodynamics, Carnot's theorem is a result of
the second law of thermodynamics. Historically, however, it was
based on contemporary caloric theory and preceded the
establishment of the second law.