ASSIGNMENT 1st

COMPUTER APPLICATIONS FOR BUSINESS (566)

COMPUTER APPLICATIONS FOR BUSINESS (566)

Submitted to:

Madam Shabana

Submitted by:

Kashif Ali Khan

(0333-8442583)

[Link] : 508195371

Semester: Autumn 2008

MBA 2nd

ALLAMA IQBAL OPEN UNIVERSITY ISLAMABAD

Q. No. 1 (a)

Explain what trends are occurring in the major types of computer systems and in
computer software?

Ans: Some of the significant latest Computer Peripherals are:

Graphics card is related to the betterment of the image quality as a whole. The latest
graphics card suggested is EVGA GeForce 8800 GTX Video Card (768MB, PCI Express
x16, Dual DVI - MPN: 768P2N831AR). This is the best among its counterparts. It clears the
image perfectly with the possible flair in adjusting the loopholes in the picture quality, if any.

Wireless Optical Mouse 5000 is the latest and trendiest mouse. It has a 4-way scrolling,
magnifier, ergonomic design and longer battery life.

The wonder makers in the lists of superior scanners of the day are Canon, HP, Microtek,
Umax, Visioneer, etc. Among them Canon and HP scanners are simply the best scanners.

The CanoScan D1250 U2F from Canon has an adjustable lid that lifts up out of the way
of books and other bulky documents. It has several product ranges. Though it seems higher in
price as compare to the similar other scanners, Canon offers inarguably exceptional picture
quality, which no other scanner could give before. Some variations in the CanoScan D1250
U2F include the following.

 Canon Canoscan Lide 500f Desktop Color Flatbed and Film Scanner -
2400x4800dpi / USB 2.0 Hi-Speed (86815)
 Canon Canoscan 8400f Desktop Color Flatbed and Film Scanner - 3200 x 6400dpi
(78205)
 Canon CanoScan 4400F Scan with Quality & Versatility

HP - ScanJet 3570C is the offering from HP in vogue currently. ScanJet 3570C became
somewhat outdated soon when it had earlier come to the market. But with the passage of
time, HP has up to date qualities in the field of scanning. To digitize any opaque document,
HP ScanJet 3570C is very much helpful. Latest HP ScanJet 3570C models in the realm of
price consciousness include the following:

 HP SCANJET 4850, HP Scanjet 2400 Digital Flatbed Scanner USB - 1200dpi 48 bits
(51449) and HP SCANJET 5590

So, go ahead and give your computer better speed, efficiency, accuracy and clarity with
employing the latest computer peripherals on offer today. It can be bet that by using these
you can not only stay updated but also gain a winning edge over others.

What is a computer virus? Describe different types of computer viruses. Also list
different antivirus applications commonly used to protect computers from threats.
Different Types of Computer Viruses:

There are Different Types of Computer Viruses could be classified in (origin, techniques,
types of files they infect, where they hide, the kind of damage they cause, the type of
operating system or platform they attack) etc. Let us have a look at them…

Computer Virus is a kind of malicious software written intentionally to enter a computer

without the user’s permission or knowledge, with an ability to replicate itself.

Most common types of viruses are mentioned below:

Resident Viruses:

This type of virus is a permanent which dwells in the RAM memory. From there it can
overcome and interrupt all of the operations executed by the system: corrupting files and
programs that are opened, closed, copied, renamed etc.
Examples include: Randex, CMJ, Meve, and MrKlunky.

Direct Action Viruses.

The main purpose of this virus is to replicate and take action when it is executed.
When a specific condition is met, the virus will go into action and infect files in the
directory or folder that it is in and in directories that are specified in the
[Link] file PATH.

Overwrite Viruses:

Virus of this kind is characterized by the fact that it deletes the information contained
in the files that it infects, rendering them partially or totally useless once they have
been infected.

The only way to clean a file infected by an overwrite virus is to delete the file
completely, thus losing the original content.

Examples of this virus include: Way, [Link], Trivial.88.D.

Boot Virus:

This type of virus affects the boot sector of a floppy or hard disk. This is a crucial part
of a disk, in which information on the disk itself is stored together with a program
that makes it possible to boot (start) the computer from the disk. Examples of boot
viruses include: Polyboot.B, AntiEXE.

Macro Virus:
 Macro viruses infect files that are created using certain applications or programs that
contain macros. These mini-programs make it possible to automate series of
operations so that they are performed as a single action, thereby saving the user from
having to carry them out one by one.

Examples of macro viruses: Relax, Melissa.A, Bablas, O97M/Y2K.

Directory Virus:

Directory viruses change the paths that indicate the location of a file. By executing a
program (file with the extension .EXE or .COM) which has been infected by a virus,
you are unknowingly running the virus program, while the original file and program
have been previously moved by the virus. Once infected it becomes impossible to
locate the original files.

Polymorphic Virus:

Polymorphic viruses encrypt or encode themselves in a different way (using different

algorithms and encryption keys) every time they infect a system.
This makes it impossible for anti-viruses to find them using string or signature
searches (because they are different in each encryption) and also enables them to
create a large number of copies of themselves.

Examples include: Elkern, Marburg, Satan Bug, and Tuareg.

File Infectors:

This type of virus infects programs or executable files (files with an .EXE or .COM
extension). When one of these programs is run, directly or indirectly, the virus is
activated, producing the damaging effects it is programmed to carry out. The majority
of existing viruses belong to this category, and can be classified depending on the
actions that they carry out.

Companion Viruses:

Companion viruses can be considered file infector viruses like resident or direct
action types. They are known as companion viruses because once they get into the
system they "accompany" the other files that already exist. In other words, in order to
carry out their infection routines, companion viruses can wait in memory until a
program is run (resident viruses) or act immediately by making copies of themselves
(direct action viruses).

Examples include: Stator, Asimov.1539, and Terrax.1069.

FAT Virus:
 The file allocation table or FAT is the part of a disk used to connect information and
is a vital part of the normal functioning of the computer. This type of virus attack can
be especially dangerous, by preventing access to certain sections of the disk where
important files are stored. Damage caused can result in information losses from
individual files or even entire directories.

Worms:

A worm is a program very similar to a virus; it has the ability to self-replicate, and
can lead to negative effects on your system and most importantly they are detected
and eliminated by antiviruses.

Examples of worms include: PSWBugbear.B, Lovgate.F, Trile.C, Sobig.D, Mapson.

Trojans or Trojan Horses:

Another unsavory breed of malicious code are Trojans or Trojan horses, which unlike
viruses do not reproduce by infecting other files, nor do they self-replicate like
worms.

Logic Bombs:

They are not considered viruses because they do not replicate. They are not even
programs in their own right but rather camouflaged segments of other programs.
Their objective is to destroy data on the computer once certain conditions have been
met. Logic bombs go undetected until launched, and the results can be destructive.

List of different antivirus applications commonly used to protect computers from

threats ?

Antivirus Program: it is needed to clean your system from malware. Malware is a software
designed specifically to destroy or harm a system or the stability of a system. Malware could
for example be a virus, trojan, dialer etc

List of Antiviruses:

• Avast!
• Avira
• AVG Anti-Virus
• BitDefender
• BullGuard
• CA Anti-Virus
• Cisco Security Agent
• DriveSentry (antivirus, antispyware and HIPS technologies)
• eSafe
• Fortinet FortiClient End Point Security
 • F-PROT
• F-Secure
• G DATA Software
• Kaspersky Anti-Virus
• LinuxShield
• McAfee VirusScan
• nProtect
• NOD32
• Norman ASA
• Norton AntiVirus/Norton 360
• Panda Security
• PC Tools AntiVirus
• Rising AntiVirus
• Sophos Anti-Virus
• Trend Micro Internet Security
• Vba32 AntiVirus
• Windows Live OneCare
• ZoneAlarm

Q2 (a) - How a document can be checked for spelling and grammar mistakes? Explain
the function of custom dictionary.

Spelling and Grammar Check:

Word will automatically check for spelling and grammar errors as you type unless
you turn this feature off. Spelling errors are noted in the document with a red underline.
Grammar errors are indicated by a green underline. To disable this feature, select Tools|
Options from the menu bar and click the Spelling and Grammar tab on the dialog box.
Uncheck "Check spelling as you type" and "Check grammar as you type", and click OK.

To use the spelling and grammar checker, follow these steps:

1. Select Tools Spelling and Grammar from the menu bar.

2. The Spelling and Grammar dialog box will notify you of the first mistake in the
document and misspelled words will be highlighted in red
3. If the word is spelled correctly, click the Ignore button or click the Ignore All button
if the word appears more than once in the document.
4. If the word is spelled incorrectly, choose one of the suggested spellings in the
Suggestions box and click the Change button or Change All button to correct all
occurrences of the word in the document. If the correct spelling is not suggested,
enter the correct spelling in the Not In Dictionary box and click the Change button.
 5. If the word is spelled correctly and will appear in many documents you type (such as
your name), click the Add button to add the word to the dictionary so it will no longer
appear as a misspelled word.

As long as the Check Grammar box is checked in the Spelling and Grammar dialog box,
Word will check the grammar of the document in addition to the spelling. If you do not want
the grammar checked, remove the checkmark from this box. Otherwise, follow these steps
for correcting grammar:

1. If Word finds a grammar mistake, it will be shown in the box as the spelling errors.
The mistake is highlighted in green text.

2. Several suggestions may be given in the Suggestions box. Select the correction that
best applies and click Change.
3. If no correction is needed (Word is often wrong more than it is right), click the
Ignore button.
Synonyms:

Word 2000 has a new feature for finding synonyms. Simply right-click on the word and
select Synonyms from the shortcut menu. From the list of suggested words, highlight the
word you would like to use or click Thesaurus... for more options.

\
Thesaurus:

To use the thesaurus, select Tools|Language|Thesaurus from the menu bar or select it from
the Synonyms shortcut menu as detailed above.

A list of meanings and synonyms are given on the windows. Double-click on the words in
the Meanings box or click the Look Up button to view similar words. Double-click words in
the Replace with Synonym box to view synonyms of those words. Highlight the word you
would like to add and click the Replace button.
Q2 (b) Discuss the uses and tools of Word Art and Drawing tool bar ?

The Drawing toolbar:

This entire toolbar could become a floating window by double-clicking on the control bar at
the far left end of this toolbar. That gives the following window, which can be placed
anywhere on the screen:

This toolbar can be restored to its original position by clicking in the gray bar at the top and
dragging it back to the top of the screen. Push the top of the window up to the bottom of the
menu bar.

Function of commonly used buttons

A pull down menu with Changes the pointer to a
several drawing options selection arrow
Rotates the selected object A pull down menu with
to any degree. several libraries of shapes
Draws a line where you
Inserts a line with an
click and drag. Hold the
arrowhead where you click
Shift key down to make the
and drag
line straight
Draws a rectangle where
Draws an oval where you
you click and drag. Hold
click and drag. Hold down
down Shift to draw a
Shift to draw a circle
square
Draws a text box where Create text effects with
you click and drag Word Art
Add, modify, or remove fill Add, modify, or remove line
color from a selected object color
Formats the selected text Changes the thickness of
with the color you click lines
Select arrow style;
Selects dash style for
placement and shape of
dashed lines
arrowhead
A pull down menu offers Add 3-d effects to rectangles
shadow choices or ovals

Function of each of the buttons above. When you think that you are familiar with each of the
buttons take the short quiz below
 This quiz is available on a page without the table above

A B C D
Instead of striking the underline key fifteen
times, you plan to draw a single line by
1
clicking and dragging.
Which button do you select?
You have drawn a line, and now want to
2 change the color of the selected line.
Which button do you select?
The last line you drew had an arrowhead at
the wrong end. You want to change the
3
arrowhead to the other end of the line.
Which button do you select?
You created an object in a document and
4 you want to tilt it at an angle.
Which button do you select?
You have drawn a rectangle around a section
of a flyer and want to change it to a dashed
5
line.
Which button do you select?
The heading of a flyer is just plain text and
you would rather create special effects with
6
text.
Which button do you select?
You are going to draw a perfect circle on
your document by holding down the shift
7
key, clicking and dragging.
Which button do you select?

Q3 (a) Discuss the uses of Wizards and Templates for creating a document. List
different wizards provided by Microsoft Word.

Wizard:
 o A wizard is an automated and interactive template.
o Using a wizard, one can format letters, memos, and reports quickly.
o After creating a document using a wizard, formatting can be changed or added.
o Wizards are included in the Templates dialog box and organized in categories.
o A wizard can be used to create a new document from a series of dialog boxes.
o Each dialog box contains options and elements that can be included in the final
document.

Template:

o A template is a file that contains formatting information, styles, and sometimes text.
o Templates can be used to create the same types of documents, such as memos or
letters.
o Word provides a variety of templates that contain built-in styles.
o Custom templates can be created and reused.
o Every Word document is based on a template.
o Templates can be modified to include frequently used formatting and text.
o The default template file is called [Link].
o The Normal template stores settings that are available globally.

Templates can include any of the following features:

o Formatting features like margins, columns, and page orientation.

o Standard text that is repeated in all documents of the same type, such as a company
name and address in a letter template.
o Character and paragraph formatting that is saved within styles.
o Macros (automated procedures), placeholder text, and AutoText entries.

Creating a Template:
 New
NewDocument
Documenttask
taskpane
pane

Opens
Opensnew
new
document
document
based
basedon
onNew
New
template
template

Opens
Opensnew
new
template
template
based
basedonon
template
templateofof
your
yourchoice
choice
Opens
Opensnewnew
document
document
based
basedonon
existing
existing
document
document

A custom template can be created using any of the following methods:

o Creating a blank template file by using the default template and defining the
formatting information.
o Opening an existing template, modifying it, and saving it with a new name.
o Opening an existing document, modifying it, and saving it as a new template.

Select
SelectBlank
Blank
Document
Documenticon
icon Choose
ChooseTemplate
Template

Summary:
 • Templates are files containing formatting information, styles, and sometimes text.
The default template file is [Link].
• Templates can be modified to include frequently used formatting and text, and
changed to create new templates.
• An existing template can be modified and saved with a new name.
• Copied styles replace styles with the same style names. Style names are case-
sensitive.
• The Organizer is used to copy individual styles from another document or
template into the current document or template.
• A wizard is an automated and interactive template.
• Wizards enable users to format letters, memos, and reports quickly.
• A wizard can be used to create a new document from a series of dialog boxes.

Q3 (b) Distinguish between

i - Insert & Overtype Modes:

i. Answerer 1

Insert will insert text wherever you place the cursor. Overtype will overwrite text as
you type.
For example if you add the text "ADDED" to the sentence below:

Insert Mode: The quick brown fox ADDED jumped over the lazy dog.
Overtype Mode: The quick brown fox ADDEDd over the lazy dog.

ii. Answerer 2

Insert will insert the letter/numebr that you type wherever your cursor happens to
be.I.e., if you type the letters 'ot', place your cursor between the two. If MS Word is in
'insert' mode, and you typ the letter 'u', it will insert the letter.

On the other hand, if you do the same thing, and MS word is in Overwrite mode, the
'u' that you type will over write the 't', leaving you with 'ou'.
Does that make sense?

iii. Answerer 3

PLC, when you insert letters, they go in between existing text, pushing everything
that comes afterward down. When you overtype, the characters replace the existing
characters.
Here's a basic line of text:Once upon a time there was a [Link]'s the text with
some insert:
Once upon a tI wish I had a beerime there was a message.
Here's the text with the same overwrite: Once upon a tI wish I had a beeressage.
 iv. Answerer 4

Insert is button from which u can switch to overtype mode,

When u have switched to overtype mode then you can overtype a preceding letter or
upcomming letter where ur cursor is e.g:- "mobi" ur cursor is before m so when u
type "L" it will remove the upcoming letter "m" and types "L" in place of "m", like
"Lobi".

v. Auto Correct & Auto Text Feature

Usually, AutoCorrect is used to automatically correct spelling or other typing errors

such as forgetting to start a sentence with a capital, whilst AutoText holds
abbreviations of longer phrases or sentences. However, both AutoText and
AutoCorrect work in a similar way by holding pairs of entries ' the trigger word or
phrase and the replacement. So, for example, you type in "ifyou!" and Word changes it
to "If you have any questions or queries regarding the above please do not hesitate to
contact me".

AutoText:

Let's assume that we have created an AutoText entry of "if you have" that has the
replacement text: "If you have any questions or queries regarding any of the above,
please do not hesitate to call me." As you type "if y" AutoText recognises the trigger
and a yellow tag appears showing the replacement. Pressing the Return key accepts
the replacement but you can just carry on typing instead and the AutoText
replacement will not be used.

To create an AutoText entry, simply type in the full text, select it, and then either
choose Insert-AutoText, New or use the keyboard shortcut ALT+F3. You will see the
following screen:

To edit or delete an AutoText entry (or indeed the other automatic features within Word)
choose Insert, AutoText, AutoText
AutoText can be used for anything from a single word to an entire formatted section of text.
For example, if you often use Word's table feature to format schedules of figures, you could
set up a fully formatted but empty table, and then add it to AutoText.

AutoCorrect:

As we mentioned earlier, the real use of AutoCorrect is to correct errors. You can use
it in the same way as AutoText ' but as we saw it has the advantage and disadvantage
of being more automatic. So we could type in our "If you have any questions or
queries regarding any of the above, please do not hesitate to call me" sentence, select
it and instead of using ALT-F3 to add it to AutoText, we could use Tools-
AutoCorrect Options and type in a Replace abbreviation.
 At the risk of stating the obvious for the third or fourth time, unlike AutoText, you
must enter the Replace abbreviation as text that you would never need to type
normally. You would also want to keep it as short as possible. Once the AutoCorrect
entry has been set up, just type "ify" followed by a space, or full stop or the Return key
and it will be automatically replaced.

vi. Soft Page Breakup & Hard Page Breakup

A soft page break is a place in a document or text that automatically separates pages.
Soft page breaks are inserted automatically by word processing programs such as
Microsoft Word, as opposed to hard page breaks that are inserted manually by the
user to separate pages.

vii. Workbook & Worksheet:

The difference between workbooks and worksheets,

What is a workbook?
A workbook is the name Excel gives to the standard type of file that you use to create
Spread sheets. You can think of a workbook as the electronic equivalent of a
bookbinder, in that it contains numerous individual document sheets. Each of these
sheets is referred to
as a worksheet. When you first start to use a workbook, there are 16 worksheets
already
created for you to use. As you develop a workbook, you can add more worksheets if
you
need [Link] you begin a new workbook, the worksheets are named Sheet1 through to
Sheet16. Initially, Sheet1 is the active sheet. The active sheet occupies most of the
Excel window, and is the sheet that you are currently working on.

Q4. (a):

Write down steps for inserting page numbers into a document and then use “Go
To” command to move directly to a specific page. Support your answer with an
example.

• In order to add page numbers to a document it's helpful to be familiar with "headers"
and "footers" on a word-processing page. These are areas that are repeated from one
page to the next without having to be retyped. Typically, a header contains the name
of the document and can include items such as the author's name and/or chapter
number.
• Page numbers usually go in the footer, but can be placed in the header if preferred.
Unlike other header/footer text, page numbers change automatically from page to
page.
• To insert regular page numbering, go to Insert>Page Numbers, where you will find
options for placing the numbers at the top or bottom, along with choosing left, right,
 or center alignment. I find it easiest to accept the default of "bottom, right side" and
then fine-tune these options later.
• Items in a header or footer appear in light gray as you work in the body of a
document. If you go to File>Print Preview, everything will appear in black, or
whatever colors you have chosen. Click "Close" to return to your working view of the
document.
• To fine-tune your page numbering, double-clicking any of the gray numbers will
change them to black while your body text changes to gray. A small "header/footer
toolbar" will appear to help you with the editing. To get back into your main text,
simply double-click anywhere in the body of the letter.
• On the Page Numbering Toolbar The third icon from the left is for "formatting page
numbers." Here you will find options for choosing numbering styles, such as 1, 2, 3,
or I, II, III, or A, B, C, along with choices for the location of these characters. To
change the font, size, or color of these characters use your regular Word toolbar.
• The sixth icon offers options for alternating page numbers between the left and right
sides, for those who will have their documents printed on both sides of a page.
• A problem that often occurs with headers and footers is that they look fine on one's
screen, but are partially cut off when being printed. This is because most printers can't
print clear to the edges of a sheet of paper, and leave a blank area all the way around.
However, the depth of this blank area varies from one printer to another.
• The fix is to go to File>Page Setup>Margins and adjust the "From Edge" settings as
needed. Experiment, if necessary.
• Once you have established a header and a footer in a document, you may find that
one or the other is not needed and try to delete it. It's much easier to delete the
unwanted text and leave the footer or header in place, since they will not show up in a
print-out anyway.
• Page Numbering in WordPerfect is done by clicking Format>Page Numbering. Then,
from the "Position" box, choose a position for the page numbers. Finally, from the
"Page Numbering Format" box, choose a format for the page numbers. “Go To”
command to move directly to a specific page.
• On the 'Edit' menu, click 'Go To', and then select 'Page' from the 'Go to what' list,
enter a page number in the 'Enter Page Number' box, and click on 'Go To'.
 1) In Word 2003, click on the 'Edit' menu, and then click 'Go To'.
2) Select 'Page' from the 'Go to what' list, enter the page number you
would like to go to in the 'Enter page number' box, and click 'Go To'.
Screen: 'Go To' Command Screen
TIP: You can also get to the 'Go To' command screen by pressing either the
F5 key or the CTRL+G keyboard shortcut.

3) Click 'Close' to exit the 'Go To' command

Q5: (a) - What is “Today ()” function? What is its use in date arithmetic?

Today Function:

In Excel, the Today function returns the current system date. This function will refresh the
date whenever the worksheet [Link] syntax for the Today function is:Today()
Applies To:

• Excel 2007, Excel 2003, Excel XP, Excel 2000

For example: Let's take a look at an example:

The spreadsheet will continue to display this value, until the worksheet recalculates.
By pressing the F9 key, you can force the worksheet to recalculate and the TODAY
function will update its value.
“Today()” function use in date arithmetic:

If I have a column with a range of dates in it, is there a formula that will tell me how
many years ago that date was from today?

I am trying to calculate employee discount levels. For every year of service, an

employee gains an additional percentage discount. I have employee hire dates in an
Excel spreadsheet, and I would like to be able to, at a glance, determine what discount
level a given employee is at, even if I open the spreadsheet three years from now. The
levels top out at five years, if that matters.

(b) How data can be imported from a web query into an MS Excel workbook?

Importing a Table from the Web into Excel:

You will need to have an open Excel workbook when you start this process.

You will also need to know where the HTML file containing the data you want to
import is located. The easiest way to do this is to simply open the file in your Web
browser and leave it open on your desktop. As an alternative, you could have the
URL of the Web or intranet page handy. If the HTML file is on your own system, you
should know its address in standard format (e.g., "C:\My Documents\Production
[Link]").

To verify the format of the table you want to import, right-click on the table and
choose View Source from the Shortcut menu. Scroll down the code listing until you
find the tags that were used. They must be either <PRE> or <TABLE> tags. In Excel,
open the Data menu.

Find the item Get External Data and select it. Then on the submenu that opens, choose New
Web Query…. The New Web Query dialog will open.
The dialog needs to know where to look for the data. The information goes in the text box
following Item 1 in the dialog. To enter the information, you can do one of the following
things:

• Enter the URL of the Web page containing the table you want; or
• Enter the address on your local system of the HTML file containing the table you
want; or
• Click on the Browse Web button. If you already have the Web page or the HTML file
open in your browser on the desktop, the URL or address will be entered
automatically for you.

Under Item 2 in the dialog, you must indicate which table(s) you want. By default, "Only the
tables" is selected. In a case where there are several tables on the page, you may be able to
specify the one you want if the tables have titles.

In Item 3, you will usually choose the default formatting (None). However, if you want to
retain the fonts and other formatting seen on the Web, choose Rich text or Full HTML
formatting.

Choose the OK button at the bottom of the dialog. The Returning External Data to Microsoft
Excel dialog will open immediately.
 Here you may enter the name of the spreadsheet cell where you want the top left
corner of the imported table to appear. You can also decide whether to place the
imported table on the current worksheet or on a new sheet. The Properties button
allows you to fine-tune the query and the way the data is imported but in most cases
you will probably choose [Link] data table will be immediately transplanted into
the Excel spreadsheet.

(c) How “PMT” function is used to calculate the payment of a car loan?

Well, Excel can figure this out for you pretty easily, using the PMT function.

Let’s say you know that the car you want costs $25,000 and you know you can only
afford $450 a month for car payments. You have $6000 in your savings account, but
you don’t necessarily want to use it all for a downpayment. So, how much do you
really have to put down on this car in order to get the payments you can afford?

First, talk to your lending agency and find out how many years you have to pay and
what the interest rate is that they are offering. Then enter this information in a new
blank worksheet.

A B

1 Car Loan

2 Number of payback years 4

3 Total Number of payments =B2*12

4 Loan Amount =25000-B6

5 Interest Rate for Loan 4.9%

6 DownPayment 6000

7 MONTHLY PAYMENT

This shows, in cell B4, you are borrowing $19,000 ($25,000 minus the downpayment of
$6000 which you put in B6), over four years (B2), totaling 48 payments (B3, which
multiplies the number of years by 12 months), at a yearly interest rate of 4.9%. Notice that I
put formulas in both B3 and B4, so you can change the number of payback years and the
downpayment amount and everything else will be adjusted automatically.

Now let’s figure out what the monthly payment would be with these figures.
Click inside B7 and click on the Insert Function button on your toolbar
(or go to the Insert menu and choose "Function").

Choose "Financial" from the box that says "Or select a category" and choose PMT from the
list below.

Click OK and you will be presented with this box:

Now, all you have to do is fill in the boxes and Excel will give you your answer:

a) In the "Rate" box, type B5, which is the cell that contains your interest
rate. However, the lending agency will give you the YEARLY rate and what you
need is the MONTHLY rate, so, you need to put B5/12 in this box (that’s B5 divided
by 12 months in a year)
b) Hit your tab key to move to the "Nper" box.
c) The "Nper" box is for the number of payment periods and we have that
entered in B3, so put B3 in this box.
 (TIP: You don’t have to type B3 in the box. If your cursor is positioned in the box, you
can just click on cell B3 and Excel will put it in the box for you.)

d) Hit your tab key to move to the "Pv" box.

e) The "Pv" box is for the present value, or the amount you are going to
pay. That value is in B4, so put B4 in that box.
f) Hit your tab key to move to "Fv".
g) Notice that "Fv" and "Type" are not in bold like the others. This is
because these arguments are optional, whereas the bold ones are mandatory. See at
the bottom of the box that Excel tells you that Fv is the future value and if you leave
it empty, Excel will assume 0 (zero). Since you want to pay this loan off entirely, you
want a zero balance, so just hit your tab key to leave this empty and move to the
"Type" box.
h) Lending agencies often offer different payment amounts if the load is
paid at the beginning of the month than if it is paid at the end of the month. Your
lending agency will tell you if they offer this. For now, put a zero (0) in that box,
assuming you will pay this loan at end of the month.
i) Make sure your choices look the same as mine below, then click OK.

d) List down all steps for inserting a Hyperlink into an Excel sheet.

How to Insert Hyperlinks in Microsoft Excel

By inserting hyperlinks into Microsoft Excel, you can link documents on your hard
drive, web pages and other spreadsheets to your excel document. Hyperlinks are also
a great way to cite the source of data. Once you know how to insert hyperlinks, you
can link to any file.

Instructions:

Step1
Select the cell where you want your hyperlink to be placed. You can either insert a
hyperlink into a blank cell or into a cell already filled with information. If the cell is
blank, the hyperlink is displayed by its file or Internet location unless you specify
different text later. If the cell is already filled, the text will be the link.
Step2
Choose "Hyperlink" from the "Insert" menu. A hyperlink wizard pops up.
Step3
Note the 4 icons on the left side of the wizard. These icons represent the 4 types of
hyperlinks you may insert into Excel. The "Existing File or Web Page" option is
probably the one you used most often. Click it and insert the file location of a file
on your hard drive or website address. Change the linked text with the form field at
the top if you wish.
Step4
Pick "E-mail Address" to create a link to an email address. Enter the email address
and the subject any email sent via the link should have. When users click on this
link, an email to the linked email address opens in their default mail program.
Step5
Click "Place in Document" to link to another sheet in the document.
Step6
Use the "Create New Document" option to allow the Excel user to open a new
Microsoft Office document with a link. The document can be from any Microsoft
Office software you've installed.
Step7
Hit the "OK" button to insert your hyperlink into your Excel document.