To summarize the over-all trade off, the designers decided to adopt the Reinforced Concrete Design (RCD)

Technology using Ultimate Strength Design (USD) methodology. The structural members were designed as
follows:

For Beam: Option A1
For Column: Option A2
For Slab: Option 1
For Footings:
a. Square Footing: Option 1
b. Wall Footing: Option 2
c. Combined Footing: Option 1


a. Beam

In designing beam, section and reinforcing bar diameters were the factors greatly affecting the cost. It
is then analyzed using two different sections and further investigated with varying reinforcement
diameter. Each option satisfies the design standards and safety requirement of National Structural
Code of the Philippines but it is further evaluated according to its economical lead. Considering the
beam (2B-3), Table 3-10 and Table 3-11 shows that design section using 20mm- is the most
economical among the following options:
Option A1 Design Section using 20mm.
Option A2 Design Section using 25mm.
Option A3 - Design Section using 28mm.
Option B1 Depth vary (50mm decrease) using 20mm.
Option B2 Depth vary (50mm decrease) using 25mm.
Option B3 - Depth vary (50mm decrease) using 28mm.

Table Error! No text of specified style in document.-1. Cost Tradeoff of Beam (Option A)

Designation: 2B-3
Length= 6.5m
Dimension: 300mm X 500mm

Option Bar Diameter Material Cost Labor Cost Total Cost
A1 20 Php 14,960.04 Php 2,048.69 Php 17,008.73
A2 25 Php 15,821.48 Php 2,253.28 Php 18,074.76
A3 28 Php 16,291.24 Php 2,364.85 Php 18,656.09


Table Error! No text of specified style in document.-2. Cost Tradeoff of Beam (Option B)

Designation: 2B-3
Length= 6.5m
Dimension: 300mm X 450mm

2

Option Bar Diameter Material Cost Labor Cost Total Cost
B1 20 Php 16,227.06 Php 2,474.11 Php 18,701.17
B2 25 Php 17,360.82 Php 2,743.37 Php 20,104.19
B3 28 Php 17,696.50 Php 2,823.10 Php 20,519.60


b. Column

Similarly to beam design, section and reinforcing bar diameters were the factors greatly affecting the
cost of column. Each option is adequate in load resistance but is further evaluated according to its
economic advantage. Considering the critical column (1C-1),Table 3-12 and Table 3-13 shows that the
design section using 25mm- is the most economical among the following options:

Option A1 Design Section using 20mm.
Option A2 Design Section using 25mm.
Option A3 - Design Section using 28mm.
Option B1 Depth vary (50mm increase) using 20mm.
Option B2 Depth vary (50mm increase) using 25mm.
Option B3 - Depth vary (50mm increase) using 28mm.

3

Table Error! No text of specified style in document.-3. Cost Tradeoff of Column (Option A)

Designation: 1C-1
Length=3.0 m
Dimension: 400mm X 400mm

Option Bar Diameter Material Cost Labor Cost Total Cost
A1 20 Php 4,992.58 Php 858.47 Php 5,851.05
A2 25 Php 4,977.70 Php 854.44 Php 5,832.63
A3 28 Php 5,172.86 Php 901.29 Php 6,074.16


Table Error! No text of specified style in document.-4. Cost Tradeoff of Column (Option B)

Designation: 1C-1
Length=3.0 m
Dimension: 450mm X 450mm

Option Bar Diameter Material Cost Labor Cost Total Cost
B1 20 Php 11,045.09 Php 1,405.92 Php 12,451.01
B2 25 Php 11,296.51 Php 1,465.64 Php 12,762.15
B3 28 Php 11,215.97 Php 1,446.51 Php 12,662.47


c. Slab

In the slab analysis, two steel yielding strengths (fy) were considered to identify which is more
economical. Table 3-12 shows that 414Mpa of steel yielding strength should be used.

Option 1 steel yielding strength (fy) is 414 MPa
Option 2 steel yielding strength (fy) is 276 MPa


Table Error! No text of specified style in document.-5. Cost Tradeoff of Slab

Designation: S1
Thickness= 200mm
fc= 27 Mpa

Option fy (MPa) Material Cost Labor Cost Total Cost
1 414 Php 66,109.20 Php 7,661.82 Php 73,771.02
2 276 Php 71,493.84 Php 8,940.67 Php 80,434.51



4

d. Footing

When designing a foundation, two variables must be checked. The foundation design must meet
bearing pressure limitations for the soil, and it must meet allowable settlement requirements for the
structure. Applying the design codes and with precise calculations, the design successfully met the
above mentioned variables.

Square, combined and wall footings, which are used in the structure, are designed to satisfy the above
conditions using the USD (known as the most economical design method).

Square footing is used in the design because it requires not much excavation or landfill activities.
Hence, it is more suitable on a sloppy site since the site is located at the mountainous area. Square
footings can be placed at some distance apart hence a huge saving in materials and costs.

Combined footing is used for two adjacent columns so close to each other that their individual footings
would overlap.

On the other hand, wall footing is used at the exterior part of the building because of the long distances
the design has. Wall footing is provided for a load bearing wall. Instead of providing more columns with
spread footing in a line, it is more economical to provide a wall footing. Wall footings spread higher
stress evenly along its reinforced footing strip. It is used with isolated footing to gain the features of the
two as well as to cut cost.

Below is the tabulated result of trade off of square footing using two (2) options:

Option 1 f c is 27.6 MPa
Option 2 f c is 20.7 MPa


Table Error! No text of specified style in document.-6. Cost Tradeoff of Square Footing

Designation: Square Footing
Main bar: 32-mm
Temp. bar: 20-mm
fy: 414Mpa

Option fc (MPa) b (mm) t (mm) Material Cost Labor Cost Total Cost
1 27.6 3100 440 Php29,315.76 Php3,480.64 Php32,796.40
2 20.7 3100 370 Php33,157.36 Php4,976.94 Php38,134.30



5

Table Error! No text of specified style in document.-7. Cost Tradeoff of Combined Footing

Designation: Combined Footing
Main bar: 32-mm
Temp. bar: 20-mm
fy: 414Mpa

Option fc (MPa) A(mm
2
) t (mm) Material Cost Labor Cost Total Cost
1 27.6 15000 680 Php70,608.32 Php9,493.26 Php80,101.58
2 20.7 15000 750 Php63,768.12 Php9,665.62 Php73,433.74



Table Error! No text of specified style in document.-8. Cost Tradeoff of Combined Footing

Designation: Wall Footing
Main bar: 16-mm
Temp. bar: 16-mm
fy= 414Mpa

Option fc (MPa) A(mm
2
) t (mm) Material Cost Labor Cost Total Cost
1 27.6 800 250 Php1,917.12 Php159.36 Php2,076.48
2 20.7 800 250 Php1,741.92 Php159.36 Php 1,901.28

6

Table Error! No text of specified style in document.-9. Summary of the Design Schedule for Beams

7



8


Figure Error! No text of specified style in document.-1. Details of Beam



Table Error! No text of specified style in document.-10. Summary of the Design Schedule for Slabs

Schedule of Slabs
Designation Type of Slab Main Bar Dia. Main Bar Spacing Temp. Bar Dia. Temp. Bar Spacing
S-1 Two-Way 12 mm 160 mm 10 mm 210 mm
S-2 One-Way 12 mm 200 mm 10 mm 220 mm


Figure Error! No text of specified style in document.-2. Schedule and Detail of Slab

9

Table Error! No text of specified style in document.-11. Summary of the Design Schedule for Columns







Figure Error! No text of specified style in document.-3. Details of Column


LONGITUDINAL BARS
B x H
LATERAL TIES
10



Figure Error! No text of specified style in document.-4. Schedule and Details of Footing



Architectural Plans

The architectural plans were acquired from the architect of the building project. The plans are composed of
the ground floor plan, identical second and third floor plans, fourth floor and roof deck plans. It comprised of
the following, as applicable:

Lobby/Reception Areas
Staff Offices
Security and Maintenance Office
Storage Rooms
Bedrooms
Shower Rooms
Locker/ Dressing rooms
Laundry Areas
Dining Areas
Kitchens
11

Coffee Shop
Student Lounge
Entertainment Room
Function Rooms
Computer Shop
Concessionaire Shops
12
























Figure Error! No text of specified style in document.-5. Perspective













13



Figure Error! No text of specified style in document.-6. Ground Floor Plan

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Figure Error! No text of specified style in document.-7. Identical Second to Third Floor Plan
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Figure Error! No text of specified style in document.-8. Fourth Floor Plan
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Figure Error! No text of specified style in document.-9. Roof Deck Plan






17


Figure Error! No text of specified style in document.-10. Front Elevation






Figure Error! No text of specified style in document.-11. Rear Elevation












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Figure Error! No text of specified style in document.-12. Left Side Elevation





Figure Error! No text of specified style in document.-13. Right Side Elevation
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Figure Error! No text of specified style in document.-14. Longitudinal and Cross Section









20

Structural Plans

The structural plans shown below are initial working drawings composed of the foundation plan and floor
framing plans. These provide an interim view and details of the structural components of the building.
These plans are inputs from the architect that show the designation of the structural members.


Figure Error! No text of specified style in document.-15. Foundation Plan


21



Figure Error! No text of specified style in document.-16. Second and Third Floor Framing Plan





22




Figure Error! No text of specified style in document.-17. Fourth Floor Framing Plan