7 DENTIN
Physical Characteristics
-light yellow; 1
st
structure formed; supports enamel; highly permeable
-resilient, highly elastic, compensates for enamel brittleness
-formative cell: odontoblast
-sensitive tissue due to formative cell presence
-slightly harder than bone, but softer than enamel
-more radioluscent(black) than enamel, more radiopaque than pulp
-compose as the bulk of the tooth
Chemical Properties
-!" inorganic material in form of hydro#yapatite crystals
-$!" organic with %!"collagen and mucopolysaccharide ground subst
-1!" &$'
-also with ('), *'), +')
Structures
1, -entinal .ubules
-encloses .ome/s fiber; hard structure
-course of dentinal tubules is curved and resembles 0+1
-runs in right angles from pulpal surface
-dentinal tubules similar to enamel rods; building block of the matri#
-terminates in branching network at the 2unction of the
enamel3cementum (becomes smaller branches)
-more tubules in crown that root (more tubules4more sensitive)
-tubules with cytoplasmic process -5 living structure (w3vessels,
nerves)
-straight, near root tip3incisal edge3cusps
$, 'dontoblastic ([Link]/s 6iber
-wider at cell 2#n, thinner as it reaches -78
-cytoplasmic e#tensions of the odontoblast
-line up in single layer peripherally at the pulpal surface (pulp-
predentin border)
-enamel spindle 9 thickened ends of odontoblastic process which is
a cytoplasmic e#tension from odontoblast passing -78, reaching
enamel
-odontoblastic process may have minute branches at -78 which
each branch is enclosed by its own dentinal tube(minerali:ed)
;, (eritubular -entin(<ntertubular -entin)
-dentin that immediately surrounds dentinal tubules
-forms the inner walls of the tubules
-more highly minerali:ed than intertubular dentin
-ring-shaped transparent :one which forms inner wall of dentinal
tubules
), +heath of =eumann 9 boundary between >; and >?
?, <ntertubular -entin -makes up the main body3bulk of dentin
-only seen in cross-section
-located between dentinal tubules3:one of peritubular dentin
-lesser mineral content; with inorganic content
-$ types of dentin: @antle; *ircumpulpal
A, @antle -entin -1?-$!m in diameter
-1
st
formed dentin in the crown, underlying the -78
-root: underlying the granular layers
-found underneath crown enamel; root *783*ementum
-more in organic substance-5less minerali:ed
-bounded by the -78 and the :one of interglobular dentin
-lesser defect found in mantle dentin
B, *ircumpulpal -entin -C-Dnm in thickness
-thicker than mantle dentin
-surround the pulp in crown and root
-form the remaining primary dentin3bulk of tooth
-formed before root completion
C, <ncremental Eines
A, <ncremental Eine of Fon 7bner -groove pattern of dentin
-appear as fine lines or striations of dentin
-run at right angles to dentinal tubules
-reflect the daily rhythmic, recurrent deposition of dentin
matri# as well as a manifestation in the daily formative process
B, *ontour Eines of 'wen
-highly emphasi:ed incremental lines which appear due to
disturbance in the minerali:ation process
*, =eonatal Eine3Ging
-accentuated contour line that separate the dentin that is
formed before(prenatal) and after birth(postnatal) which can be
seen both in 7namel and -entin
-reflects the abrupt change in environment after birth
-prenatal dentin: better quality
-postnatal always found nearest to pulp
, <nterglobular -entin3Areas of 'wen
-small globule3area3island of hypominerali:ed dentin which appear
during minerali:ing disturbance
-globules fail to fuse during minerali:ation(process)
-radiolucent under transmission microscope
-found chiefly in crown underneath 783mantle dentin
-separates the mantle from the circumpulpal dentin
D, .ome/s Hranular Eayer
9minute areas of interglobular dentin found ad2acent to the
cementum
9found only in root area, ad2acent to cementum
9believed to be caused by a coalescing3bending and lopping of the
terminal portions of the terminal tubules
%, .ransparent3+clerotic -entin
9hardening of dentin; *a salt deposited-5turns hardItransparent
9dentin/s response: both physiologic and pathologic
-reduces dentin permeability-5prolong pulp cavity
-stimuli may not only induce formation of addtl dentin, but also lead
to protective changes in the e#isting dentin
-sufficient stimuli may be generated to cause collagen fibers and
appatite crystals to begin appearing the dentinal tubules-5blocking
of the tubules is a defensive reaction of dentin
-tubule is obliterated with mineral which is similar to peritubular
dentin-5transparent dentin
1!, -ead .racks 9 due to death of odontoblast and leave empty
dentinal tubules
-pathologic; appear as dark area in tooth ground section
-demonstrate decreased sensitivity
-initial step of sclerotic dentin formation
-what causes: odontoblast death: attrition; acids; trauma;
operation
-what are the effects: death of tooth, tome/s fiber retract, dentinal
tubules empty
Dentin Types
A, (rimary
9 1
st
formed dentin; thicker, wavier, numerous; regular
-mantle and circumpulpal dentin
-root will complete 1D months after eruption, whole teeth: $-
;yrs after eruption
-after root completion, dentinogenesis slows down and enter
resting3quiescent period then secondary dentin will occur
B, +econdary
-formed right after root is complete
-less wavy, irregular, less numerous
-dark yellow, harder than primary dentin
-found
near the
pulp(narrow
band)
-form
after
touching of
occlusion
-not
formed
uniformly
and appears
in greater
amnt in the
roof and
floor of the
chamber to
protect the
pulp
-physiologic
*, .ertiary3Geparative -this forms at tooth pulp
-pathologic reaction; formed as e#ternal stimulation reaction
-e#: cavities, erosion, abrasion, dental procedures, chemical
agts
-$ types: reactive and reparative
A, Geactive 9dentin from a pre-e#isting 'dontoblast ('B);
reactionary dentin; with e#ternal stimuli; 'B reacting are the same
'B making primary dentin
B, Geparative 9 dentin formed3replaced by newly formed
'B-like cells(from undifferentiated mesenchymal cells); yellowish-
brown; due to death of 'B due to trauma; hard-dentin dissolved by
e#ternal stimuli;
-if 'B process are e#posed3cut due to
trauma3caries: 'B will die or if it lives, it deposit reparative dentin
-'B process are e#posed during trauma; $ things
will happen: 'B die or initiated to form dentin -5 seals off in2ury as
healing process
-another type: osteodentin 9 formed and incorporated or part
of dentinal matri#
-reparative dentin is a sign of repair to seal off in2ury area
Age Changes
-dentin is a vital tissue due to 'dontoblastic process presence
-dentin is formed throughout life
-dentinogenesis slows down after teeth eruption
-pathogenic effects of carries, attrition and trauma cause dentin
changes
(e#: dead tracts, sclerosis, reparative dentin formation)
Dentinogenesis -actual dentin formation; above odontoblasts
-formation begins at the cusp tip after the 'B have differentiated and
begin collagen production
-$ phases sequence in that the collagen matri# is first formed then
calcified
-as each increment of predentin is formed along the pulp order, it
remains a day before it is calcified and the ne#t increment of predentin
forms
-Jorff/s fibers: initial dentin deposition along cusp tip
-$ stages:
1, formation of predentin3uncalcified dentin
KFon Jorff/s 6iber 9 collagen fiber; fan-like arrangement
found in differentiating 'B; formed every 1$ hrs; every ? days: cell will
rest
$, @inerali:ation: $-pattern:
a) globular3calcospheric: found in primary dentin
b) linear calcification: secondary dentin
Clinical Considerations
-advisable to seal e#posed dentin surface with non-irritating, insulating
substance
-the rapid penetration and spread of caries in the dentin is the result of
dentin tubule system
-the dentinal tubules provide a passage for invading bacteria and their
products through dentinal layer
-reparative dentin is stimulated by cavity lining material -5 protect pulp-
5save tooth
Sidenotes: predentin 9 first formed dentin; uncalcified
(hysiologic response: e#pected; (athologic response: stimulus
7namel vs -entin
<ncremental Eines of Get:ius <ncremental Eines of Fon 7bner
Ameloblast 9 amelogenesis 'dontoblast 9 dentinogenesis
%C"-)" inorg-org3&$' !"-$!"-1!" inorg-org &$'
Avascular, non-vital, cannot
regenerate
Fascular, can form tertiary dentin
Lith prenatal and postnatal Lith prenatal, postnatal, mantle,
circumpulpal, primary, secondary,
tertiary dentin