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Dactinomycin: Use, Risks, and Care

Dactinomycin is a cytotoxic antibiotic used to treat various cancers. It works by inhibiting messenger RNA synthesis, causing cell death. Common side effects include alopecia, skin reactions, gastrointestinal issues, and bone marrow suppression. Nurses should administer it carefully by IV only due to its toxicity. They monitor for side effects and educate patients about the drug's risks and symptoms to report.

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Ivanne Hisoler
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0% found this document useful (2 votes)
672 views1 page

Dactinomycin: Use, Risks, and Care

Dactinomycin is a cytotoxic antibiotic used to treat various cancers. It works by inhibiting messenger RNA synthesis, causing cell death. Common side effects include alopecia, skin reactions, gastrointestinal issues, and bone marrow suppression. Nurses should administer it carefully by IV only due to its toxicity. They monitor for side effects and educate patients about the drug's risks and symptoms to report.

Uploaded by

Ivanne Hisoler
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Drug Data Classification Mechanism of Action Indication Contraindications Adverse Reaction Nursing Responsibilities

Generic Name Pharmacologic Cytotoxic: Inhibits synthesis of General Concentrations Dermatologic: Before
Dactinomycin Class messenger RNA, causing cell Indications - Allergy to dactinomycin Alopecia, skin eruptions, - Observe 15 rights in drug
Actinomycin death; cell cycle nonspecicfic. - Wilm's tumor, - Chickenpox acne, erythema, administration.
Trade Name antibiotic rhabdomyosarcoma, - Herpes zoster (severe increased pigmentation - Assess for allergy to dactinomycin.
Cosmegen Pharmacokinetics Ewing's sarcoma, in generalized disease and of previously irritated - Assess for other contraindications.
Therapeutic Class D: Crosses placenta; may enter combination therapy death could result) skin - Reconstitute by adding 1.1 mL of
Dosages Antibiotic breast milk - Testicular cancer - Pregnancy sterile water for injection to vial, creating
15 mcg/kg/day Antineoplastic M: Hepatic (metastatic - Lactation GI: Cheilitis, dysphagia, a 500 mcg/mL concentration solution.
or 400-600 E: Feces, urine nonseminomatous) esophagiitis, ulcerative - Use strict handling procedures. Drug is
mcg/m2 per day Pregnancy Risk in combination Precaution stomatitis, pharyngitis, extremely toxic to skin and eyes.
for 5 days Factor Drug Half Life - Gestational - Bone marrow suppression anorexia, abdominal
D 36 hours trophoblastic - Radiation therapy pain, diarrhea, GI During
Contents neoplasia, as - Reduced renal and hepatic ulceration, nausea, - Administer drug IV only.
Dactinomycin monotherapy or in function vomiting, hepatotoxicity - Do not give IM or subcutaneously;
combination severe local reaction may occur.
Availability - Palliative treatment Drug interaction - Monitor injection site for extravasation,
and color or adjunct to tumor Drug to lab test GU: Renal burning or stinging.
Powder for resection via - Inaccurate bioassay abnormalities - For IV injection, inject over 2-3
injection: 500 isolation-perfusion procedure results for minutes.
mcg technique for solid determination of antibacterial Hematologic: Anemia, - For IV infusion, infuse slowly over 20-
malignancies drug levels aplastic anemia, 30 minutes.
Routes of agranulocytosis, - Protect drug from light.
administration thrombocytopenia,
Intravenous leukopenia, After
pancytopenia, - Dispose of used materials properly.
reticulopenia, - Educate patient about side effects.
- Inform that adverse effects of drug may
Local: Tissue necrosis not occur immediately.
at sites of extravasation - Instruct to report severe GI upset,
diarrhea, vomiting, fever, burning or pain
Other: Malaise, fever, at injection site, unusual bleeding or
fatigue, lethargy, bruising, severe mouth sores, sore
myalgia, hypocalcemia, throat, GI lesions.
death, increased - Instruct patient to have regular medical
incidence of second follow-up, including blood tests to
primary tumors with monitor the drug's effects.
radiation - Do proper documentation.
Source: Source: Source: Source: Source: Source: Source:
Karch, Amy: 2009 Karch, Amy: 2009 Karch, Amy: 2009 Lippincott’s Nursing Drug Karch, Amy: 2009 Karch, Amy: 2009 Lippincott’s Karch, Amy: 2009 Lippincott’s Karch, Amy: 2009 Lippincott’s Nursing Drug Guide,
Lippincott’s Nursing Lippincott’s Nursing Drug Guide, pp. 341-342 Lippincott’s Nursing Drug Nursing Drug Guide, pp. 341-342 Nursing Drug Guide, p. 342 pp. 342-343
Drug Guide, p. 341- Guide, p. 341 Guide, pp. 341
342

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