Lower Limb Anatomy Quiz
Questions Answers
What is the longest vein in the body? Great saphenous
How many valves are in the great
saphenous vein?
10 to 20
Name the cutaneous nerves outlining
the course of the Sartorius muscle
Lateral, intermediate and medial
cutaneous nerves of the thigh
The great saphenous vein pierces the
fascia lata and empties into which
vein?
Femoral vein
Identify the clinical condition of
abdominal visceral protrusion into the
femoral canal
Femoral hernia
What structures are contained in the
cone-shaped femoral sheath?
Femoral artery, vein and lymphatics
What are the boundaries of the femoral
triangle?
Sartorius, adductor longus and inguinal
ligament
What are the boundaries of the femoral
ring?
Ventral: inguinal ligament
Dorsal: pectineus muscle and fascia
Lateral: femoral vein
Medial: Lacunar ligament
What nerve lies lateral to the femoral
artery?
Femoral nerve
What are the three major branches of
the femoral artery, arising either
independently or from a common
branch?
Lateral and medial femoral circumflex
arteries and profunda femoris artery.
What fascial canal begins at the
femoral triangle apex and ends at the
hiatus of the adductor magnus?
Hunters canal
What muscle, enclosed by fascia lata,
pulls on the iliotibial tract when
contracted?
Tensor fascia lata
As the femoral artery passes through
the adductor hiatus, it changes its
name to what artery?
Popliteal
Describe the origin of the rectus
femoris muscle
Straight head: anterior inferior iliac
spine
Reflected head: acetabulum
The adductor muscle group inserts
onto what common ridge?
Linea aspera
The profunda femoris artery travels
between what two adductor muscles?
Adductor longus, pectineus
The tendons of which four muscles
form the patellar ligament?
Rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus
medialis, vastus intermedius
The femoral nerve innervates which
lower limb muscles?
Iliacus, pectineus, quadriceps femoris,
sartorius
Name the muscles innervated by the
obturator nerve.
Adductor group, Gracilis, Obturator
externus
On what tubercle of the medial
epicondyle of the femur is the insertion
for the hamstring component of the
adductor magnus?
Adductor tubercle
What sesamoid bone forms in the
quadriceps femoris tendon?
Patella
Which muscle receives innervation
from both the obturator and sciatic
nerves?
Adductor magnus
What structures traverse the greater
sciatic foramen above the piriformis?
Superior gluteal nerve and vessels
Which structures traverse the greater
sciatic foramen below the piriformis?
Inferior gluteal nerves and vessels,
posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh,
pudendal nerve and internal pudendal
vessels, sciatic nerve
Which muscles does the inferior gluteal
nerve innervate?
Gluteus maximus
Which muscles does the superior
gluteal nerve innervate?
Gluteus medius and minimus, tensor
fascia lata
What is the largest nerve in the body? Sciatic (L4,5; S1-3)
What structures traverse the lesser
sciatic foramen?
Internal pudendal vessels?, obturator
internus muscle, pudendal nerve?
What muscles insert on the iliotibial
tract
Gluteus maximus, tensor fascia lata
What structure allows the gluteus
maximus to slide over the grater
trochanter of the femur?
Trochanteric bursa
What common action do muscles
innervated by the superior gluteal
nerve perform?
Abduction of the femur
The obturator internus tendon lies
between which two other lateral
rotators of the femur?
Superior and inferior gemellus muscles
Where in the gluteal region should an
intramuscular injection be
administered?
Upper outer quadrant
What muscles form the borders of the
diamond shaped popliteal fossa?
Biceps femoris, gastrocnemius,
semimembranosus, semitendinosus
Which two nerves contribute to the
formation of the sural nerve, the nerve
that takes over for the posterior
cutaneous nerve of the thigh?
Medial and lateral sural cutaneous
nerves
The tendo calcaneus forms from which
two muscles?
Gastrocnemius, solus
The sciatic nerve gives rise to what two
major nerves in the posterior thigh?
Common peroneal, tibial
What are the two major actions of the
hamstring muscles?
Flexion of the knee joint, extension of
the hip joint
Name the muscles that comprise the
hamstrings
Adductor magnus, biceps femoris,
semimembranosus, semitendinosus
From what common site do the
hamstrings originate?
Ischial tuberosity
Why doesnt the short head of biceps
femoris belong to the hamstring
group?
Originates from the shaft of the femur,
and is innervated by the common
peroneal nerve.
What nerve innervates the hamstring? Sciatic
Which superficial group of muscles in
the posterior compartment of the leg
receives innervation from the tibial
nerve?
Gastrocnemius, plantaris, soleus
What vessel is the major supplier of
blood to the hamstrings?
Profunda femoris artery