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Analogue vs Digital Circuits Explained

Digital circuits use a finite number of voltage levels to represent information as 1s and 0s, whereas analog circuits represent information continuously through varying voltage levels. Digital circuits have advantages like easier design, greater accuracy and precision, and less noise sensitivity. Systems can be either fully digital, fully analog, or hybrid systems that employ both analog and digital techniques. Key aspects of digital signals include logic levels, rise/fall times, pulse width, and duty cycle. Digital integrated circuits are classified based on the number of gate circuits per chip from small to very large scale integration. Decimal and binary are the main number systems, with decimal using base 10 and binary using base 2. Decimal subtraction can be done using 9's or 10's complement methods involving

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Sreejith Vanery
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23 views2 pages

Analogue vs Digital Circuits Explained

Digital circuits use a finite number of voltage levels to represent information as 1s and 0s, whereas analog circuits represent information continuously through varying voltage levels. Digital circuits have advantages like easier design, greater accuracy and precision, and less noise sensitivity. Systems can be either fully digital, fully analog, or hybrid systems that employ both analog and digital techniques. Key aspects of digital signals include logic levels, rise/fall times, pulse width, and duty cycle. Digital integrated circuits are classified based on the number of gate circuits per chip from small to very large scale integration. Decimal and binary are the main number systems, with decimal using base 10 and binary using base 2. Decimal subtraction can be done using 9's or 10's complement methods involving

Uploaded by

Sreejith Vanery
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Digital

Digitcuital and analog system


Analog circuits are those voltage and current varies continuously. They can take infinite values within specified range
Digital circuit in which the voltage levels finite. Also called switching circuits or logic circuits
Advantages of digital circuits
1. Easier to design
2. Information storage is easy
3. Accuracy and precision are greater
4. More versatile
5. Less affected by noise
6. Can be fabricated on IC chips
Hybrid system
Both analog and digital techniques can be employed in a same system. Such system are called hybrid system
Logic levels and pulse wave form
Positive logic
If the high (+5) voltage is used to represent 1 and low(0) voltage is used to represent 0
Negative logic
If the high(+5) voltage is used to represent 0 and low (0) voltage is used to represent 1
Normally 0=0V and +5=1V
Usually 0 to 0.8V represent logic 0 and 2 to 5 V represent logic 1
Rise time
The time taken by the pulse to rise from low to high . (10% to 90% of pulse amplitude)
Fall time
The time taken by the pulse to go from high to low (90% to 10% of pulse amplitude)
Pulse width
Time between the 50% points on the rising and falling edge
Duty cycle= ON time (pulse width)/ time period (ON time + OFF time)
Digital IC
Level of integration
Small scale integration (SSI).less than 12 gate circuits per chip eg: logic gates and flip flop
Medium scale integration(MSI).. with 12 t0 99 gate circuits per chip eg: encoder, decoder etc
Large scale integration (LSI).. with 100 t0 9999 gate circuits per chip eg: small memories & small ps
Very large scale integration (VLSI). From 10000 to 99999 gate circuits per chip eg: large memories & large ps
Ultra large scale integration (ULSI).over100000 gate circuits per chip eg: very large memories & very large ps
Number system
The decimal number system
The decimal system contains 10 symbols 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,there for base or radix is ten. It is a positional weighted
system. Each symbol in the number is called digit. Left most digit in any number is called most significant digit(MSD). Which
has the greatest positional weight. The right most digit which has the least positional weight is called (LSD).
In general d
n
,d
n-1
d
n-2
.. d
1
d
0
.d
-1
d
-2
d
-k
Nines and Tens compliments
The 9s compliment of a decimal is obtained by subtracting each digit of that decimal number from 9. The 10s
compliment is obtained by adding 1 to its 9s compliment.
Eg: find the 9s & 10s compliments of 3465
Solution: 9 9 9 9-
3 4 6 5
9s compliment 6 5 3 4+
1
10s compliment 6 5 3 5
End around carry : To perform decimal subtraction using 9s compliment method ,obtain the 9s compliment of the
subtrahend and add it to minuend . If there is carry indicates that the answer is positive. Add the carry to the LSD of the
intermediate result. The carry is called end around carry. If there is no carry indicate answer is negative and the
intermediate result is its 9s compliment form. Take the 9s compliment to get the result.
Eg: subtract 745.81 from 436.62 using 9s compliment eg: 436.62-745.81
9s compliment of 436.62 is 563.37
745.81+ 436.62+
563.37 254.18
1 309.18+ 690.19
1 result. -309.19
309.19
To perform decimal subtraction using 10s compliment method, obtain the 10s compliment of the subtrahend and add it to
minuend . If there is carry indicates that the answer is positive, ignore it. The result itself is the answer. If there is no carry
indicate answer is negative and the result is obtained by taking the 10s compliment and place negative sign in front of the
result
Eg: 2928.54-416.73 eg: 416.73-2928.54

2928.54+ 416.73+
416.73 7071.27
1 2511.81 ignore the carry 7488.81 result =-2511.81
Binary number system
It is a positional weighted system. The base or radix is 2. Hence it has two symbols. A binary digit is called bit.

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