Replication of DNA
The process of copying DNA in a cell is called _____________________. During replication the two ____________________ chains separate by unwinding, each chain serves as a ___________________ for a new nucleotide chain. The first step is the separation of the two __________________ chains. The point at which two chains separate is called the ___________________. The chains are separated by ________________ called ___________________. As the helicase enzymes move along the DNA molecule, they break hydrogen _______________ between complementary bases, and the chain separates. Enzymes called DNA _______________________ bind (or attach) the separated chains of DNA. As DNA ______________________ move along the separated chains, new chains of DNA are __________________________ (or put together) using nucleotides in the surround medium that are complementary to the existing DNA chains (T needs an A, A needs a T, C needs a G, and G needs a C). Nucleotides are joined to the new chains by covalent ________________ between deoxyribose _________________ and __________________ groups. They are joined to the original nucleotide chain by hydrogen ______________. The complementary nature of the two chains of DNA is the foundation for _________________ DNA replication. Suppose that a sequence of nucleotides in one chain of the original DNA molecule is A-T-TC-C-G. DNA __________________ would produce a new nucleotide chain with the sequence T-A-A-G-G-C. DNA replication does not begin at one end of the molecule and proceed to the other. Rather, DNA ___________________ begin replication simultaneously (at the same time) at many points along the separated nucleotide chains. Replication occurring simultaneously (at the same time) at different sites permits ___________ DNA replication. When replication is completed, _______ new copies of the original DNA molecule are produced and the cell is ready to undergo cell _______________ (or to make a copy of itself MITOSIS). Each new DNA molecule consists of one new nucleotide chain joined by hydrogen ___________ to a _________________ chain from the original DNA molecule.
Guided Notes DNA Replication
Name: ______________________________________________ Period: _______________
1. The goal of DNA replication is to make ______
____________________________________ copies.
2. In the cell cycle, DNA is __________________ in S phase of Interphase. 3. Your cells do this so that after Mitosis the two new cells have DNA that is _________________________.
DNA Structure
4. What three things make one nucleotide? Label where they are in this picture. ___________________. How many? _______ ___________________. How many? _______ ___________________. How many? _______
5. A (adenine) and G (guanine) are _________________________. They have __________ rings. 6. C (cytosine) and T (thymine) are _________________________. They have __________ ring. 7. 5 (five prime) end has the ______________________ on top. 8. 3 (three prime) end has the ____________________ on top. 9. ______ is like the beginning of a book and ______ prime is like the end of a book. ALWAYS read from _____ to _____.
S Sugar P - Phosphate
Base Pairs
S Sugar P - Phosphate
DNA Replication Steps
Now the cool stuff happens!! [Link] DNA strands are unzipped by the enzyme _________________________. ________________________strand forms from the 5 to the 3 end using DNA __________________________. The leading strand is continuous (just keeps going with no breaks). No problem! ________________________ strand has some problems. It has to form from 5 to 3 too! If forms in pieces called Okazaki ________________________. First RNA primase lays down an RNA primer. Then DNA ______________________ lays down the DNA. The process repeats itself again and again. Next DNA polymerase replaces the RNA primers with ______. DNA _______________ links the Okazaki fragments together. At the end of DNA replication the one strand of DNA what we stared with (parent strand) becomes _____ daughter strands of DNA that are ____________________ to the parent strand.