Selected MCQs in General Biology 1- Synthesis and breakdown of polymers is made by a- dehydration and condensation b- dehydration and hydration

c- addition of water molecule only d- removal of water molecule only -!ne of the following macromolecules is not a polymer a- Cellulose b- Starch c- "ucleic acid d- Se# hormones $- %- glycosidic linkages is present in the polymers of a- &mylose b- &mylopectin c- Cellulose d- Glycogen '- &ll of the following is true about hydrogenated vegetable oils( )*C)+, !") a- ,hey were unsaturated b- ,hey turned to be saturated c- &re li-uid at room temperatures d- &re solid at room temperatures .- +hospholipids are amphipatic because of their a- hydrophobic head and hydrophilic tails b- hydrophilic head and hydrophilic tails c- hydrophobic tails and hydrophilic heads d- hydrophobic tails and hydrophobic tails /- Steroids are synthesi0ed from cholesterol by a- changes in the four fused carbon rings b- different substitutions on the side chains c- deletion of one ring d- addition of one more ring 1- ,riacylglycerol is a lipid molecule constructed from $ fatty acids attached to one molecule of glycerol by a- 2( 1-' glycosidic linkage b- peptide bond c- ester linkage d- %( 1-' glycosidic likage 3- & phospholipids molecule is similar to a fat molecule but it has only------fatty acids a- three b- one c- two d- four 4- ,ertiary protein is a- single polypeptide with %-heli# formation b- single polypeptide with 2-pleated sheets formations c- single polypeptide with %-heli# formation and 2-pleated sheets formations d- with %-heli# formation and 2-pleated sheets formations on two polypeptides 15- !ne of the following chemical bonds is not involved in the folding of protein a- hydrogen bonds b- hydrophobic bonds c- ionic bonds d- peptide bonds 11- +roteins of hair( horns( feathers and other skin appendages is a- storage protein b- en0ymatic protein c- hormonal protein d- structural protein 1 - ,he first step in the cycle of an en0yme is a- substrate binds to en0yme b- substrate converted c- products released d- en0yme become free 1$- &ll polypeptides have the same 6backbone7 structure but they differ in their 687 groups only

a- true

b- false

1'- ,he polynucleotide is characteri0ed by the followings )*C)+, !") a- usually present in double-strands b- each strand has $9 end and .9 end c- strands are in a parallel arrangement d- "itrogenous bases are in a complementary arrangement between the two strands 1.- :or se-uence of .9-&GG,CCG-$9( there is a complementary se-uence a- .9-&CCG,&&G-$9 b- $9-,CC&GGC-.9 c- $9-,GG&CC*-.9 d- .9-,CC&GGC-$9 1/- )lectron microscopy provide high magnification and resolution because it uses a- a beam of ;< b- the blue light spectrum c- a beam of electrons d- a beam of protons 11- +rokaryotic cells( they have ="& is present in a- nucleus b- nucleiod c- nucleolus d- mitochondria 13- &ll cells are bound by plasma membrane( but not all cells have cell wall a- true b- false 14- ,he protein associated with protein folding and discovered in the bacteria E. coli is called a- hemoglobin b- collagen c- chaperonin d- lysosome 5- "ucleic acids are polymers of the following monomers a- nucleosides b- nucleotides c- pentose sugar d- he#ose-phosphate sugar 1- & male >man? with a defected dynin is likely to become sterile because his sperms a- are not formed b- not active c- can not swim d- have no flagellum - "uclear membranes are( )*C)+, !") a- part of the endoplasmic membranes system b- continuous with the endoplasmic membranes c- outer and inner membranes are connected by pore comple#es d- outer membrane contains no ribosomes $- "uclear lamina is made of a- microtubules b- microfilaments c- intermediate filaments d- microtubules and microfilaments '- 8ibosomes are( )*C)+, !") a- made of two protein subunits b- some are present on the surface of the rough )8 c- some are present free in the cytosole d- they are bound by single membrane .- ,he en0ymes of the smooth )8 are important to synthesis of@ )*C)+, !") a- oils b- phospholipids c- steroids d- carbohydrates /- Cells in the testes and ovaries are rich in

a- smooth )8

b- rough )8 c- lysosmes

d- pero#iosomes

1- !ne of the following is a mismatch a- bound ribiosomesAsecretory proteins b- bound reibososmesAnuclear outer membrane c- free ribosomesAcytoplasmic en0ymes d- free ribosomesAsecretory proteins 3- )n0ymes of the lysosomes function in the following )*C)+, !") a- phagocytosis b- &utopahgy c- lipid digestion d- work better in basic>alkaline? medium 4- ,he free ribosomes of the mitochondria are present in its a- Bnter-membrane space b- Mitochondrial matri# c- on the outer-membrane d- on the cristae of the inner membrane $5- ,he grana are made of a- stacked thylakoids b- Stroma c- inner chloroplast membranes d- outer chloroplast membrane $1- +ero#isomes are characteri0ed by the following )*C)+, !") a- bound by single membrane b- +roduce C ! c- Converts C ! to water d- bud from the endo-membrane system $ - Centrosome is characteri0ed by a- two centrioles each one is made of 4 triplets of microtubules b- ,wo ceneriles each one is made of >4D ? pattern of microtubules c- one centriole made of 4 triplets of microtubules d- not identical with the basal body $$- :lagella and cilia are@ )*C)+ !") a- bound by the plasma membrane b- anchored to the basal body c- have a core of 4 duplets outer plus central microtubules d- Both are anchored to the plasma membrane $'- Motor protein is involved in one of the following a- Movement of the flagella in prokaryote cell b- +seudopodia formation c- movement of cilia and flagella in eukaryote cells d- Cytoplasmic streaming inside plant cells $.- Bilayer phospholipids membranes are a- fluid when their lipid contains unsaturated fatty acids b- viscous when their lipid contains unsaturated fatty acids c- fluid when their lipid contains saturated fatty acids d- fluid when they contain more cholesterol $/- & hybrid cell made by fusion of mouse and man 8BCs indicated a- proteins of the membrane move side way

b- proteins of the membrane undergo 6flip-flap7 c- proteins of the membrane do not move at all d- phospholipid molecules do 6flip-flap7 $1- lycoprotein( glycolipid and fibers are components of the a- )CM or outer surface of the plasma membrane b- Cytoplasmic side of the membrane c- both sides of the plasma membrane d- the inside of the plasma membrane it self $3- & bacterial transport protein( bacterirhodopsin is characteri0ed by )*C)+, !") a- integral protein with 1 transmembrane helices b- with "-terminus outside cell and C-terminus inside cytoplasm c- 2 heli# >1 helices? hydrophobic and non-helical hydrophilic d- Bt is a peripheral protein attached to microfilaments cytoskeletone $4- Biological membranes are permeable and selective because@ )*C)+, !") a- made of bilayer of phospholipids and proteins b- being hydrophobic inside >in their center? and hydrophilic on both surfaces c- they have channels and carriers d- some of their transport proteins act only when become phosphorylated '5- !smosis is characteri0ed by a- diffusion of water molecules across non - permeable membrane b- it is an active process re-uiring &,+ c - water diffusion from hypotonic to hypertonic solution across semipermeable membrane d- water diffusion from hypertonic to hypotonic solution across semipermeable membrane 1-,he most prevalent and effective catabolic pathway in living cells is( a- :ermentation b- Cellular respiration c- +hotosynthesis d- all of the above is correct -Eoss of electrons from one substance is called a-!#idation b-8eduction c-=ehydrogenation d-+hosphorylation $-Cell division results in a- Genetically identical daughter cells b- Genetically not identical daughter cells c- =aughter cells with different genomes d- &ll of the above is correct '- !ffspring ac-uire genes from parents by inheriting a- Chromosomes b- Cytoplasm c- "eucleotides d- 8"& .- &ddition of electrons to another substance is called a- !#idation b- 8eduction c- =ehydrogenation d- +hosphorylation D /- "&= becomes "&=CDC in conFunction with the en0yme called( a- =ehydrogenase b- Cydrogenase c- Glucosidase d- Ginase 1- 8espiration uses ------- mechanism in a HstepwiseH manner of energy release a- Glycolysis b- Citric acid cycle c- )lectron transport chain d- all of the above 3- Eiving cells generate &,+ by a- !#idative phosphorylation b- Substrate level phosphorylation c- Both of the above d- none of the above

4- )nergy investment phase in glycolysis for one glucose molecule is ----&,+ molecules and energy payoff is ----&,+ and ---- "&=C molecules a- ( '( and b- '( ( and c- ( ( and ' d- ( ( and 15- !ne of the following happens in the cytosol a- Glycolysis b- Citric acid cycle c- )lectron ,ransport Chain d- release of C! 11- Citric acid cycle produces ----- "&=C molecules and ------&,+ molecules on substrate level and -------:&=C molecules from each one pyruvate molecule a- $( 1( and 1 b- /( ( and c- 1( 1( and $ d- ( ( and / 1 - ,he first C! produced via cellular respiration comes as a- the carbo#yl group >-C!!-? of pyruvate is removed b- acetate react with Co& c- &cetyle Co& is formed d- &cetyle Cc& breaks down 1$- +yruvate is transported from cytosol into mitochondria via@ a- &ctive transport b- +assive transport c- Simple diffusion d- :acilitated passive transport 1'- &,+- Synthase > a Molecular Mill? is a membrane protein comple# with itIs knob facing mitochondrial matri# is powered by a- the flow of hydrogen ions b- &,+ c- &=+ d- +i 1.- Bf the outer membrane of a mitochondrion get rupture >cut or broken? the following process stop functioning a- Chemiosmosis b- Glycolysis c- ),C d- Citric acid cycle 1/- !#idative phosphorylation include a- ),C and Chemiosmosis b- ),C only c- Chemiosmosis only d- Glycolysis and fermentation 11- ,he "&=C produced via glycolysis and upon electron shuttle span membrane into the mitochondria may go in at energy level of :&=C then respiration produce--&,+ from each one glucose molecule a- $/ b- $3 c- $5 d- 13 13- Cytokinesis is the division of a- Cytoplasm b- "ucleus c- "ucleolus d- Cytosol 14- !ne of the following is not part of the interphase in cell cycle a- Metaphase b- Gap 1 c- Gap d- S-phase 5- ="& synthesis happens during the ----in the cell cycle a- S-phase b- G c- G1 d- +rometaphase 1- Ginetochore microtubules are established at a- +rophase b- +rometaphase c- Metaphase d- &naphase - !ne of the following is the longest phase in mitosis a- +rophase b- +rometaphase c- Metaphase d- &naphase $- ,he two sister chromatids of each pair suddenly part becoming chromosomes at the shortest stage of mitosis called a- +rometaphase b- Metaphase c- &naphase d- ,elophase '- Ginitochore microtubules actually pull the new chromosomes apart from each other proved by a- presence of motor protein at the kinetochore attachment b- &ccumulation of tubulin subunits at this stage c- Ginetochore microtubules section between marker and chromosomes become shorter d- all of the above is correct .- Cytokinesis in animal cells is accomplished by a- Cleavage furrow made by contractile ring of microfilaments b- Cleavage ring made by microtubules

c- Binary fission d- Cell plate formation /- &n M phase cell fused with another G1 phase cell( and then the chromosomes of the latter one become made of a- two sister chromatids b- no chromatids formed c- long not condensed d- contains the same amount of ="& as the M cell 1- ,he following Checkpoint of mammalian cells is called Hrestriction pointH a- G1 b- G c- M d- G and G 3- =ividing cells will pass G checkpoint only when the following molecules reach high concentration a- Cdk b- M+: c- Cyclin only d- Ginase 4- !ne of the following is not an e#ternal physical factor on cell division a- +=G: b- =ensity J dependant inhibition c- &nchoring dependant d- limited number of cells per given surface areaK $5- Metastasis is the spread of a- Cancer cells b- Benign tumor cells c- Malignant tumor cells d- a and c is correct $1- ,he following kind of reproduction does not involve meiosis a- &se#ual reproduction and clone formation b- &lternation of generations c- Se#ual life cycle in animals d- Se#ual life cycle in some fungi $ - & karyotype of a normal somatic human cell at metaphase shows apairs of autosomes plus * and L chromosomes b- '/ sister chromatids c- $ chromosomes dD 1 chromosomes $$- &s a result of crossing over during meiosis the chromosomes will be a- 8ecombinant and parental chromosomes b- 8ecombinant chromosomes only c- +aternal Chromosomes only d- Maternal Chromosomes only $'- Bn plants and some algae the se#ual life cycle involves an Halternation of generationH where@ a- haploid spores divide by mitosis producing gametophytes b- =iploid 0ygote divides by mitosis producing sporophytes c- Gametes are produced by mitosis and haploid spores are produced by meiosis d- all of the above is correct $.- Bn the se#ual life cycle of most fungi and some protists the only diploid stage is a- ,he 0ygote b- the multicellular organism c- Gametes d- Spores $/- Meiosis reduces the number of chromosome sets from@ a- diploid to haploid b- n to 1M n c- n to n d- a and c is correct $1- ,he diploid number of chromosomes is reduces in half via the following stage of meiosis a- Meiosis B b- Meiosis BB c- Meiosis B and BB d- Bnterphase $3- Chiasmata and crossing over occurs during the following phase of meiosis a- +rophase B b- +rophase BB c- Metaphase B d- Metaphase BB $4- ,he centromere of each chromosome divide during the following phase of meiosis a- &naphase B b- &naphase BB c- Metaphase B d- Metaphase BB '5- Crossing over and e#change of chromatin segments happen between--------of the tetrads bind together by synaptonemal protein a- "on-sister chromatids of homolog chromosomes b- Sister chromatids of homolog chromosomes c- non-sister chromatids of non-homolog chromosomes d- Sister chromatids of non-homolog chromosomes