Introduction to

Amazon Web Services

Thilina Gunarathne Salsa Group, Indiana University. With contributions from Saliya Ekanayake.

Introduction
Fourth Paradigm Data intensive scientific discovery
DNA Sequencing machines, LHC

Commercial Cloud Platforms

Amazon Web Services Microsoft Azure Platform Google AppEngine

Cloud Computing
On demand computational services over web
Spiky compute needs of the scientists

Horizontal scaling with no additional cost

Increased throughput

Cloud infrastructure services

Storage, messaging, tabular storage Cloud oriented services guarantees Virtually unlimited scalability

Amazon Web Services

Compute
Elastic Compute Service (EC2) Elastic MapReduce Auto Scaling

Database
SimpleDB Relational Database Service (RDS)

Storage
Simple Storage Service (S3) Elastic Block Store (EBS) AWS Import/Export

Content Delivery
CloudFront

Networking
Elastic Load Balancing Virtual Private Cloud

Messaging
Simple Queue Service (SQS) Simple Notification Service (SNS)

Monitoring
CloudWatch

Workforce
Mechanical Turk

Amazon Web Services

Compute
Elastic Compute Service (EC2) Elastic MapReduce Auto Scaling

Database
SimpleDB Relational Database Service (RDS)

Storage
Simple Storage Service (S3) Elastic Block Store (EBS) AWS Import/Export

Content Delivery
CloudFront

Networking
Elastic Load Balancing Virtual Private Cloud

Messaging
Simple Queue Service (SQS) Simple Notification Service (SNS)

Monitoring
CloudWatch

Workforce
Mechanical Turk

Demo Application
Job queue based embarrassingly parallel application execution
BLAST, Monte Carlo simulations, many image processing applications, parametric studies

Cap3 Sequence Assembly*

Assembles DNA sequences by aligning and merging sequence fragments to construct whole genome sequences Executable available at [Link]

Demo programs
[Link]
* Huang, X. and Madan, A. (1999) CAP3: A DNA sequence assembly program. Genome Res., 9, 868-877.

Sequence Assembly in the Clouds

Cap3 parallel efficiency

Cap3 Per core per file (458 reads in each file) time to process sequences

Cost to assemble to process 4096 FASTA files*

Amazon AWS total :11.19 $
Compute 1 hour X 16 HCXL (0.68$ * 16) 10000 SQS messages Storage per 1GB per month Data transfer out per 1 GB = 10.88 $ = 0.01 $ = 0.15 $ = 0.15 $ = 15.36 $ = 0.01 $ = 0.15 $ = 0.10 $ + 0.15 $

Azure total : 15.77 $

Compute 1 hour X 128 small (0.12 $ * 128) 10000 Queue messages Storage per 1GB per month Data transfer in/out per 1 GB

Tempest (amortized) : 9.43 $

24 core X 32 nodes, 48 GB per node Assumptions : 70% utilization, write off over 3 years, including support
*

~ 1 GB / 1875968 reads (458 reads X 4096)

Architecture

Security Credentials
Access Keys
Making a REST or Query API request JAVA SDK for S3, SQS, SimpleDB

EC2 Key Pairs

Launching/connecting to EC2 instances

X.509 Certificate
SOAP API Command line tools

AWS Toolkit for Eclipse

Open source plug-in for Eclipse AWS Java SDK
Java API for AWS services

Amazon SimpleDB management

Configure, edit, query

Amazon EC2 management

Deploy, debug, manage

Installing AWS Toolkit in Eclipse

Installing
Java 1.5 or higher Eclipse 3.5 or higher (Java EE distribution recommended) [Link] [Link] [Link]

Simple Storage Service (S3)

Internet Data Storage
Reliable, Simple, Scalable, and Inexpensive

Three Concepts
Buckets
Analogous to a folder with no nesting URL accessible Option to enforce geographical constraints

Objects
Actual data stored in buckets, e.g. PDF, Video, etc. Up to 5 gigabytes Unlimited number of objects Retrievable via HTTP, HTTPS, or BitTorrent Private, public or selectively for users

Keys
Unique key to identify each object in a bucket

Simple Storage Service (S3)

Access Logs
Option to enable to logs for buckets

Pricing
Data storage
0.15$ per GB for first 50TB to 0.055$ per GB for over 5000TB

Data transfer in
0.1$ per GB (free till Nov,2010)

Data Transfer out

0.15$ per GB up to 10TB to 0.08$ per GB for over 150TB

Requests
PUT, COPY, POST, LIST -> 0.01 $ per 1000 requests Others -> 0.01$ for 10,000 requests

Reduced Redundant Storage

2/3 of the storage cost

Using S3 as the Data Storage

S3 management console Uploading the input data to S3 Downloading/uploading files (s3 objects) programmatically Run Sample
AWSStepOne eclipse project

AWS Import/Export
Accelerates Moving Large Scale Data
In to and out of AWS using portable storage Utilized Amazons high-speed internal network Often faster than Internet upload/download for large data

Simple Steps
Prepare a portable storage device Request AWS with S3 bucket, key, and shipping address Receive an ID, digital signature, an AWS shipping address Identify and authenticate storage device with digital signature Ship it and wait for Amazon to ship it back

Data migration, content distribution, offsite backup, disaster recovery, direct data interchange

Simple Queue Service

Reliable and Scalable Distributed Messaging Framework
Create, store, and retrieve text messages (up to 8 KB) Eventual consistency

Messages
Stored until retrieved or four days MessageID, ReceiptHandle, MD5OfBody, Body

Queues
Possible to create unlimited number of queues

Concerns
Queue order, i.e. FIFO, is not guaranteed Message deletion in a queue is not guaranteed Querying a queue is not guaranteed to return all messages Guarantee at least once delivery, but not exactly once

Simple Queue Service

Visibility Timeout
When received, the message will be locked in the queue for a given time Message reappears when the lock expires, unless deleted by the earlier recipient

Access through REST as well as SOAP APIs Queue sharing Pricing

0.01$ for 10,000 requests Data transfer in
0.10$ per GB after Nov, 2010

Data transfer out

0.15$ per GB up to 10TB TO 0.08$ per GB over 150 TB

Using the Queue to Schedule Jobs

Queue Operations
CreateQueue putMessage getMessage
visibility time out

deleteMessage

Fault tolerance Run sample

AWSSampleTwo Eclipse project

Simple Notification Service (SNS)

Notification Service
Scalable, flexible, and cost-effective Topic based publishing Multiple protocol support, e.g. HTTP, email, etc. Eliminates polling through push mechanism

Simple Steps
Create a topic
Identify subject or event type

Set policies
Publisher/subscriber limiting, protocol, etc.

Add subscribers Publish message

SimpleDB
Non-relational data store
No need to pre-define schema

Dataset Indexing and Querying Framework

Highly available, scalable, secure, and fast Store and retrieve structured data Eventual consistency
Optional consistent reads

No transactions
Conditional puts/deletes
Condition based on existing value

SimpleDB
Domains
Containers to store and query structured data
Analogous to a spreadsheet

No cross domain querying

Items
Individual objects within domains
Analogous to a row in worksheet Contains attributes with values; similar to columns and cells

SimpleDB
Limitations
Domain size, domains per AWS account, Attributes, etc.

Pricing
Free tier
25 machine hours, 1 GB storage

Machine utilization
0.14$ per machine hour

Data transfer in
0.10$ per GB after Nov, 2010

Data transfer out

0.15$ per GB up to 10TB TO 0.08$ per GB over 150 TB

Structured storage
0.25$ per GB per month

Using the SimpleDB for monitoring & metadata storage

Operations
CreateDomain ReplaceableItem List batchPutAttributes

Run sample
AWSSampleThree Eclipse project

Check the Eclipse SimpleDB management view

Relational Database Service (RDS)

Relational Database as-a-service
Full capabilities of MySQL database Easy deployment, managed, secure, scalable, and reliable

Simple Steps
Use AWS Management Console/API to launch a database instance (DB Instance) Connect to DB Instance with any MySQL supported tool Monitor through Amazon CloudWatch

Features
Automated backups DB snapshots Multi-AZ deployments
Enhanced availability though multiple availability zones

SimpleDB vs RDS
SimpleDB
No administrative burden at all Scales up/down automatically Highly available
No downtime

No joins, no transactions Flexible

RDS
Existing applications that require relational database Need to decide the scaling decisions
How much storage, what size instance, etc

Elastic Compute Service

Lease Linux as well as Windows VMs
32 bit as well as 64 bit VMs Pay as you go
Just a credit card to get going

Dynamically scale up/down Increase throughput by horizontal scaling for the same cost root access to VMs

Pre-configured, template images

Create AMI to store customized images

Elastic Compute Service

Purchasing options
On demand Reserved
One time fee + usage

Spot
Bit for unused EC2 capacity Sometimes going 33% of the price of on demand

Cluster compute instances

Elastic IP addresses

Elastic Compute Service

Pricing
Standard, High-memory, High-CPU, cluster
Instance Type Large Extra Large High CPU Extra Large High Memory 4XL Cluster 4XL Memory 7.5 GB 15 GB 7 GB 68.4 GB 23 GB EC2 compute units 4 8 20 26 33.5 Actual CPU cores 2 X (~2Ghz) 4 X (~2Ghz) 8 X (~2.5Ghz) 8X (~3.25Ghz) * Cost per hour 0.34$ 0.68$ 0.68$ 2.40$ 1.60$

* 2 x Intel Xeon X5570, quad-core Nehalem architecture

Sequence Assembly Performance with different EC2 Instance Types

Amortized Compute Cost Compute Cost (per hour units) 2000 Compute Time (s) Compute Time 6.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 1000 2.00 500 1.00 0.00 Cost ($)

1500

GTM Interpolation performance with different EC2 Instance Types

600 500 Compute Time (s) 400 300 200 100 0 Amortized Compute Cost Compute Cost (per hour units) Compute Time 5 4.5 4 3.5 Cost ($) 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0

EC2 HM4XL best performance. EC2 HCXL most economical. EC2 Large most efficient

HPC in AWS
Newest announcement
Cluster compute instances

Features
Ability to group them in to clusters Low latency full duplex 10 Gbps between instances Published processor architecture Hardware virtual machine

Limitations
No spot or reserved instances No Auto scaling

CloudWatch
Monitor Amazon Cloud Resources
EC2 instances, EBS volumes, Elastic Load Balancers, and RDS database instances Insight to resource utilization, performance, and demand patterns Exposed through Amazon Management Console, API, command line tools

Pay only for monitoring EC2 instances Enables AutoScaling for EC2 instances
Dynamically add/remove instances based on CloudWatch metrics

Pricing
0.015$ per instance hour

Auto Scaling
Automatically Scale Up/Down EC2 Capacity
Conditions are set based on CloudWatch metrics Seamlessly handles demand spikes and drops Consumed through API/command line tools

Common Uses
Automatically scaling EC2 fleet Close follow up of the demand curve Maintaining EC2 fleet at a fixed size Keep healthy EC2 instance number constant Auto scaling with Elastic Load Balancing Efficient load balancing

Pricing
Free with CloudWatch

Deploying the Application in EC2

Launching instances
Spot instances Security groups

Log-in to instances Public AMI for this demo

ami-af0ae1c6 You need to fill you keys

AMI
Amazon Machine Images Installing the program Saving AMI

Run the Program

Launch the workers Run the Driver program Monitor using CloudWatch

Elastic MapReduce
MapReduce as-a-service
Utilizes Apache Hadoop, Amazon EC2, and Amazon S3

Simple Steps
Develop MapReduce program
Many language support, e.g. Pig, Java, Ruby, C++, etc.

Upload data to S3 Create and monitor job flow through AWS Management Console/command line/API

Pros
Reliable, secure, elastic, and easy Third party tools Seamless integration with EC2, S3

Cons
No tweaking of Hadoop Only supports Hadoop MapReduce framework

EMR bucket names

S3N Native File System for Hadoop
Bucket names should not contain underscores _ Bucket names should be between 3 and 63 characters long Bucket names should not end with a dash

Tips for EMR

Include at least 3 slashes in the paths
S3n://wc-input/

Do not use an existing bucket for output More tips

[Link]

Running WordCount using EMR

Upload data to S3
Create a logs folder

Create job flow Debugging & logging Monitoring using Lynx Download output

Elastic Block Store (EBS)

Data you save in the running instance are not persistent Block level storage volumes Off the instance persistent storage Ideal for applications like databases Pricing
0.10 $ per GB per month provisioned 0.10 $ per million I/O requests

Elastic Load Balancing

Automatic Distribution of Incoming Traffic
Distribute across single or multiple Availability Zones Avoid routing to unhealthy EC2 instances Session affinity load balancing Metrics reported by CloudWatch Auto scale capacity Greater fault tolerance

Virtual Private Cloud (VPC)

Secure and Seamless Bridge
Between a companys IT infrastructure and AWS cloud Isolated AWS compute resources via VPN Extend existing management capabilities to cloud resources, e.g. security, firewalls, etc.

Features
Bridge with encrypted VPN connection Add EC2 instances to VPC Route traffic between VPC and Internet over VPN to examine/monitor data flow

Pricing
0.05$ per VPN connection per hour Data transfer out 0.15$ per GB to 0.08$ per GB

CloudFront
Content Delivery as-a-service
Delivers static and streaming content Global network of edge locations
US, Europe, Hong Kong/Singpore, Japan

Automatic routing of objects to nearest edge location Reliable, scalable, and fast

Simple Steps
Store the original versions of files in a S3 bucket Create a distribution and register the bucket Use the distributions domain name to as an access point

Mechanical Turk
Marketplace for Human Intelligence Work
Access a virtual community of on-demand workers Programmatically access marketplace Define Human Intelligence Tasks (HITs)
Identifying objects in an image, transcribing audio, etc.

Load HITs to marketplace Qualify workforce

Enable qualification tests for tasks requiring special skills

Pay only for accepted work/output Retrieve results via service API

Thank You!
Questions?

Acknowledgments
Prof. Geoffrey Fox, Dr. Judy Qui, Saliya Ekanayake, Tak-Lon Wu (Stephen) and the Salsa group Dr. Ying Chen and Alex De Luca from IBM Almaden Research Center Virtual School Organizers