Faculty of Information Engineering and Technology-IET Electronics Department

Integrated Circuits Design Session 1

MICROELECTRONICS LAB
Eng. Mona ElGuindy Dr. Ahmed Madian

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AGENDA
Combinational MOS Logic Circuits Stick Diagrams CMOS Layout Layout Rules LEDIT

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COMBINATIONAL MOS LOGIC CIRCUITS

Two input NOR Gate with depletion NMOS loads

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COMBINATIONAL MOS LOGIC CIRCUITS

Two input NOR Gate using CMOS

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COMBINATIONAL MOS LOGIC CIRCUITS

Two input NAND Gate with depletion NMOS loads

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COMBINATIONAL MOS LOGIC CIRCUITS

Two input NAND Gate using CMOS

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COMPLICATED LOGIC GATES USING CMOS

E=((A.B)+(C.D))

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STICK DIAGRAMS
Stick diagrams convey layer information into color code How to draw a stick diagram?

Start

by drawing two long horizontal lines representing P and N diffusion used to make the transistor

Then,

Draw a vertical line for each input, these vertical lines should cross the horizontal lines. Now, we have a transistor.

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STICK DIAGRAM FOR A CMOS INVERTER

We will start by drawing the two horizontal lines (N and P diffusion) ,then, we will draw the vertical line, one for each input (we have one input Vin). We will now have one PMOS transistors and one NMOS transistor.

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STICK DIAGRAM FOR A CMOS INVERTER

Looking to NMOS connections, we can see that the transistor is connected to the ground from one side and Vout on the other side.

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STICK DIAGRAM FOR A CMOS INVERTER

For the PMOS, the drain of the PMOS is connected to the drain of NMOS , both are connected to Vout , while its source is connected to connected to VDD.

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STICK DIAGRAM FOR 2-INPUT NOR GATE

Similarly, We will start by drawing the two horizontal lines (N and P diffusion) ,then, we will draw the vertical line, one for each input (we have two inputs A and B). We will now have two PMOS transistors and two NMOS transistors

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STICK DIAGRAM FOR 2-INPUT NOR GATE

Looking to NMOS connections, we can see that both transistors are connected to the ground on one side and Vout on the other side.

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STICK DIAGRAM FOR 2-INPUT NOR GATE

For the PMOS, the drain of input A is connected to Vout from one side while its source is connected to input B. Finally input B is connected to VDD.

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CMOS LAYOUT

Creating a layout is very similar to stick diagrams. The difference is that a layout is a thick stick diagram. The diffusions (P and N), the poly used for the gate, and the metals used for interconnections all have a specific width.

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CROSS SECTION OF CMOS TECHNOLOGY

WHAT ARE THE DESIGN RULES TO DRAW A LAYOUT?

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The design rules are the interface between design and process engineers. Guidelines for constructing process masks Design rules must be respected by the designer Design rules reflect the limit of a process, where they describe
Minimum

width, minimum distance, overlap

Unit dimension: Lambda parameter

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CMOS PROCESS LAYERS

Metal1
Metal2 Contact To Poly Contact To Diffusion Via

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LAYOUT RULES

P-substrate nWell Active Poly P select N select Active contact Poly contact Metal 1 Via Metal 2

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LAYOUT RULES
Layer Well Poly Type of Rule Minimum width Minimum width Minimum spacing Active Minimum width Minimum spacing N select Minimum width Minimum spacing Metal 1 Minimum width Minimum spacing Metal 2 Minimum width Minimum spacing Value 12 2 2 3 3 3
Layer X Layer X Minimum spacing Minimum Width

3 3 3 3 4

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LAYOUT RULES

Layer Poly overlap Poly - Active

Type of Rule Minimum extension over Active Minimum spacing

Value 2 1

Active Contact
Active contact Poly Contact

Exact size
Minimum space to active edge Exact Size

2 * 2
2 2 * 2

Poly Contact

Minimum space to poly edge

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L-EDIT TOOL

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Click: file New Browse: LEDIT83 Samples Tech mosis mhp_ns5.tdb

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Create a new cell: From the menu choose Cell New

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SETTING UP THE GRID

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Go to grid tab where grid step should be 1 lambda

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CMOS LAYOUT

Develop a suitable layout with 0.25m technology using the following aspect ratios: (W/L)N = 1m/0.5m and (W/L)P = 2m/0.5m

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CMOS LAYOUT
We first start by drawing the active (n+, p+) As we need to have a PMOS with w=2u and we are working with an 0.25m, therefore, the p+ region has to be 8

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CMOS LAYOUT

Then drawing that of NMOS equal to 1m. Therefore equal to 4

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CMOS LAYOUT

Moving to drawing the NSELECT and PSELECT

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CMOS LAYOUT

As in the fabrication of CMOS the P+ is placed into an NWELL

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CMOS LAYOUT

Moving to the gate which has a length of 0.5m. Therefore, 2

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CMOS LAYOUT

Making metal connections, and placing the active contacts

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FINAL CMOS LAYOUT

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SOME NOTES
The contact for the gate is a poly contact not an active contact. The intersection between the active (n+, or p+) is very important as it controls the channel width and length and has to be very accurate. You can check for your layout using the DRC(Design rules check ) icon present in the toolbar. The extraction is done through the extraction icon

Errors check Extraction

THANKYOU