Unit 9 Notes
Matter _______________________________________________________
States of Matter
There are three states of matter:
1. Solid____________________________________________________
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2. Liquid- ___________________________________________________
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3. Gas- _____________________________________________________
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Matter does not always remain in one state of matter. As it gains or loses energy,
it changes from one state to another. There are six changes of state that can
occur:
1. Freezing - ___________________________
2. Melting - ____________________________
3. Vaporizing - __________________________
4. Condensing - __________________________
5. Subliming - ___________________________
6. Depositing - __________________________
In order for matter to undergo these changes of state, the particles need to have
a change in energy. Changing from a slow-moving state to a faster moving state
requires the particles to ________________ energy. Changing from a faster
-moving state to a slower one requires the particles to ___________________
energy.
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Space between
particles
Amount of energy
Speed of
particles
Energy Diagram for Water
An energy diagram shows the energy changes that take place when matter is
changing from one state of matter to another.
Horizontal lines: ___________________________________
Diagonal lines: _____________________________________
Phase Diagrams
Phase diagrams- _________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
Triple point- ____________________________________________________
Critical point- ___________________________________________________
Normal freezing point- ____________________________________________
Normal boiling point- ______________________________________________
Freezing point curve- _____________________________________________
Boiling point curve- _______________________________________________
Sublimation curve- _______________________________________________
Properties __________________________________________
There are two types of properties:
1. Physical properties _______________________________
Physical properties are properties that you can identify using your
senses.
Examples of physical properties are: __________________________
______________________________________________________
2. Chemical properties ______________________________________
______________________________________________________
3
Chemical properties show how a type of matter is able to rearrange its
atoms.
Examples: ______________________________________________
______________________________________________________
Water is a very important substance. Water systems are needed by every living
thing in order to survive. Water is also a very unique substance and can easily be
described by its properties:
1. _________________________________________________________
2. _________________________________________________________
3. _________________________________________________________
4. _________________________________________________________
5. _________________________________________________________
6. _________________________________________________________
7. _________________________________________________________
8. _________________________________________________________
9. _________________________________________________________
10. _________________________________________________________
11. _________________________________________________________
12. _________________________________________________________
13. _________________________________________________________
14. _________________________________________________________
15. _________________________________________________________
16. _________________________________________________________
4
17. _________________________________________________________
18. _________________________________________________________
19. _________________________________________________________
20. _________________________________________________________
Le Chateliers Principle
When substances are changing from one state of matter to another, they reach a
point where the two states are present at the same time. For example, when ice
melts, both solid ice and liquid water are present.
During the melting process, it
looks like the ice is simply disappearing. What is actually happening is that the ice
is changing to liquid and some of the liquid is changing back into the solid. In
other words, the ice is melting and freezing at the same time. This is an
equilibrium position.
Equilibrium - ____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
Dynamic equilibrium - _____________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
Equilibrium is a very low energy position for substances, and substances work to
get to equilibrium, so it is really common. But equilibrium doesnt last because
external conditions are constantly changing. Le Chateliers Principle governs the
results of this situation.
Le Chateliers Principle: ___________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
5
For example, a system of water is at equilibrium with its corresponding water
vapor.
Explain what happens to the system when the temperature is increased.
______________________________________________________________
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_____________________________________________________________.
Explain what happens to the system when the pressure is increased.
______________________________________________________________
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_____________________________________________________________.
Explain what happens to the system when the concentration of water is increased.
______________________________________________________________
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_____________________________________________________________.
Explain what happens to the system when the volume of the container is increased.
______________________________________________________________
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