ELECTROCHEMISTRY
SCIENTIFIC CONCEPT
Siries of Electrochemistry
Siries of Electrochemistry is the position of the metal to compare the tendency to form ions.
K+
Na+
Ca2+
Mg2+
Al3+ tendency of metal to form
Zn2+ cation increase
Fe2+ (more electropositive)
Sn2+
Pb2+
H+
Cu2+
Hg+
Ag+
Au+
The electrochemical series is built up by arranging various redox equilibria in order of their
standard electrode potentials (redox potentials). The most negative E° values are placed at the
top of the electrochemical series, and the most positive at the bottom.
In electrochemistry siries, metal that has more tendency to become ions is negative terminal
and the metal has less tendency to become ions is a positive terminal of electrochemical cell.
Metals at the top of the series are good at giving away electrons. They are good reducing
agents. The reducing ability of the metal increases as you go up the series.
Metal ions at the bottom of the series are good at picking up electrons. They are good
oxidising agents. The oxidising ability of the metal ions increases as you go down the series.
UNIQUE FEATURE OF ACTIVITY
1
This activity requires students to build and compare position of metal in electrochemistry
siries. The unique feature of using spreadsheets are:
• This data can be manipulated easily, for example the students know the position metal
in siries of electrochemisty when the metal that high tendency to become ions is place
in the above siries of electrochemistry.
• Data displayed in a systematis manner, save time in drawing graphs, show relationship
between the most electropositif metal and their position in electrochemistry siries.
• Students will discover that a spreadsheet can be used to process data.
• Allow the students to do more important things such as analyzing the data and graph.
ENGAGE
2
The diagram shows the reaction between two types of metal in the electrochemical siries.
• What can you observe from the picture?
• Will this reaction occur?
• The two metals produce an electric current. Can you predict either magnesium or
copper is higher up in the Electrochemical series?
• Based on your knowledge, how it happens?
3
EMPOWER
1. Students plan an experiment to determine the position of metals in the series of
electrochemistr
APPARATUS AND MATERIAL
2. They are given the following apparatus
1. Voltmeter
2. Beaker
3. Filter paper
4. A strip of magnesium, zink, aluminium, copper, ferum
5. Copper(II)sulphate 0.5 mol dm-3
6. Aluminium sulphate 0.5 M
7. Magnesium sulphate 0.5 M
8. Ferum(II) sulphate 0.5 M
9. Potassium nitrate(as salt bridge)
10. Two cables with alligator clips
1. Procedure:
a. Prepare two beakers that contain copper (II) sulphate 0.5 M and zink sulphate
0.5 M
b. A strip of copper and zink are clean with sandpaper
c. Roll up a filter paper and wet it with potassium nitrate
d. Put copper strip in the copper sulphate solution and zink strip in zink sulphate
solution.
e. Connect both strip to the voltmeter by using the alligator clips
f. Put the filter paper in both beaker then turn on the voltmeter.
g. Repeat steps by replace pair of metals below and their suitable solution.
4
Magnesium Copper
Aluminium Copper
Zink Copper
Ferum Copper
Magnesium Aluminium
Aluminium Zink
Ferum Zink
Questions :
1. what is the arrangement of five metals in the series of electrochemistry?
2. what is usage of series of electrochemistry for reaction in chemical cell?
3. what is the properties of elements that can be choosen as the electrode?
answer:
1. Mg
Al
Zn
Fe
Cu
2. to choose a metals that will be used as the electrodegu
3. metals must be in different position in the series of electrochemistry.
RESULT
5
ENHANCE
6
A car battery is a type of rechargeable battery that supplies electric energy to an automobile.
Usually this refers to an SLI battery (starting, lighting, ignition) to power the starter motor,
the lights, and the ignition system of a vehicle’s engine. This also may describe a traction
battery used for the main power source of an electric vehicle. Automotive starter batteries
(usually of lead-acid type) provide a nominal 12-volt potential difference by connecting six
galvanic cells in series. Each cell provides 2.1 volts for a total of 12.6 volt at full charge.
Lead-acid batteries are made up of plates of lead and separate plates of lead oxide, which are
submerged into an electrolyte solution of about 35% sulfuric acid and 65% water. What
chemical reaction occur in it?
Answer:
The chemical reaction occur are, the electrons is released, allowing them to flow through
conductors to produce electricity. As the battery discharges, the acid of the electrolyte reacts
with the materials of the plates, changing their surface to lead sulfate. When the battery is
recharged, the chemical reaction is reversed: the lead sulfate reforms into lead oxide and lead.
With the plates restored to their original condition, the process may now be repeated.