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Chapter #28: Progressivism and the Republican Roosevelt Big Picture Themes 1. The Progressives grew out of the Populist or People!s" Part# and sought to correct in$ustices. %. Progressives and &muckraker' writers attacked cit# corruption( corporate greed( poor living and working conditions( alcohol( and women!s right to vote. )ach of these ills saw laws and*or +mendments passed to attempt to better the condition. ,. Tedd# Roosevelt made a name for himself as a &trust-buster'. That is( he broke up a few high-profile companies that he said were monopolies or trusts". Busting trusts and thus creating competition was to benefit the average person. .. /e also obtained huge tracts of land( usuall# out 0est( for parks and conservation. 1. Roosevelt picked Taft to follow him( but Taft began to stra# from Roosevelt!s wa#s and the two split. Chapter# 28: 2dentifications Jacob Riis /e was a muckraker that was from the compan# called 3ew 4ork 5un. /e wrote the book( &/ow The 6ther /alf Lives' which showed how life was in the slums during that time. /e also invented a wa# to take pictures in the dark using a e7plosion. Ida Tarbell This was another muckraker how shows the public how +merican 8ities were corrupted politicall#. 5he wrote man# well-known books such as( &The /istor# of the 5tandard 6il 8ompan#' and was labeled a top seller. Robert M. Lafollette /e was a governor from 0isconsin that favored the principle of progressivism in the government. /e created a Legislative Reference Bureau that gave man# tips in helping to write the legislation Charles Evans H !hes /e was a republican and a governor in 3ew 4ork that saw the corrupt deeds that the trusts did towards businesses. /e tried to run for president in 191: against 0oodrow 0ilson but was ver# close to winning. "pton #inclair /e was the author of the book called( &The ;ungle' that showed the conditions of the factories that make meat-canned goods for the markets. <an# +mericans who read the book were utterl# disgusted b# the horrible conditions of the factor# workers Initiative 2t was a method that gave voters the right to vote for laws directl# if enough voters wanted that law to be placed on the ballot. 2t was first seen b# 5outh Dakota in 1=9=. Referend $ This was a process where citi>ens would vote for laws instead of the government having
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to vote. 2t came from the Populist Part#( but it was later inherited b# reform movements and eventuall# was implemented. Recall This process would allow voters to take awa# or fire corrupt or unskilled officials from office. Public officials would be removed from office if enough people voted for it. M c%ra%ers The# were $ournalists that showed to the public how corrupt and abusive the government was and how the# used their power. El%ins &ct this was an act passed b# 8ongress in response to the Railroad companies. 2t was specificall# made against using rebate. The 2nterstate 8ommerce 8ommission could now change rates such as the telephones and telegraphs. Hepb rn &ct This was a law that was passed in 19?: that was ver# well in building the 2nterstate 8ommerce 8ommission to become a better and stronger commission. This allowed them to change rates of freight carr#ing. 'orthern #ec rities Case This was the first attempt made the Tedd# Roosevelt that tried to take awa# trusts from the railroad companies that had a large monopol#. 2T was then split apart b# Roosevelt in 19?% and agreed upon b# 5upreme 8ourt. Meat Inspection &ct This act was passed in 19?: that said that the canned goods of meat would have to be checked b# the federal government before being shipped out to the markets. This was another progressive movement. ( re )ood and *r ! &ct This act was passed in 19?: that was to control the labels that were put on consumer goods and pharmacies and stopped them from adding additives making it wrong and inaccurate. 'e+lands &ct This was a act passed in 19?% that gave irrigation s#stems to the dr# lands of the +merican 0est. 2t used the mone# earned from the sale of public lands to help fund these pro$ects. *ollar diplo$ac, This was passed in order to give @.5. investors mone# so that it would be used in investing the @.5. capital protecting their financial problems and companies. (a,ne-&ldrich &ct This act was passed in 19?9 that called 5ereno ). Pa#ne and 3elson 0. +ldrich in order to lower some tariffs in the @nited 5tates. The President at the time 0illiam Taft called the congress after his inauguration. .allin!er-(inchot &ffair This involved Ballinger who was a secretar# that opened public lands in 0#oming( <ontana( and +laska in order to anger Tedd# Roosevelt. Pinchot helped former President Roosevelt told 0illiam Taft to stop Ballinger and cause the Republicans to split.
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Chapter #28: / ided Readin! 0 estions Progressive Roots AnowB Progressives( ( ;acob Riis( Theodore Dreiser( ;ane +ddams( 1. 0hat were the goals of the ProgressivesC The goals of the Progressives was that the# wanted the government to handle all the large companies so that the smaller companies would have a chance to become big one da#. Both Theodore Dreiser and ;acob Riis were $ournalists that documented all the changes that were happened during the progressive era in newspapers or maga>ines. Raking <uck with the <uckrakers AnowB McClure's( Lincoln 5teffens( 2da <. Tarbell( Thomas 0. Lawson( David D. Phillips( Ra# 5tannard Baker( ;ohn 5pargo %. 0hat issues were addressed b# the ma$or muckrakersC Lincoln 5teffens showed the public that the relationship between the large businesses and the government were corrupt. 2da <. Tarbell showed these corrupt acts in her book the 5tandard 6il 8ompan# while Thomas 0. Lawson showed how much mone# these corrupt people were making. Political Progressivism AnowB Direct Primar# )lections( 2nitiative( Referendum( Recall( +ustralian Ballot( <illionairesE 8lub( 5eventeenth +mendment( 5uffragists ,. Define each of the ma$or political reforms that progressives desired. <an# progressives wanted initiatives and Referendums so that voters would actuall# vote for the laws that seem appropriate as well as the legislation. 5ome voters wanted recalls so that the# could directl# remove an official out of office b# vote. <illionaires! 8lub was called the senate as the# had been bribed b# most large companies Progressivism in the 8ities and 5tates AnowB Robert <. La Follette( The 0isconsin 2dea( /iram 0. ;ohnson( 8harles )vans /ughes .. 0hat changes did progressives make at the cit# and state levelC Progressives like Robert <. La Follette attacked the corporations and took back the power for the people. /iram 0. ;ohnson was a governor that controlled man# trusts and railroads in 6regon as well as 8alifornia for the people. 8harles )vans /ughes had gotten much popularit# from identif#ing the deeds of the insurance companies. Progressive 0omen AnowB Triangle 5hirtwaist 8ompan#( Muller v. Oregon, Lochner v. New York( 0omanEs 8hristian Temperance @nion( Frances ). 0illard( G0etG and GDr#G 1. /ow successful were Progressives in combating social illsC The progressives were ver# successful in combating social ills. Muller v. Oregon case showed that there were laws that protected the rights of the women workers. The 0oman!s 8hristian Temperance @nion was a response in order to stop all production of alcohol( which was created b# Frances ). 0illard.
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TREs 5Huare Deal for Labor AnowB 5Huare Deal( Department of 8ommerce and Labor :. 0hat were the three 8Es of the 5Huare DealC The three 8!s of the 5Huare Deal proposed b# Roosevelt was to control the corporations( protect the consumers from large companies( and to conserve the @nited 5tates natural resources such as the lands. /e also created man# national parks toda# like 4osemite. Department of 8ommerce and Labor was a response to interstate commerce. TR 8orrals the 8orporations AnowB )lkins +ct( /epburn +ct( Trustbusting( 3orthern 5ecurities 8ompan# I. +ssess the following statement( GTedd# RooseveltEs reputation as a trustbuster is undeserved.G Tedd# Roosevelt knew that the trusts the monopolies were using should be taken down instantl# because it was not considered $ust. 5o man# acts such as the )lkins and /epburn +ct were passed that gave railroads fines and rebates to other shippers. /epburn did not allow railroads to be free passing. 3orthern 5ecurities 8ompan# was one of the first companies he had attacked. 8aring for the 8onsumer AnowB The Jungle( <eat 2nspection +ct =. 0hat was the effect of @pton 5inclairEs book( The JungleC The ;ungle written b# @pton 5inclair showed man# people that the conditions of the canned meat factories were disgusting and vulgar. <an# people now wanted their meat that the# bought at the market to be inspected b# passing the <eat 2nspection +ct to call in federals to check the conditions of the meat. )arth 8ontrol AnowB Forest Reserve +ct( Difford Pinchot( 3ewlands +ct( 8onservation( 8all of the 0ild( Bo# 5couts( 5ierra 8lub 9. 0hat factors led +mericans to take an active interest in conservationC <an# factors including Difford Pinchot that wanted the 8ongress to pass the 3ewlands +ct that was a wa# to collect mone# from public lands in order to create irrigation s#stems. 8onservation was now in effect where man +mericans stopped wasting +merica!s land b# making it turn into a Rich people countr#. 5ierra 8lub was one group that wanted to save man# of the western lands. The GRoosevelt PanicG of 19?I 1?. 0hat were the results of the Roosevelt Panic of 19?IC 2n the Panic of 19?I( much over speculation occurred where 8ongress passed the Jreeland +ct that wanted to banks to increase the amount of mone# being used in the econom#. This however would not work which caused man# banks to go bankrupt. The Rough Rider Thunders 6ut AnowB 0illiam /oward Taft( )ugene J. Debs 11. 0hat was the legac# of Tedd# RooseveltEs presidenc#C Tedd#!s Roosevelt!s legac# as president was to be remembered as a man with lots of encouragement and enthusiasm. /e would let 0illiam /oward Taft be his successor so that he too would still use man# of his policies during Roosevelt!s presidenc# against )ugene J. Debs. /e also wanted to be remembered as the bu# that started conservation. TaftB + Round Peg in a 5Huare /ole
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G0illiam /oward Taft was less suited for the presidenc# than he appeared to be.G )7plain 0illiam /oward Taft was less suited for the presidenc# than he appeared to be because of his large si>e and his humorous side. 0hen the 8ongress would do something( he would sit passivel# and not give an#thing to do about it. +lthough he went to 4ale and was seen as one of Roosevelt!s trusted official( he would rather sta# the same than change. The Dollar Does +broad as a Diplomat AnowB Dollar Diplomac# 1,. 0hat was dollar diplomac# and how was it practicedC Dollar Diplomac# was to get all the 0all 5treet Bankers and gave all their e7tra mone# to the funding of foreign places in the @nited 5tates. 0illiam Taft so the 8hinese )conom# had gotten different so he sent Philander Ano7 to bu# some railroads and move it to +merica. Taft the Trustbuster AnowB Rule of Reason 1.. 0ho deserves the nickname GTrustbuster(G Roosevelt or TaftC 0illiam Taft deserves the nickname GTrustbusterG because he filed cases against ninet# trusts while Roosevelt onl# filed .. cases although Rule of Reason created a large problem with trade. Taft wanted to split apart the @.5. steel production so Roosevelt did not like that. Taft 5plits the Republican Part# AnowB Pa#ne-+ldrich Tariff( Richard Ballinger( Difford Pinchot( ;oe 8annon 11. 0h# did the Progressive wing of the Republican Part# turn against TaftC Progressive wing of the Republican Part# turned against Taft because he had passed the Pa#ne-+ldrich Tariff would state that it would lower the tariff while Taft said that it would not happen at all. ;oe 8annon was a speaker that wanted to stop all progressive reforms but could not. Richard Ballinger was a secretar# that let out the public lands for the corporations. The Taft-Roosevelt Rupture 1:. /ow did the Republican Part# split at the part#Es 191% conventionC The Republican Part# split at the part#Es 191% convention because of the problem between Roosevelt and Lafollette. The 3ational Progressive Republican League was created but Roosevelt wanted to keep the Republican side and move Lafollette awa#. Chapter #21: 0ilsonian Progressivism +broad Big Picture Themes 1. 0ilson won the presidenc# mainl# because Tedd# Roosevelt ran as a third-part# candidate and split the Republican vote with Taft. %. 0ilson was an idealist and progressive who sought to clean up problems. /e attacked the tariff as too high( banks as corrupt b# the rich( and trusts as milking the people. ,. 0ilson hated war and wanted +merican foreign polic# to be fair and $ust to all. 8onditions in Latin +merica( however( forced this peaceful president to take militar# action. 3otabl#( he ordered the @5 +rm# to chase Pancho Jilla in <e7ico.
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.. 2n )urope( war had begun. 2n the +tlantic ocean( Derman subs began to sink sinks carr#ing +mericans( notabl# the Lusitania. 0ilson tried to keep +merica out of the war( and did( for the time being. Chapter #21: 2dentifications E !ene *ebs /e was a part of the 5ocialist part# that ran for the election of 191% and received 1 million popular votes against 0oodrow 0ilson( 0illiam /oward Taft( and Theodore Roosevelt. (ancho 2illa /e was a supporter of the poor and a revolutionist that wanted to reform back to agriculture and was a hero for doing so. /e led a attack in 3ew <e7ico in 191: was the first 3ew <e7ico attack in @5+. John J. (ershin! /e was a general of the @nited 5tates arm# that was involved in 0orld 0ar 2. /e was then promoted b# Theodore Roosevelt to brigadier general in 19?: and led an attack against Pancho Jilla. Central (o+ers 8entral Powers was a group during 0orld 0ar 2 combing Derman#( +ustria-/ungar#( and man# other nations allied those were against the +ll# Forces. &llies +llies was a group in 0orld 0ar 2 that combined Dreat Britain( France( Russia( and other nations that came together that were against the 8entral Powers. L sitania This +as a .ritish traveler ship that +as destro,ed b, a /er$an "-.oat in 3134. 328 &$ericans died +hich ca sed &$erica5s vie+ in contradiction of the /er$ans6 +hich ca sed $ore opposition a!ainst /er$an,. # sse7 (led!e 0oodrow 0ilson assigned this proviso after Derman# dropped more British ships( which killed man# +merican travelers. Derman# promised not to sink traveler ships without caution after it was passed. )ederal Reserve &ct This was a law passed in 191, that fi7ed up a organi>ation of federal banks and also let the government have the power to control the limit of mone# being produced. 'e+ 'ationalis$ This was Theodore RooseveltEs progressive political course of action that preferred heft# government involvement in order to guarantee social impartialit#. 'e+ )reedo$ 0oodrow 0ilsonEs national polic# that( helped antitrust amendment( tariff modification( and transformation in banks and other places currenc# were controlled. "nder+ood Tariff This tariff was forced thro !h b, Con!ress on 8oodro+ 8ilson that this 3139 tariff +o ld lo+er the avera!e tariff b rdens b, 34: and created an inco$e toll later on.
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)ederal Trade Co$$ission This law approved a commission that was approved b# the president in order to supervise industries and companies involved in interstate commerce like the meatpackers. The commissioners close down monopolies for good. Cla,ton &ntitr st &ct This was a new antitrust act that was made to resolve problems that the 5herman +ntitrust +ct which was mostl# created for the Labor @nions. Chapter #21 2dentifications The GBull <ooseG 8ampaign of 191% AnowB Bull <oose( 3ew 3ationalism( 3ew Freedom 1. )7plain the difference between RooseveltEs form of progressivism and 0ilsonEs. Theodore Roosevelt wanted to correct and eliminated the discrimination of 0omen and their suffrage. /e also wanted the fi7 minimum wage and created 3ew 3ationalism and 3ew Freedom( which was that the government should control the trusts( and liked the small companies better. 0hen he $oined the election as a progressive( he was considered a Bull <oose. 0oodrow 0ilsonB + <inorit# President %. GThe K191%L election results are fascinating.G )7plain. 3ow that the Republican Part# had separated( 0oodrow 0ilson won the election of 191% b# .,1 )lectoral votes. Roosevelt and Taft were far below and did not obtain the popular vote. 5ocialist )ugene J. Debs racked had a large amount of 9??(??? popular [Link] votes of Roosevelt and Taft were large than of 0oodrow 0ilson. 0ilson Tackles the Tariff AnowB @nderwood Tariff ,. 0hat were the three parts of the Gtriple wall of privilegeCG The three parts of the &triple wall of privilege' were banks( tariffs( and the trusts. 6ne of the Tariffs was the @nderwood Tariff that greatl# lowers the cost of importing goods and raw materials but also created a slowl# increasing income ta7 later on.
0ilson Battles the Bankers AnowB The Federal Reserve +ct .. /ow was the Federal Reserve 5#stem different than the banking s#stem that e7isted in the @.5. in 191,C The Federal Reserve 5#stem was different from the banking s#stem that e7isted in the @.5. in 191,. Because it had nationwide s#stem( containing twelve separate districts that had its own central bank that could create paper mone#. Then the Federal Reserve +ct was passed to create the Federal Reserve Board that creates the split twelve districts. The President Tames the Trusts AnowB Federal Trade 8ommission +ct( 8la#ton +nti-Trust +ct 1. /ow did 0ilson curb the trustsC Federal Trade 8ommission +ct passed in 191.( which authori>ed a president-appointed
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office to e7amine the doings of trusts and discontinued partial trade things like unlawful adulteration and vandalism. The 8la#ton +nti-Trust +ct e7tended the 5herman +nti-Trust +ctEs list of practices that were large such as labor unions. 2t stopped the @nions from creating strikes. 0ilsonian Progressivism at /igh Tide AnowB The Federal Farm Loan +ct( 0arehouse +ct( La Follette 5eamenEs +ct( 0orkingmenEs 8ompensation +ct( +damson +ct( Louis D. Brandeis :. Describe some of the positive and negative outcomes of 0ilson!s progressive legislation and actions. The Federal Farm Loan +ct passed in 191: that gave farmers credits with low rates of interest while the 0arehouse +ct passed in 191: that allowed loans to be placed on staple crops. La Follette 5eamenEs +ct passed in 1911 that needed the +merican sailors to be treated with more respect that then increase rate of freight dramticall#. 3ew Directions in Foreign Polic# I. 8ontrast 0ilsonEs ideas of foreign polic# with those of Roosevelt and Taft. 0ilson!s ideas were much different than of Roosevelt and Taft. /e instead halted the dollar diplomac# and made the 8ongress stopped the Panama 8anal Tolls +ct in 191%. /e used the Big 5tick Polic#( which was to carr# a large stick( which was the +merican 3av#. /e would also promote Democrac#. <oralistic Diplomac# in <e7ico AnowB Jictoriano /uerta( Jenustiano 8arran>a( Francisco GPanchoG" Jilla( +B8 Powers( ;ohn ;. GBlack ;ackG" Pershing =. 0h# did <e7ico give such trouble to the 0ilson administrationC <e7ico has been abused b# the @5 investors primaril# in oil and railroads. Therefore( in 191,( the <e7icans led an attack led b# Deneral Jictoriano /uerta. The rebels were ver# brutal and caused man# +mericans to be frightened. Jenustiano 8arran>a was one of /uerta!s enemies that told the nav# to take over Jera 8ru> and caused /uerta to lose. Francisco GPanchoG" Jilla also led an attack that killed si7teen +mericans in 191:.
Thunder +cross the 5ea AnowB 8entral Powers( +llied Powers 9. 0hat caused )urope to plunge into 002 in 191.C 2n 191. a 5erbian man killed +rchduke Fran> Ferdinand and caused +ustria to declare war to 5erbia backed up b# Russia. Derman# then declared war on Russia and France( started in Belgium( and went into Britain. These countries were spilt up b# 8entral Powers and +llied Powers. + Precarious 3eutralit# AnowB Aaiser 0ilhelm 22 1?. 0hat caused an officiall# neutral +merica to turn against the 8entral PowersC 2t started with a submarine called the Lusitania and then a telegram called the Mimmerman Telegram from Derman#( which asked <e7ico to side with Derman# with a bribe. 0ilson
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then heard of this and sided with Britain. /e also $oined because of Aaiser 0ilhelm 22 started to launch more submarines. +merica )arns Blood <one# AnowB 5ubmarine( Lusitania( +rabic( 5usse7 11. /ow did Derman#Es use of submarines lead to tense relations with the @.5.C Derman# kept on launching submarines one on them called the Lusitania that carried man# weapons and ammo but was killed b# Derman# as well as +rabic. The last ship that caused Derman# to become angr# was 5usse7 that called the 5usse7 Pledge where Derman# was not supposed to destro#. 0ilson 0ins Reelection in 191: AnowB 8harles )vans /ughes( G/e Aept @s 6ut of 0arG 1%. 0hat were the ke#s to 0ilsonEs electoral victor# in 191:C 0ilsonEs electoral victor# in 191: was caused b# the him tr#ing to sta# out of the war but was warned that 8harles )vans /ughes would eventuall# let +merican go into war. G/e Aept @s 6ut of 0arG was used to describe 0ilson because /ughes would cause them to go into war.