[Link].

com
[Link]

COMPLEX NUMBERS

1. Any number of the form x+iy where x, y R and i
2
= -1 is called a Complex Number.
2. In the complex number x+iy, x is called the real part and y is called the imaginary part of the
complex number.
3. A complex number is said to be purely imaginary if its real part is zero and is said to be
purely real if its imaginary part is zero.

4. (a) Two complex numbers are said to be equal if their real parts are equal and their
imaginary parts are equal.
(b) In the set of complex numbers, there is no meaning to the phrases one complex is
greater than or less than another i.e. If two complex numbers are not equal, we say they
are unequal.
(c) a+ ib > c + id is meaningful only when b = 0, d = 0.

5. Two complex numbers are conjugate if their sum and product are both real. They are of the
form a+ib, a-ib.
6. cis
1
cis
2
= cis(
1
+
2
) ,
cis
cis

1
2
= cis(
1

2
), sin i cos
sin i cos
1
=
+
.
7.
( ) ( ) a ib
a ib
a a b b i a b a b
a b
1 1
2 2
1 2 1 2 2 1 1 2
2
2
2
2
+
+
=
+ +
+

8.
1
1
1
1
+

=

+
=
i
i
i
i
i
i ,
9. x y
2 2
+ is called the modulus of the complex number x + iy and is denoted by r or |x + iy|
10. Any value of obtained from the equations cos =
x
r
, sin =
y
r
is called an amplitude of the
complex number.
11.i) The amplitude lying between - and is called the principal amplitude of the complex
number. Rule for choosing the principal amplitude.
ii) If is the principal amplitude, then - <

-

-(-) -
[Link]
[Link]

12. If is the principle amplitude of a complex number, general amplitude = 2n + where
nZ.
13.i) Amp (Z
1
Z
2
) = Amp Z
1
+ AmpZ
2

ii) Amp
Z
Z
AmpZ AmpZ
1
2
1 2
|
\

|
=
iii) Amp z + Amp z = 2 (when z is a negative real number) = 0 (otherwise)
14. (a) r(cos + i sin) is the modulus amplitude form of x+iy.
15. If the amplitude of a complex number is

2
, its real part is zero.
16. If the amplitude of a complex number is

4
, its real part is equal to its imaginary part.



















[Link]
[Link]

Very Short Answer Questions

1. If ( ) ( )
1 2
2, 1 6, 3 z z = = then
1 2
z z
Solution: - Given
1
z z i =
2
6 3 z i = +
( )
1 2
4 4 4, 4 z z i = =


2. If ( ) ( )
1 2
3, 5 2, 6 z and z = = find
2
, z z
Solution: -
Given
1
3 5 z i = +
2
2 6 z i = +
( )( )
0 2
1 2
3 5 2 6 6 28 30 6 30 28 z z i i C i i = + + = + + = +
( )
1 2
. 24 28 24, 28 z z i = + =


3. Write the additive inverse of the following
(i) Additive inverse of
( )
3, 5

Additive inverse is
( )
3, 5



(ii) Additive Inverse of ( ) ( ) 6, 5 10, 4 +

Given complex no is (4,1)
Additive inverse is
( ) 4, 1



[Link]
[Link]

(iii) Additive inverse of ( ) ( ) 2, 1 4, 6
Let
1 2
2 4 6 z i z i = + = +
( ) ( )
2
1 2
2 4 6 8 8 6 z z l i i i = + + = +
2 8i = +
Additive inverse is (-2, -8)

4. If ( ) ( )
1 2
6, 3 2, 1 z and z = = then find
1 2
/ z z
Solution: -
Given
1 2
6 3 2 z i z i = + =

( ) ( )
2
1
2
2
6 3 2
6 3 8 12 3
4 5
i i
z i i i
z z i i
+ +
+ + +
= = =



12 12
1 1,
5 5
i
| |
+ =
|
\


5. If cos sin z i = + then find
1
z
z

Solution: -

cos sin
1 1 cos sin
cos sin cos sin
cos sin
z i
i
z i i
i
= +

=
+
=






1
2 sin z i
z
=



[Link]
[Link]

6. Write the multiplicative inverse of the following complex numbers
(i) ( ) 3, 4 (ii) ( ) sin , cos (iii) ( ) 7, 24 (iv ( ) 2, 1
Solution: -
(i) Let 3 4 z i = +
Multiplicative inverse of z is
( )( )
1 3 4
3 4 3 4 3 3
i
i i i

=
+ +


3 4 3 4
,
25 25 25
i | |
= =
|
\


(ii) Let sin cos z i = +
Multiplicative inverse of
( )
1 sin cos
sin 1cos sin cos
i
z
i

= =
+


2 2
sin cos
sin cos
sin cos
i
i

= =
+


(iii) Let 7 24 z i = +
Multiplicative inverse of
( ) ( )
1 7 24
7 24 7 24 7 24
i
z
i i i

= =
+ +


7 24
625
i
=






[Link]
[Link]

7. Write the following complex numbers in the form A + iB.
i) (2 3i)(3 + 4i)
ii) (1 + 2i)
3

iii)
a ib
a ib

+

iv)
4 +3i
(2 +3i)(4 - 3i)

v)
i
( 5i)
8
| |

|
\

vi)
2 5i 2 5i
3 2i 3 2i
+
+
+

Sol: i)z = (2 3i)(3 + 4i)
z = 6 + 8i 9i + 12
z = 18 i
= 18 + (1)i

ii) z = (1 + 2i)
3


3 2 2 3
2 3
1 3(1) (2i) 3(1)(2i) (2i)
1 6i 6i 8i
1 6i 6 8i
5 2i
= + + +
= + + +
= +
=


iii) z =
a ib
a ib

+


2
2 2
2 2
2 2
2 2
2 2 2 2
a ib a ib
z
a ib a ib
(a ib)
a (ib)
a (ib) 2(a)(ib)
a b
a b 2ab
i
a b a b

=
+

+
=
+

=
+ +

[Link]
[Link]


iv) z =
4 +3i
(2 +3i)(4 - 3i)


4 3i
8 6i 12i 9
4 3i
17 6i
+
=
+ +
+
=
+


4 3i 17 6i
17 6i 17 6i
+
=
+


2 2
(68 18) i( 24 51)
(17) (6i)
86 27i
289 36
86 27i
325
+ + +
=

+
=
+
+
=


86 27
i
325 325
= +

v) z =
i
( 5i)
8
| |

|
\


2
5
z i
8
5
z 0i
8

=
= +


vi) z =
2 5i 2 5i
3 2i 3 2i
+
+
+


2 2
(2 5i)(3 2i) (2 5i)(3 2i)
z
(3 2i)(3 2i) (3 2i)(3 2i)
6 4i 15i 10i 6 4i 15i 10i
z
9 4 9 4
4 19i 4 19i
z
13
8
z 0i
13
+ +
= +
+
+ + + +
= +
+ +
+
=

= +

[Link]
[Link]

8. Write the conjugate of the following complex numbers.
i) (3 + 4i)
ii) (2 + 5i)(4 + 6i)

Sol: i)z = 3 + 4i
z 3 4i =

ii)z = (2 + 5i)(4 + 6i)
z = 8 + 12i 20i + 30i
2

z = 38 8i
z 38 8i = +

9. Simplify
i)
2 4 6
i +i +i +...(2n +1) Terms
ii)
( )
( )
26
18 7 2 4
i 3.i i 1 i i + +
Sol: i)
2 4 6
i +i +i +...(2n +1) terms

2 2.2 2.3 2.(2n+1)
2
= i +i +i +...i
= 1 1 ( 1) ...2n terms + i
0 1 1
+ + +
= =


ii)
( )
( )
26
18 7 2 4
i 3.i i 1 i i + +

2 9 6 2 4 26
13
(i ) 3i i i (1 i )(i)
1 3i ( 1)(1 1)( 1)
3i 1 2
3i 1
= + +
= + + +
= +
= +



[Link]
[Link]

10. Find a square root for the following complex numbers.
i) 7 + 24i
ii) 47 i8 3 +
Sol: i) z = 7 + 24i
Let square root of z be a + ib
2
2 2
2 2
a ib 7 24i
(a ib) 7 24i
a b 2abi 7 24i
a b 8, 2ab 24 ...(1)
+ = +
+ = +
+ = +
= =

| a ib | | 7 24i | + = +
Squaring on both sides,

2
2 2
2 2
| a ib | | 7 24i |
a b 49 576
a b 625 25 ...(2)
+ = +
+ = +
+ = =

Adding
2 2
2 2
2
2
a b 7
a b 25
2a 7 25
a 16
a 4
=
+ =
= +
=
=

2b
2
= 25 7
b
2
= 9
b = 3
a + ib = (4 + 3i).
ii) 47 i8 3 +
Let the square root of z be a + ib,

2
2 2
(a ib) 47 i8 3
a b 47, 2ab 8 3
| a ib | | 47 i8 3 |
+ = +
= =
+ = +

[Link]
[Link]

Squaring on both sides,
2 2 2 2
a b ( 47) (8 3)
2209 192 2401
+ = +
= + =


2 2
2 2
2
2
a b 49
a b 47
2a 2
a 1
a 1
+ =
=
=
=
=


2
2
2b 96
b 48
b 4 3
a ib (1 4 3i)
=
=
=
+ = +


11. Find the multiplicative inverse of the following complex numbers.
i) 5 3i + ii) i iii)
35
i

Sol: i) z = 5 3i +
Let a + ib be multiplicative inverse then
(a + ib)z = 1
1
z
a ib
=
+
or
1
a ib
z
+ =
2
z
a ib
(zz)
z 5 3i 1
a ib ( 5 3i)
5 9 14 | z |
+ =

+ = = =
+


ii) z = i
Let a + ib be multiplicative inverse then
(a + ib)z = 1
1
a ib
z
+ =
[Link]
[Link]


1
i
=

i
i i
=


a ib i + =

iii) z =
35
i

Let a + ib be multiplicative inverse then
(a + ib)z = 1
35
35
35 2 17
1 1
a ib i
z i
(a ib) i (i ) .i i

+ = = =
+ = = =


12. Express the following complex numbers in modules amplitude form.
i) 1 i ii) 1 i 3 +
iii) 3 i + iv) 1 i 3

Sol: i) 1-i
Let 1-i = r cos ri sin +
r cos =1 and rsin =-1
r
2
=1+1=2 2 r =

1 1
sin
2

r
= = And
1 1
cos
2 r
= =
Therefore,
3

=
1-i= 2 cos sin
3 3
i
| | | | | |
+
| | |
\ \ \



[Link]
[Link]

ii)1 i 3 r cos ri sin + = +

2 2 2
2
r cos 1
r sin 3
r (cos sin ) 1 3
r 4
4 2
tan 3
3
2 cos i sin
3 3
=
=
+ = +
=
=

= =
| |
+
|
\


iii) 3 i r cos ri sin + = +

2 2 2
r cos 3
r sin 1
r (cos sin ) 3 1
r 2
1
tan
3
=
=
+ = +
=

=


5 5
2 cos i sin
6 6
5 5
2 cos i sin
6 6
| | | | | |
+
| | |
\ \ \
| |
+
|
\


iv) 1 3i r cos ri sin = +

2 2 2
r cos 1
r sin 3
r (cos sin ) 4
r 2
=
=
+ =
=


tan 3
2
3
=

=

[Link]
[Link]


2 2
Hence 2 cos i sin
3 3
| |
+
|
\


13. Simplify 2i(3 + i)(2 + 4i)(1 + i) and obtain the modulus of that complex number.
Sol: z = 2i(3 + i)(2 + 4i)(1 + i)
2i(2 14i)(1 i) = + +
2i(2 2i 14i 14) = + +

2i( 12 16i)
24i 32
8(4 3i)
= +
= +
= +


2
| z | 64 25
| z | 8 4 40
=
= =


14. i) If z 0 find Arg z Arg z + .
ii) If z
1
= 1 and z
2
= i then find Arg(z
1
z
2
)
iii) If z
1
= 1 and z
2
= i then find
1
2
z
Arg
z
| |
|
\
.
Sol: i) let z x iy z x iy = + =
1 1
y y
Arg z tan and Argz tan
x x

| |
= =
|
\

1 1
1 1
y y
Arg z Argz tan tan
x x
y y
tan tan
x x


| |
+ = +
|
\
| |
=
|
\

=0




[Link]
[Link]

ii) z
1
= 1 and z
2
= i
1 2 1 2
1 1
Arg(z z ) Arg z Arg z
0 1
Tan Tan
1 0
2 2

= +

= +

= =


iii)z
1
= 1 and z
2
= i
1
1 2
2
1 1
z
Arg Arg z Arg z
z
0 1
Tan Tan
1 0
2 2

| |
=
|
\

= =


15. i) If (cos 2 i sin 2 )(cos 2 i sin 2 ) + + = cos i sin + then find the value of .
ii) If 3 i r(cos i sin ) + = + then find the value of in radian measure.
iii) If x + iy = cis . cis then find the value of x
2
+ y
2
.
iv) If
2
1
1
z
; z 0
z
is an imaginary number then find the value of
1 2
1 2
2z z
2z z
+

.
v) If
100 99
( 3 i) 2 (a ib) + = + then show that a
2
+ b
2
= 4.

Sol: i) (cos 2 i sin 2 )(cos 2 i sin 2 ) + + = cos + i sin

2
cos 2 cos 2 i sin 2 cos 2 cos 2 i sin 2 i sin 2 sin 2
cos 2 cos 2 sin 2 sin 2 i(sin 2 cos 2 cos 2 sin 2 )
cos(2( )) i sin(2( ))
cos i sin
2( )
= + + +
= + +
= + + +
= +
= +



[Link]
[Link]

ii) let 3 i r(cos i sin ) + = + then

2 2 2
r cos 3
r sin 1
r (sin cos ) 4
r 2
1
tan
6 3
=
=
+ =
=

= =


iii) x + iy = (cos i sin )(cos i sin ) + +

2 2
(cos cos sin sin ) i(cos sin sin sin )
x iy cos( ) i sin( )
x cos( )
y sin( )
x y 1
= +
+ = + + +
= +
= +
+ =

iv) Given
2
1
1
z
; z 0
z
is an imaginary number =ki say
2
1 2 1
2
1 2
1
z
2
2z z z
z
2z z
2
z
+
+
=

=
2
2
2 ki 4 k
1
2 ki
4 k
+ +
= =

+


v)
100 99
( 3 i) 2 (a ib) + = +

100 99
100 99 2 2
100 99 2 2
2 2
| 3 i | 2 | a ib |
( 4) 2 a b
2 2 a b
4 a b
+ = +
= +
= +
= +



[Link]
[Link]

16. i) If z = x + iy and |z| = 1, then find the locus of z.

Sol: i) z = x + iy
2 2
2 2
| z | x y
1 x y
= +
= +
=1, given
Locus is circle.

ii) If the amplitude of (z 1) is /2 then find the locus of z.

z 1 (x 1) iy = +
Given
1
y
Tan
x 1 2

x 1 = 0, y 0 also y > 0.

17. i) Find the equation of the perpendicular bisector of the line segment joining the points
7 + 7i, 7 7i.

Sol: i)z
1
= 7 + 7i, z
2
= 7 7i
Let A (7, 7),B(7, 7) be the points which represents above complex nos.

Midpoint of AB is
7 7 7 7
M , M(7, 0)
2 2
+ | |
=
|
\

Slope of AB =
7 7
7 7
+

Slope of the line perpendicular to AB is zero.
Therefore equation of the line passing through (7,0) and having slope 0 is y = 0 .

A(7,7) M B(7,7)
[Link]
[Link]

ii) Find the equation of the straight line joining the points 9 + 6i, 11 4i in the Argand
plane.
Sol. Given complex nos. are A(9, 6) B(11, 4)
Slope of AB =
6 4 10 1
9 11 20 2
+
= =



Equation of line AB:

1
y 6 (x 9)
2
2y 12 x 9
x 2y 3

= +
=
+ =


18. If z = x + iy and if the point P in the Argand plane represents z, then describe
geometrically the locus of z satisfying the equations
i) |z 2 3i| = 5
ii) 2|z 2| = |z 1|
iii)Img z
2
= 4
iv)
z 1
Arg
z 1 4
| |
=
|
+
\

Sol: i)|z 2 3i| = 5
|x+iy 2 3i| = 5
2 2
2 2
2 2
| (x 2) (y 3) | 5
(x 2) (y 3) 25
x y 4x 6y 4 9 25 0
x y 4x 6y 12 0
+ =
+ =
+ + + =
+ =






[Link]
[Link]

ii) 2|z 2| = |z 1|
Squaring on both sides 4|z 2|
2
= |z 1|
2

4(z 2)(z 2) (z 1)(z 1)
4zz 8z 8z 16 zz z z 1
=
+ = +

3zz 7z 7z 15 0 + =
2 2
3(x y ) 7(2x) 15 0 + + =

iii)Img z
2
= 4
z = x + iy
2 2
2 2 2
2
z (x iy)
z x y 2xyi
Im(z ) 2xy
2xy 4
= +
= +
=
=

xy = 2 rectangular hyperbola.

iv)
z 1
Arg
z 1 4
| |
=
|
+
\

1
2
2 2
z 1 (x 1) iy
z
z 1 (x 1) iy
[(x 1) iy][(x 1) iy]
[(x 1) iy][(x 1) iy]
(x 1)(x 1) y iy(x 1 x 1)
(x 1) y
+
= =
+ + +
+ +
=
+ + +
+ + + + +
=
+ +

1
1
2 2
2 2
2 2
2 2
2y
Argz Tan
4 x y 1
2y
1
x y 1
2y x y 1
x y 2y 1 0

= =
+
=
+
= +
+ =


[Link]
[Link]

19. Show that the points in the Argand diagram represented by the complex numbers 2 + 2i,
2 2i, 2 3 2 3 i + are the vertices of an equilateral triangle.

Sol: Let A(2, 2), B(2, 2), C( 2 3, 2 3 ) be points represents given complex numbers in the
argand plane .
2 2
2 2
2 2
AB (2 2) (2 2) 4 2
BC ( 2 2 3) ( 2 2 3)
BC 4 12 8 3 4 12 8 3 4 2
AC (2 2 3) (2 2 3) 4 2
= + + + =
= + +
= + + + + =
= + + =

AB = AC = BC
ABC is equilateral.

20. Find the eccentricity of the ellipse whose equation is
12
4 10
5
z z + =
Sol. Given equation is of the form SP+S
1
P =2a
Where ( )
12
4, 0 ' , 0
5
S S
| |
|
\
and 2a = 10 a=5
SS= 2ae

12 8 4
4 2 5 10
5 5 5
X e e e = = =

21. Find the real and imaginary parts of the complex number
a +ib
a ib
.
Sol:
a +ib (a ib) (a ib)
a ib (a ib) (a ib)
+ +
=
+


2 2
2 2
2 2
2 2
(a) (ib) 2a(ib)
(a) (ib)
a b 2iab
a b
+ +
=

+
=
+

[Link]
[Link]


2 2
2 2 2 2
a b 2ab
i
a b a b

= +
+ +

Real part =
2 2
2 2
a b
a b

+

Imaginary part =
2 2
2ab
a b +
.

22. If 4x + i(3x y) = 3 6i where x and y are real numbers, then find the values of x and y.
Sol: We have 4x + i(3x y) = 3 + i(6). Equating the real and imaginary parts in the above
equation, we get 4x = 3, 3x y = 6. Upon solving the simultaneous equations, we get x = 3/4
and y = 33/4.

23. If z = 2 3i, then show that z
2
4z + 13= 0.
Sol: z = 2 3i z 2 = 3i (z 2)
2
= (3i)
2

z
2
+ 4 4z = 9
z
2
4z + 13 = 0.













[Link]
[Link]

Short Answer Questions

1.
i) If
2
(a ib) x iy + = + , find x
2
+ y
2
.
Sol: i)
2
(a ib) x iy + = +

2 2
2 2
a b 2abi x iy
a b x
2ab y
+ = +
=
=

Now x
2
= (a
2
b
2
)
2

y
2
= 4a
2
b
2


2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
x y (a b ) 4a b (a b ) + = + = +

ii) If
3
x +iy =
2 +cos +isin
then show that x
2
+ y
2
= 4x 3.
3
x +iy =
2 +cos +isin
rationalizing the dr.

2 2 2
2 2
3(2 cos i sin )
(2 cos ) i sin
3(2 +cos i sin)
4 +cos +4 cos +sin
6 3 cos 3 i sin
5 4 cos
6 3 cos 3 i sin
5 4 cos 5 4 cos
+
=
+

=
+
=
+
+
= +
+ +


6 3 cos 3 sin
x , y
5 4 cos 5 4 cos
+
= =
+ +

L.H.S. =

2 2
2 2
6 3 cos 3 sin
x y
5 4 cos 5 4 cos
| | | | +
+ = +
| |
+ +
\ \


2 2
2
36 9cos 36cos 9sin
(5 4cos )
+ + +
=
+

[Link]
[Link]


2
2
45 36cos
(5 4cos )
9(5 4cos )
(5 4cos )
+
=
+
+
=
+

x
2
+ y
2

9
5 4cos
=
+

R.H.S. =

4 (6 3cos )
4x 3 3
5 4cos
24 12cos 15 12cos
5 4cos
9
5 4cos
+
=
+
+
=
+
=
+

x
2
+ y
2
= 4x 3.

iii)If
1
x iy =
1+cos +isin
+ then show that 4x
2
1 = 0.
1
x iy =
1+cos +isin
+

2 2 2
1 cos i sin
x iy
(1 cos ) i sin
+
+ =
+


2
2
1 cos 1 cos
x
2 2cos 2(1 cos )
1
x 2x 1
2
4x 1
4x 1 0
+ +
= =
+ +
= =
=
=







[Link]
[Link]

iv) If
2 i
u iv
z 3
+
+ =
+
and z = x + iy find u, v.
2 i
u iv
z 3
+
+ =
+


2 2
2 2 2 2
2 i
(x 3) iy
(2 i)(x 3 iy)
(x 3) y
(x 3)2 y i(x 3 2y)
(x 3) y (x 3) y
+
=
+ +
+ +
=
+ +
+ + +
= +
+ + + +


2 2 2 2
2(x 3) y x 3 2y
u , v
(x 3) y (x 3) y
+ + +
= =
+ + + +


2. i) If z = 3 + 5i then show that z
3
10z
2
+ 58z 136 = 0.
Sol: i) z = 3 + 5i
(z 3)
2
= (5i)
2


2 2
2
2
3 2
3 2 2
3 2 2
3 2
z 6z 9 25i
z 6z 9 25
z 6z 34 0
z 6z 34z 0
(z 10z 58z 136) 4z 24z 136 0
(z 10z 58z 136) 4(z 6z 34) 0
z 10z 58z 136 0
+ =
+ =
+ =
+ =
+ + + =
+ + + =
+ =


ii) If z = 2 i 7 then show that
3z
3
4z
2
+ z + 88 = 0.
z 2 i 7 =
[Link]
[Link]


2 2
2
2
3 2
3 2
3 2 2
3 2 2
3 2
(z 2) ( i 7)
z 4z 4 7
z 4z 11 0
z 4z 11z 0
3z 12z 33z 0
(3z 4z z 88) ( 8z 32z 88) 0
(3z 4z z 88) 8(z 4z 11) 0
3z 4z z 88 0
=
+ =
+ =
+ =
+ =
+ + + + =
+ + + =
+ + =


iii) Show that
2
2 i 2 11i
and
25 (1 2i)

are conjugate to each other.

2
2 i
z
(1 2i)

(if z = a + ib, z a ib = )

2 i
(1 4) 4i
2 i
3 4i
(2 i)( 3 4i)
( 3 4i)( 3 4i)

=

+
=
+


6 8i 3i 4
9 16
2 11i
25
+ + +
=
+
+
=

2 11i
z
25
+
= [Conjugate to z is z ]

3. i) If
1/ 3
(x iy) a ib = , then show that
2 2
x y
4(a b )
a b
+ = .
Sol: i)
1/ 3
(x iy) a ib =

3
3 3
3 2 3 2
3 2 3 2
x iy (a ib)
x iy a ib 3a( ib)(a ib)
x a 3ab & iy ib 3a bi
x a 3ab & y b 3a b
=
= + +
= =
= =

[Link]
[Link]


3 2
y b 3a b =

2 2 2 2
x y
a 3b and b 3a
a b
= =

( )
2 2
x y
4 a b
a b
=

ii) Write
2 2
a ib a ib
a ib a ib
+ | | | |

| |
+
\ \
in the form x + iy.

2 2
a ib a ib
a ib a ib
+ | | | |

| |
+
\ \

2 2
(a ib)(a ib) (a ib)(a ib)
z
(a ib)(a ib) (a ib)(a ib)
| | | | + +
=
| |
+ +
\ \


( )
2 2
2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2
2 2
2 2 2
a b 2abi a b 2abi
a b a b
1
8ab(a b )i
(a b )
| | | |
+
=
| |
+ +
\ \
=
+

iii)If x and y are real numbers such that
(1 i)x 2i (2 3i)y i
i
3 i 3 i
+ +
+ =
+
then determine the
values of x and y.

(1 i)x 2i (2 3i)y i
i
3 i 3 i
+ +
+ =
+


[(1 i)x 2i](3 i) [(2 3i)y i](3 i)
i
(3 i)(3 i) (3 i)(3 i)
+ + +
+ =
+ +


2
x(3 i 3i 1) y(6 2i 9i 3) 6i 2 3i 1
i
9 1
+ + + + + + +
=
+


i(2x 2 7y 3) 4x 9y 3
i
10 10
+ +
+ =

4x 9y 3 0
2x 7y 3 10
+ =
=

Solving we get, x = 3, y = 1.

[Link]
[Link]

4. i) Find the least positive integer n, satisfying
n
1 i
1
1 i
+ | |
=
|

\
.

Sol: i)
n
1 i
1
1 i
+ | |
=
|

\


n
n
n
n 2 2 4
4
(1 i)(1 i)
1
(1 i)(1 i)
2i
1
2
i 1
( i 1 1 1 i i i )
n 4
i 1
| | + +
=
|
+
\
| |
=
|
\
=
= = = =
=

Least value of n = 4.

ii) If
3 3
1 i 1 i
x iy
1 i 1 i
| | | | +
= +
| |
+
\ \
find x and y


3 3
1 i 1 i
x iy
1 i 1 i
| | | | +
= +
| |
+
\ \


3 3
(1 i)(1 i) (1 i)(1 i)
x iy
(1 i)(1 i) (1 i)(1 i)
| | | | + +
= +
| |
+ +
\ \


3 3
2i 2i
2 2
i 1 x iy
x 0
y 2
| | | |

| |
\ \
= +
=
=




[Link]
[Link]

iii)Find the real values of in order that
3 2i sin
1 2i sin
+

is a
(a) Real Number (b) Purely Imaginary Number.

z =
3 2i sin
1 2i sin
+



2
2
(3 2i sin )(1 2i sin )
z
(1 2i sin )(1 2i sin )
3 4sin 8i sin
z
1 4sin
+ +
=
+
+
=
+

Z is purely real imaginary part = 0

2
8sin
0
1 4sin
sin 0
n , n I

=
+
=
=

z is purely imaginary Real part zero

2
2
2
3 4sin
0
1 4sin
3
sin
4
3
sin
2
2n , n I
3

=
+
=
=

=


iv) Find the real value of x and y if
x 1 y 1
i
3 i 3 i

+ =
+
.

( )( )
( )( )
( )( )
( )( )
x 1 3 i y 1 3 i
x 1 y 1
i i
3 i 3 i 3 i 3 i 3 i 3 i
+

+ = + =
+ + +

[Link]
[Link]


(x 1)(3 i) (y 1)(3 i)
i
9 1 9 1
3(x 1) 3(y 1) i(1 x y 1)
i
10 10
3x 3y 6 x y
i
10 10
3x 3y 6 0
y x 10
+
+ =
+ +
+ +
+ =
+ +
+ =
+ =
=

Solving we get, x = 4, y = 6.

5. Simplify the following complex numbers and find their modulus.

(2 4i)( 1 2i)
( 1 i)(3 i)
+ +


Sol: z =
(2 4i)( 1 2i)
( 1 i)(3 i)
+ +


2
2
2 4i 4i 8i
3 1 3i i
+ +
=
+ +

10 5
4 2i 2 i
5(2 i)
(2 i)(2 i)

= =
+

=
+


5(2 i)
2 i
4 1
| z | 4 1 5

= =
+
= + =


6. i) If (1 i)(2 i)(3 i)...(1 ni) x iy = then prove that
2 2 2
2 5 10...(1 n ) x y + = + .
Sol: i) (1 i)(2 i)(3 i)...(1 ni) x iy =
Taking modulus both sides.
2 2 2
2 2 2
| (1 1) || (2 i) | ... | 1 ni | | x iy |
2 5...... 1 n x y
2 5 ... (1 n ) x y
=
+ = +
+ = +


[Link]
[Link]

ii) If the real part of
z 1
z i
+
+
is 1, then find the locus of z.

z 1
z i
+
+
= k
1
+ k
2
i

1 2
1 2
(x 1) iy
k k i
(x) (y 1)i
[(x 1) iy][x (y 1)i]
k k i
[x (y 1)i][x (y 1)i]
+ +
= +
+ +
+ + +
= +
+ + +


2 2
x(x 1) y(y 1) i(xy (x 1)(y 1))
x (y 1)
+ + + + + +
+ +

Given real part = 1

2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2
x y x y x (y 1)
x y x y x y 2y 1
x y 1
+ + + = + +
+ + + = + + +
=

iii)If |z 3 + i| = 4 determine the locus of z.
|z 3 + i| = 4

2 2
2 2
2 2
| (x 3) i(y 1) | 4
(x 3) (y 1) 16
x y 6x 2y 10 16
x y 6x 2y 6 0
+ + =
+ + =
+ + + =
+ + =


iv) If | z ai | | z ai | + = then find the locus of z.
|z + ai| = |z ai|

2 2 2 2
| (x) (y a)i | | x (y a)i |
x (y a) x (y a)
y 0
+ + = +
+ + = +
=





[Link]
[Link]

7. If z = x + iy and if the point P in the Argand plane represents z, then describe
geometrically the locus of P satisfying the equations
i) |2z 3| = 7
Sol: i)|2z 3| = 7

2 2
2 2
2 2
2 2
| 2(x) 3 2yi | 7
(2x 3) 4y 7
4x 12x 9 4y 49
4x 4y 12x 40 0
x y 3x 10 0
+ =
+ =
+ + =
+ =
+ =

Centre
3
, 0
2
| |
|
\
, radius =
7
2

ii) |z|
2
= 4 Re (z + 2)

2
| z | 4Re(z 2) = +
x
2
+ y
2
= 4(x + 2)
x
2
+ y
2
4x 8 = 0
Circle centre (2, 0).
Radius = 12 2 3 = .

iii)|z + i|
2
|z i|
2
= 2

2 2 2 2
x (y 1) x (y 1) 2
4y 2
2y 1 2y 1 0
+ + =
=
= =

Line parallel to x-axis.

iv) |z + 4i| + |z 4i| = 10
Sol: Given |z + 4i| + |z 4i| = 10.
| (x (y 4)i) | | (x (y 4)i) | 10 + + + + =
[Link]
[Link]


( )
2 2 2 2
2
2 2 2 2
x (y 4) x (y 4) 10
x (y 4) 10 x (y 4)
+ + + + =
+ + =


2 2
2 2 2 2
x (y 4)
100 x (y 4) 20 x (y 4)
+ + =
+ + +

Solving we get
25x
2
+ 9y
2
= 225 is ellipse.
Centre (0, 0)
Eccentricity = e =
2 2
2
a b
a

25 9
25

=

4
e
5
= .
8. If z
1
, z
2
are two non-zero complex numbers satisfying
i) |z
1
+ z
2
| = |z
1
| + |z
2
| then show that Arg z
1
Arg z
2
= 0.
Sol: i)|z
1
+ z
2
| = |z
1
| + |z
2
|
Squaring both sides

( )
2
2
1 2 1 2
1 2 1 2
2 2
1 2 1 2
1 1 2 2 1 2 2 1
2 2
1 2 1 2
1 2 2 1 1 2
| z z | | z | | z |
(z z )(z z )
| z | | z | 2 | z || z |
z z z z z z z z
| z | | z | 2 | z || z |
z z z z 2 | z || z |
+ = +
+ +
= + +
+ + +
= + +
+ =


1 1 2 2 2 2 1 1
2 2 2 2
1 1 2 2
(x iy )(x iy ) (x iy )(x iy )
2 x y x y
+ + +
= + +

Squaring on both sides we get
[Link]
[Link]


2 2 2 2 2
1 2 1 2 1 1 2 2
2
1 2 1 2
2 1
2 1
1 2
(x x y y ) (x y )(x y )
(x y y x ) 0
y y
x x
Arg z Arg z 0
+ = + +
=
=
=

ii) If z = x + iy and the point P represents z in the Argand plane and
z a
1
z a

=
+

Re(a) 0 then find the locus of P.
Sol.
z a
1
z a

=
+

| z a | | z a | = +
Squaring on both sides
(x a)
2
+ y
2
= (x + a)
2
+ y
2

4xa = 0
x = 0
Parallel to y-axis.

9. If
3 1
2 1
z z
z z

is a real number, show that the points represented by the complex numbers z
1
, z
2
,
z
3
are collinear.
Sol:

1 3
1 2
z z
Arg 0
z z
| |
=
|

\
then
1 3
1 2
z z
z z

is real.
= 0
z
1
, z
2
, z
3
are collinear.

z
1

z
3

z
2


O
[Link]
[Link]

10. Show that the four points in the Argand plane represented by the complex numbers 2 + i,
4 + 3i, 2 + 5i, 3i are the vertices of a square.
Sol: Let the four points represented by the given complex numbers be A, B, C, D then
A = (2, 1), B (4, 3), C (2, 5), D (0, 3)
AB =
2 2
(4 2) (3 1) 4 4 2 2 + = + =
BC =
2 2
(4 2) (3 5) 4 4 2 2 + = + =
AC =
2 2
(2 2) (5 1) 0 16 4 + = + =
BD =
2 2
(4 0) (3 3) 16 0 4 + = + =
AB = BC and AC = BD
Given Complex number are the vertices of a square.

11. Show that the points in the Argand diagram represented by the complex numbers
2 + 7i,
3 1
i
2 2

+ , 4 3i,
7
2
(1 + i) are the vertices of a rhombus.
Sol: A(2, 7),
3 1 7 7
B , , C(4, 3), D ,
2 2 2 2
| | | |

| |
\ \

2 2
3 1
AB 2 7
2 2
1 169 170
4 4 2
| | | |
= + +
| |
\ \
= + =

2 2
3 1
BC 4 3
2 2
121 49 170
4 4 2
| | | |
= + +
| |
\ \
= + =

2 2
7 7
CD 4 3
2 2
1 169 170
4 4 2
| | | |
= +
| |
\ \
= + =

[Link]
[Link]

2 2
7 7
AD 2 7
2 2
121 49 170
4 4 2
| | | |
= +
| |
\ \
= + =

Slope of AC =
7 3 10 5
2 4 6 3
+
= =


Slope of BD =
7 1
3
2 2
7 3
5
3 2

=
+

AC BD
ABCD is rhombus.

12. Show that the points in the Argand diagram represented by the complex numbers z
1
, z
2
, z
3

are collinear if and only if there exists real numbers p, q, r not all zero, satisfying
pz
1
+ qz
2
+ rz
3
= 0 and p + q + r = 0
Sol: pz
1
+ qz
2
+ rz
3
= 0
pz
1
+ qz
2
= rz
3

1 2
3
pz qz
(p q) rz
p q
| | +
+ =
|
+
\

Now p + q = r
1 2
3
pz qz
z
p q
+
=
+

z
3
divides z
1
and z
2
is q : p ratio. z
1
, z
2
, z
3
are collinear.





[Link]
[Link]

13. The points P, Q denote the complex numbers z
1
, z
2
in the Argand diagram. O is origin. If
1 2 1 2
z z z z 0 + = then show that POQ = 90.
Sol:
1 2 1 2
z z z z 0 + =
1 2 1 2 1 1
2 2 2 2
1
2
z z z z z z
0 0
z z z z
z
Real of 0
z
| |
| | +
| = + =
|
|
\
\
=

Or
1
2
z
z
is purely imaginary
Let Imaginary part of
1
2
z
z
| |
|
\
is k.

1
2
z
z
= ki.
1
2
z
Arg
z 2
| |
=
|
\
.

14. Determine the locus of z, z 2i, such that
z 4
0
z 2i
| |
=
|

\
.
Sol: Let z = x + iy, then
z 4 x iy 4 (x 4) iy
z 2i x iy 2i x i(y 2)
+ +
= =
+ +


(x 4) iy x i(y 2)
x i(y 2) x i(y 2)
+
=
+


2 2
2 2
(x 4x y 2y) i(2x 4y 8)
x (y 2)
+ + +
=
+

Hence, real part of
z 4
z 2i
| |
|

\
=
2 2
2 2
x y 4x 2y
x (y 2)
+
+

The ratio on the RHS is zero.
i.e. x
2
4x + y
2
2y = 0 if and only if
(x 2)
2
+ (y 1)
2
= 5.
[Link]
[Link]

Therefore z 2i and
z 4
Re 0
z 2i
| |
=
|

\

(x, y) (0, 2) and (x 2)
2
+ (y 1)
2
= 5.
Hence the locus of the given point representing the complex number is the circle with (2, 1) as
centre and 5 units as radius except the point (0, 2).

15. Write z = 7 i 21 + in the polar form.
Sol: If z = 7 i 21 + = x + iy
Then x = 7 , y = 21 ,
2 2
r x y = +
7 21 28 2 7 = + = =
y 21
tan 3
x 7
= = =

Since the given point lies in the second quadrant, we look for a solution of tan = 3 which
lies in ,
2
| |

|
\
. We find that
2
3

= is such a solution.
2 2
7 i 21 2 7 cos i sin
3 3
(
+ = +
(



16. If the amplitude of
z 2
z 6i 2
| |
=
|

\
, find its locus.
Sol: Let z = x + iy
Then
z 2 x 2 iy
z 6i x i(y 6)
+
=
+


[(x 2) iy][x (i(y 6)]
[x i(y 6)][x i(y 6)]
+
=
+


2 2 2 2
x(x 2) y(y 6) xy (x 2) (y 6)
i
x (y 6) x (y 6)
+
= +
+ +

= a + ib (say)
[Link]
[Link]

Then a =
2 2
x(x 2) y(y 6)
x (y 6)
+
+

b =
2 2
xy (x 2) (y 6)
x (y 6)

+

But by the hypothesis, amplitude of a ib
2

+ = .
Hence a = 0 and b 0
x(x 2) + y(y 6) = 0 or
x
2
+ y
2
2x 6y = 0 (1)
and 3x +y 6 0 (2)
The points satisfying (1) and (2) constitute the arc of the circle x
2
+ y
2
2x 6y = 0 intercepted
by the diameter 3x + y 6 = 0 not containing the origin and excluding the points (0, 6) and
(2, 0). Hence this arc is the required locus.

17. Show that the equation of any circle in the complex plane is of the form
zz bz bz c 0, (b C;c R) + + + = .
Sol: Assume the general form of the equation of a circle in Cartesian coordinates as
2 2
x y 2gx 2fy c 0, (g, f R) + + + + = ... (1)
To write this equation in the complex variable form,
Let (x, y) = z. Then
z z z z i(z z)
x, y
2 2i 2
+
= = =
2 2 2
x y | z | zz + = =
Substituting these results in equation (1), we obtain
zz g(z z) f (z z)( i) c 0 + + + + =
i.e. zz (g if )z (g if )z c 0 + + + + = ... (2)
If g + if = b, then equation (2) can be written as: zz bz bz c 0 + + + = .
.

[Link]
[Link]

18. Show that the complex numbers z satisfying
2 2
z + z = 2 constitute a hyperbola.
Sol. Substituting z = x + iy in the given equation
2 2
z z 2 + = , we obtain the Cartesian form of the
given equation.

2 2
(x iy) (x iy) 2 + + =
i.e.,
2 2 2 2
x y 2ixy x y 2ixy 2 + + =
Or 2x
2
2y
2
= 2 i.e., x
2
y
2
= 1.
Since this equation denotes a hyperbola all the complex numbers satisfying
2 2
z z 2 + = constitute
the hyperbola x
2
y
2
= 1.

19. Show that the points in the Argand diagram represented by the complex numbers 1+ 3i,
4 3i, 5 5i are collinear.
Sol: Let P = (1 + 3i) represented by (1, 3)
Q = 4 3i represented by (4, 3)
R = 5 5i represented by (5, 5)
If slope of PQ = slope QR then P, Q, R are collinear.
Slope of PQ =
3 3 6
2
1 4 3
+
= =


Slope of QR =
3 5
4 5
+

= 2
P, Q, R are collinear.

20. Find the equation of straight line joining the points represented by (4+3i), (2 3i) in the
Argand plane.
Sol: Take the given points as
A = 4 + 3i = ( 4, 3)
B = 2 3i = (2, 3)
Equation of the straight line AB is

3 3
y 3 (x 4)
4 2
+
= +


i.e., x + y + 1 = 0.
[Link]
[Link]

21. The point P resent a complex number z in the Argand plane. If the amplitude of z is /4,
determine the locus of P.
Sol: Let z = x + iy
By hypothesis, amplitude of z
4

= .
Hence
z
x z cos
4 2

= = and
z
y z sin
4 2

= =
Hence x 0, y 0 and x = y.
Clearly for any x [0, ), the point x + ix has amplitude /4.
The locus of P is the ray
( )
{ }
2
x, y R | x 0, y 0, x y =

22. If the point P denotes the complex number z = x + iy in the Argand plane and if
z i
z 1

is a
purely imaginary number, find the locus of P.
Sol: We note that
z i
z 1

is not defined if z = 1.
Since, z = x + iy,
( ) x i y 1
z i x iy i
z 1 x iy 1 x 1 iy
+
+
= =
+ +


( ) ( )
( ) ( )
x i y 1 x 1 iy
x 1 iy x 1 iy
( ( +

=
( ( +



( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
2 2
x y x y 1 x y
i
x 1 y x 1 y
| |
+
| = +
|
+ +
\

z i
z 1

Will be purely imaginary, if and z 1 and

( )
2 2
2
2
x y x y
0
x 1 y
+
=
+
.
i.e.,
2 2
x y x y 0 + = and ( ) ( ) x, y 1, 0 .
The locus of P is the circle
2 2
x y x y 0 + = excluding the point (1, 0).

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[Link]

23. The complex no. z has argument , 0
2

< < and satisfy the equation 3 3. z i = Then

prove that
6
cot i
z
| |
=
|
\
.
Sol. Let z = x+iy3

( )
( )
2
2
2 2
2 2
3 3 3 3
3 3
3 3
6 9 9
6 0
z i x iy i
x i y
x y
x y y
x y y
= + =
=
+ =
+ + =
+ =


2 2
2 2 2
6
6 6
1 1
6 6
1
x y y
y y
x y
z
y z
z y zz
+ =
= =
+
= =


6
6 6
cot
6
cot
x iy
z y
x
i i
z y z
i
z

=
= =
=