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Types of Hypersensitivity Reactions

This document summarizes the four main types of hypersensitivity reactions: I. Type I immediate hypersensitivity is mediated by IgE antibodies and mast cells, causing rapid allergic reactions. Diseases include allergies, asthma, and anaphylaxis. II. Type II antibody-mediated reactions involve IgG antibodies binding to cells or tissues, activating the complement system and attracting phagocytes, causing issues like hemolytic anemia. III. Type III immune complex-mediated reactions occur when circulating immune complexes deposit in blood vessels, activating the complement system and attracting neutrophils, linked to diseases like SLE. IV. Type IV T cell-mediated reactions can be TH1 or TH2

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12 views1 page

Types of Hypersensitivity Reactions

This document summarizes the four main types of hypersensitivity reactions: I. Type I immediate hypersensitivity is mediated by IgE antibodies and mast cells, causing rapid allergic reactions. Diseases include allergies, asthma, and anaphylaxis. II. Type II antibody-mediated reactions involve IgG antibodies binding to cells or tissues, activating the complement system and attracting phagocytes, causing issues like hemolytic anemia. III. Type III immune complex-mediated reactions occur when circulating immune complexes deposit in blood vessels, activating the complement system and attracting neutrophils, linked to diseases like SLE. IV. Type IV T cell-mediated reactions can be TH1 or TH2

Uploaded by

mcwnotes
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Hypersensitivity

Type Molecule Antigen Type Effector Mechanism Reaction Diseases


I– IgE Soluble (i.e venom, IL-4, 5, 13 stim B cells to Allergic rhinitis, asthma, Anaphylaxis, Allergies (strong
Immediate pollen, foods, make IgE systemic anaphylaxis and rapid response to 2nd
dander, drugs) Allergen x-links IgE on Mast exposure)
cells – activation and
degranulation (Histamine,
PGE, leukotrienes)
II – Ab IgG/M Cell or ECM Ab deposit in tissue space – Drug allergies Hemolytic anemia, pernicious
Mediated associated Opsonization, Local anema, erythroblastosis fetalis,
Dzs inflammation (recruit cells, Rheumatic Fever,
produce ROI, proteases) Goodpasture’s, Graves’,
FcR+ phagocytes and NK Myasthenia Gravis
cells
III – Immune IgG Soluble Ag Immune complexes aggregate Vasculitis, Serum SLE, RA, polyarteritis nodosa,
Complex aggregates – circulating in blood and deposit into vascular Sickness (in vessels), Poststrep glomerulonephritis,
Mediated Immune space Arthus rxn (intradermal) Serum sicknes, Arthus Rxn
Dzs complexes Immune complexes activate
complement system – PMN
recruitment
IV – T cell TH1 Soluble MØ activation, IL-12, IFN-γ, Contact dermatitis, TB Contact dermatitis (i.e poison
Mediated TNF-α (Inflammation) rxn ivy), PPD, MS, Type I DM,
Dzs (DTH) TH2 Soluble Eosinophil activation, IL-4, Chronic asthma and Guillan-Barré, Hashimoto’s
-5, -13 allergic rhinitis (**diff Thyroiditis, GVHD,
(Inflammation) than type I)
CTL Cell associated CTL-mediated cytotoxicity Contact dermatitis

Cyclosporine – inhibits T cell gene tx and cell activation

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