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Understanding English Conjunctions

This document discusses the different types of conjunctions: 1) Coordinating conjunctions (FANBOYS) join equal grammatical structures like words, phrases, and clauses together. Commas are used when joining three or more items or joining two independent clauses. 2) Correlative conjunctions require equal structures on both sides and join words or phrases. 3) Conjunctive adverbs join independent clauses and require a semicolon before and comma after. 4) Subordinating conjunctions make one clause dependent on the other and provide a tighter connection between clauses than coordinating conjunctions. Punctuation depends on clause order.

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65 views5 pages

Understanding English Conjunctions

This document discusses the different types of conjunctions: 1) Coordinating conjunctions (FANBOYS) join equal grammatical structures like words, phrases, and clauses together. Commas are used when joining three or more items or joining two independent clauses. 2) Correlative conjunctions require equal structures on both sides and join words or phrases. 3) Conjunctive adverbs join independent clauses and require a semicolon before and comma after. 4) Subordinating conjunctions make one clause dependent on the other and provide a tighter connection between clauses than coordinating conjunctions. Punctuation depends on clause order.

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Chyn Ing
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CONJUNCTIONS

Conjunctions are words used as joiners. Different kinds of conjunctions join different kinds of grammatical structures. The following are the kinds of conjunctions:

A. COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS (FANBOYS) for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so Coordinating conjunctions join equals to one another: words to words, phrases to phrases, clauses to clauses.

Coordinating conjunctions usually form looser connections than other conjunctions do.

Coordinating conjunctions go in between items joined, not at the beginning or end.

Punctuation with coordinating conjunctions: When a coordinating conjunction joins two words, phrases, or subordinate clauses, no comma should be placed before the conjunction.

A coordinating conjunction joining three or more words, phrases, or subordinate clauses creates a series and requires commas between the elements.

A coordinating conjunction joining two independent clauses creates a compound sentence and requires a comma before the coordinating conjunction

B. CORRELATIVE CONJUNCTIONS either. . .or neither. . . nor both. . . and not only. . . but also

These pairs of conjunctions require equal (parallel) structures after each one.

C. CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS These conjunctions join independent clauses together. The following are frequently used conjunctive adverbs: after all also as a result besides consequently finally for example furthermore hence however in addition incidentally indeed in fact in other words instead likewise meanwhile moreover nevertheless next nonetheless on the contrary on the other hand otherwise still then therefore thus

Punctuation: Place a semicolon before the conjunctive adverb and a comma after theconjunctive adverb.

D. SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS These words are commonly used as subordinating conjunctions

after although as as far as as soon as as if as though because before even if even though how if inasmuch as in case (that)

in order (that) insofar as in that lest no matter how now that once provided (that) since so that supposing (that) than that though till

unless until when whenever where wherever whether while why

Subordinating conjunctions also join two clauses together, but in doing so, they make one clause dependent (or "subordinate") upon the other.

A subordinating conjunction may appear at a sentence beginning or between two clauses in a sentence.

A subordinate conjunction usually provides a tighter connection between clauses than a coordinating conjunctions does. Loose: Tight: It is raining, so we have an umbrella. Because it is raining, we have an umbrella.

Punctuation Note: When the dependent clause is placed first in a sentence, use a comma between the two clauses. When the independent clause is placed first and the dependent clause second,do not separate the two clauses with a comma.

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