Finish Line & Beyond
INTRODUCTION TO GRAPHS
1. Graphical presentation of data is easier to understand.
2. (i) Abar graph is used to show comparison among categories.
(ii) A pie graph is used to compare parts of a whole.
(iii) AHistogram is a bar graph that shows data in intervals.
3. Aline graph displays data that changes continuously over periods of time.
4. A line graph which is a whole unbroken line is called a linear graph.
5. For fixing a point on the graph sheet we need, x-coordinate and y-coordinate.
6. The relation between dependent variable and independent variable is shown
through a graph.
EXERCISE 1
1. The following graph shows the temperature of a patient in a hospital, re-
corded every hour.
Temperature
40
39
38
37
Temperature
36
35
34
33
9:00 10:00 11:00 12 1:00 2:00 3:00
AM AM AM NOON PM PM PM
(a) What was the patient’s temperature at 1 p.m. ?
(b) When was the patient’s temperature 38.5° C?
(c) The patient’s temperature was the same two times during the period given.
What were these two times?
(d) What was the temperature at 1.30 p.m.? How did you arrive at your answer?
(e) During which periods did the patients’ temperature showed an upward trend?
Answer: (a) 36.5˚C
(b) 12:00 Noon
(c) at 1:00 PM and 2:00 PM
(d) Data Insufficient
(e) from 10:00 to 11:00 AM and from 2:00 to 3:00 PM
[Link] ©2009 send your queries to enquiry@[Link]
Finish Line & Beyond
2. The following line graph shows the yearly sales figures for a manufactur-
ing company.
12
10
8 Year 2002
2003 2004
2005 2006
6
Sale in Rs.
Crores
4
0
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
(a) What were the sales in (i) 2002 (ii) 2006?
(b) What were the sales in (i) 2003 (ii) 2005?
(c) Compute the difference between the sales in 2002 and 2006.
(d) In which year was there the greatest difference between the sales as compared
to its previous year?
Answer: (a) (i) Rs. 4 crores (ii) Rs. 8 crores
(b) (i) Rs. 7 Crores (ii) Rs. 10 crores
(c) 8-4=4; Sales of 2006 is Rs. 4 crores more than that of 2002
(d) 2005 sees the greatest jump in sales which clear from the steepest angle
between these years.
[Link] ©2009 send your queries to enquiry@[Link]
Finish Line & Beyond
3. For an experiment in Botany, two different plants, plant A and plant B
were grown under similar laboratory conditions. Their heights were meas-
ured at the end of each week for 3 weeks. The results are shown by the fol-
lowing graph.
12
10
8
Height(cm)
Plant A
6
Plant B
4
0
Start Week 1 Week 2 Week 3
Period
(a) How high was Plant A after (i) 2 weeks (ii) 3 weeks?
Answer: (i) 7 cm (ii) 9 cm
(b) How high was Plant B after (i) 2 weeks (ii) 3 weeks?
Answer: (i) 7 cm (ii) 10 cm
(c) How much did Plant A grow during the 3rd week?
Answer: 2 cm
(d) How much did Plant B grow from the end of the 2nd week to the end of the 3rd
week?
Answer: 3 cm
(e) During which week did Plant A grow most?
Answer: from week 1 to week 2 by 5 cm
(f) During which week did Plant B grow least?
Answer: In the first week by 1 cm
(g) Were the two plants of the same height during any week shown here? Specify.
[Link] ©2009 send your queries to enquiry@[Link]
Finish Line & Beyond
Answer: Second week both have a height of 7 cm
4. The following graph shows the temperature forecast and the actual tem-
perature for each day of a week.
40
35
Temperature in celsius
30
25
Forecast
20
Actual
15
10
5
0
Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun
Days
(a) On which days was the forecast temperature the same as the actual temperat-
ure?
Answer: Tuesday 20˚ c, Friday 15˚ c and Sunday 35˚ c
(b) What was the maximum forecast temperature during the week?
Answer: 35˚ c
(c) What was the minimum actual temperature during the week?
Answer: 35˚ c
(d) On which day did the actual temperature differ the most from the forecast tem-
perature?
Answer: Thursday, by 7.5˚ c ( Notice the largest gap between two lines)
5. Use the tables below to draw linear graphs.
(a) The number of days a hill side city received snow in different years.
Year 2003 2004 2005 2006
Days 8 10 5 12
[Link] ©2009 send your queries to enquiry@[Link]
Finish Line & Beyond
Answer:
14
Number of Days of Snowfall
12
10
8 Year
6 Days
0
2003 2004 2005 2006
Year
(b) Population (in thousands) of men and women in a village in different years.
Year 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Number of Men 12 12.5 13 13.2 13.5
Number of Women 11.3 11.9 13 13.6 12.8
16
14
Population in Thousands
12
10
Number of Men
8
Number of Women
6
4
2
0
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Year
[Link] ©2009 send your queries to enquiry@[Link]
Finish Line & Beyond
6. A courier-person cycles from a town to a neighbouring suburban area to
deliver a parcel to a merchant. His distance from the town at different times
is shown by the following graph.
Distance
25
20
Distance in Kms
15
Distance
10
0
8:00 AM 9:00 AM 10:00 AM 11:00 AM 12 NOON
Time
(a) What is the scale taken for the time axis?
Answer: Kilometres
(b) How much time did the person take for the travel?
Answer: 4 hours
(c) How far is the place of the merchant from the town?
Answer: 22 kms
(d) Did the person stop on his way? Explain.
Answer: Between 10:00 AM to 11:00 AM the line is horizontal, which explains that
the person took rest between these timings
(e) During which period did he ride fastest?
Answer: Between 8:00 AM and 9:00 AM he traveled 10 kms, (look for the steepest
angle made by the line)
[Link] ©2009 send your queries to enquiry@[Link]
Finish Line & Beyond
EXERCISE 2
1. Plot the following points on a graph sheet. Verify if they lie on a line
(a) A(4, 0), B(4, 2), C(4, 6), D(4, 2.5)
4 Series2
0
A B C D
(b) P(1, 1), Q(2, 2), R(3, 3), S(4, 4)
3 Series2
0
P Q R S
[Link] ©2009 send your queries to enquiry@[Link]
Finish Line & Beyond
(c) K(2, 3), L(5, 3), M(5, 5), N(2, 5)
4 Series2
0
K L M N
EXERCISE 3
1. Draw the graphs for the following tables of values, with suitable scales on
the axes.
(a) Cost of apples
Number of apples 1 2 3 4 5
Cost (in Rs) 5 10 15 20 25
30
25
Cost in Rupees
20
Number of apples
15
Cost (in Rs)
10
0
1 2 3 4 5
Number of Apples
[Link] ©2009 send your queries to enquiry@[Link]
Finish Line & Beyond
(b) Distance travelled by a car
Time (in hours) 6 am 7 am 8 am 9 am
Distances (in km) 40 80 120 160
180
160
140
Distance in km
120
100
Series1
80
60
40
20
0
6:00 AM 7:00 AM 8:00 AM 9:00 AM
Time in Hours
(i) How much distance did the car cover during the period 7.30 a.m. to 8 a.m?
Answer: 20 km
(ii) What was the time when the car had covered a distance of 100 km since it’s
start?
Answer: 7:30 AM
(c) Interest on deposits for a year.
Deposit (in Rs) 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000
Simple Interest (in Rs) 80 160 240 320 400
[Link] ©2009 send your queries to enquiry@[Link]
Finish Line & Beyond
450
400
350
Simple Interest in Rs
300
250
Series1
200
150
100
50
0
1000 2000 3000 4000 5000
Deposit in Rs
(i) Does the graph pass through the origin?
Answer: Yes
(ii) Use the graph to find the interest on Rs 2500 for a year.
Answer: The mid point between 2000 and 3000 is near Rs. 200, so the interest for
Rs. 2500 is Rs. 200
(iii) To get an interest of Rs 280 per year, how much money should be deposited?
Answer: to get Rs. 80 per year one needs to deposit Rs. 1000
1000
∴ to get Re. 1 per year one needs to deposit Rs.
80
1000
∴ to get Rs. 280 per year one needs to deposit Rs. × 280 = 3500
80
2. Draw a graph for the following.
(i)
Side of square (in cm) 2 3 3.5 5 6
Perimeter (in cm) 8 12 14 20 24
[Link] ©2009 send your queries to enquiry@[Link]
Finish Line & Beyond
30
25
Perimeter (in cm)
20
15 Series1
10
0
2 3 3.5 5 6
Side of Square (in cm)
(ii)
Side of square (in cm) 2 3 4 5 6
Area (in sqcm) 4 9 16 25 36
40
35
30
Area (in sq cm)
25
20 Series1
15
10
5
0
2 3 4 5 6
Side of Square (in cm)
[Link] ©2009 send your queries to enquiry@[Link]