ORBITER Space Shuttle Atlantis Operations Manual

op!right (c) 2000-2006 Martin Schweiger Or"iter home# or"it$me%ph!&$ucl$ac$u'( or www$or"iter&im$com 06 Septem"er 2006

Contents
1 2 2$1 2$2 2$) 2$, 2$. )$1 )$2 % ) .$1 .$2 .$) + INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................. 2 NOTES ON OPERATION................................................................................................ Shortcut 'e!& $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ ) *aunch $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ ) +oc'ing $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ ) -a!loa% "a! operation& $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ ) RMS manipulation an% grappling$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ . !IRTUA" COC#PIT ........................................................................................................ $ /a0igating the 1 $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 2 Operating the M3+& $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 2 CON&I'URATION .......................................................................................................... ( IMP"EMENTATION NOTES ......................................................................................... 1* Me&h-%eri0e% parameter& $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 10 SRB thru&t characteri&tic& $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 11 Or"iter aero%!namic characteri&tic& $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 12 CREDITS ....................................................................................................................... 1%

ORBITER Space Shuttle Implementation (c) 2001-2006 Martin Schweiger

Intro,uction

Space Shuttle 4tlanti& repre&ent& the onl! 5real6 &pacecra7t in the "a&ic Or"iter %i&tri"ution ("ut there are man! more a0aila"le a& a%%on&)$ It& 7light characteri&tic& are le&& 7orgi0ing than 7ictional mo%el& li'e the +elta-gli%er8 an% 9u&t reaching or"it i& a challenge$ The 4tlanti& or"iter 7eature& a wor'ing pa!loa% "a! with remote manipulator &!&tem (5 ana%arm6)8 &o !ou can &imulate the %eplo!ment or e0en recapture o7 &atellite&8 or the &hipment o7 re&upplie& to the International Space Station$ The mo%el now al&o 7eature& a 0irtual coc'pit8 with wor'ing M3+ in&trument& an% hea%-up %i&pla!$

ORBITER Space Shuttle Implementation (c) 2001-2006 Martin Schweiger

Notes

on

operation

Thi& &ection contain& &ome %etail& on launch8 %oc'ing an% pa!loa% operation& o7 the %e7ault 4tlanti& mo%el %i&tri"ute% with Or"iter$ To te&t the proce%ure& %e&cri"e% here in practice8 launch Or"iter an% tr! an! o7 the &cenario& in the Space Shuttle Atlantis 7ol%er$

2.1

Shortcut -e.s
:etti&on# &eparate SRB& or main tan' Operate cargo "a! %oor&$ (&hortcut ; 7or the 7ull proce%ure &ee Section 2$,) Operate lan%ing gear (acti0ate% onl! a7ter tan' &eparation) Operate &plit-ru%%er &pee% "ra'e$ +eplo!(retract <u-"an% antenna$ (&hortcut ; 7or the 7ull proce%ure &ee Section 2$,) =Space Open pa!loa% "a! an% RMS control %ialog&$

The 7ollowing 4tlanti&-&peci7ic 'e!"oar% &hortcut& are &upporte%#

2.2

"aunch

The %e7ault 4tlanti& %oe& not implement an autopilot or launch computer8 &o !ou nee% to a%r% 9u&t the a&cent to or"it manuall!$ (>ou can %ownloa% ) part! a%%on& which pro0i%e more reali&tic launch an% 7light operation mo%e&)$ ?ere i& a @uic' chec'li&t !ou can 7ollow to get 4tlanti& into or"it# 3ire main engine& at 100A$ SRB& are ignite% automaticall! when main engine& reach B.A$ SRB& are not controlle% manuall!$ Once ignite%8 the! cannot "e &hut o77$ +uring launch8 attitu%e i& controlle% 0ia SRB thru&t 0ectoring$ Roll &huttle 7or re@uire% hea%ing8 an% %ecrea&e pitch %uring a&cent 7or re@uire% or"it in&ertion$ SRB& &eparate automaticall! at T=2#06min$ In an emergenc!8 SRB& can "e 9etti&one% manuall! with $ 4&cent continue& with Or"iter main engine&$ Throttle %own a& re@uire% 7or )g maC acceleration$ Tan' &eparate& at T=D#.Dmin (alt 110'm) when empt!8 or manuall! with $ 47ter tan' &eparation8 or"iter &witche& to OMS (or"ital maneu0ering &!&tem) u&ing internal tan'&8 7or 7inal or"it in&ertion$ 4ttitu%e thru&ter& (R S ; reaction control &!&tem) are acti0ate%$ Enli'e the 7uturi&tic &pacecra7t %e&ign&8 4tlanti& pro0i%e& onl! a &mall margin o7 error 7or achie0ing or"it$ Tr! &ome o7 the other &hip& "e7ore attempting to launch the Shuttle$ *imite% 7uel must "e &electe%8 otherwi&e 4tlanti& i& too hea0! to reach or"itF

2.

Doc-in/
The or"iter carrie& a %oc'ing attachment in the cargo "a!$ Open cargo "a! %oor& "e7ore %oc'ing$ +oc'ing %irection i& in or"iterG& =! %irection (up)$ The +oc'ing M3+ mu&t "e interprete% accor%ingl!$

2.%

[Link], 0a. operations

The pa!loa% "a! operation& in the %e7ault 4tlanti& mo%el con&i&t o7

ORBITER Space Shuttle Implementation (c) 2001-2006 Martin Schweiger

opening an% clo&ing the pa!loa% "a! %oor& %eplo!ing an% retracting the 7orwar% ra%iator panel& %eplo!ing an% retracting the <u-"an% antenna operating the RMS arm 7or %eplo!ing an% &towing pa!loa% The "a! %oor8 ra%iator an% <u-"an% antenna operation clo&el! 7ollow& the real &huttle proce%ure&8 u&ing panel R1)*$ Thi& panel i& acce&&i"le 7rom the pa!loa% operator po&ition o7 the 1 ing 0iew&$ (0ia )$ 4lternati0el!8 a %ialog repre&entation o7 the panel i& a0aila"le "! pre&&-Space8 an% &electing Payload door operation$ The %ialog i& al&o a0aila"le in eCternal

Ba. Door Operation Ba! %oor opening &e@uence# Set the PL BAY DOOR &witch to STO-$ Set the PL BAY DOOR SYS 1 an% SYS 2 &witche& to E/4B*E$ Set the PL BAY DOOR &witch to O-E/$ Hait until the O-( * &tatu& o7 the tal'"ac' in%icator &how& O-$ Set the PL BAY DOOR &witch to STO-$ Set PL BAY DOOR SYS 1 an% SYS 2 &witche& to +IS4B*E$ Ba! %oor clo&ing &e@uence# Ma'e &ure that the ra%iator&8 <u-"an% antenna an% RMS arm are &towe%$ Set the PL BAY DOOR &witch to STO-$ Set the PL BAY DOOR SYS 1 an% SYS 2 &witche& to E/4B*E$ Set the PL BAY DOOR &witch to *OSE$ Hait until the O-( * &tatu& o7 the tal'"ac' in%icator &how& *$ Set the PL BAY DOOR &witch to STO-$ Set PL BAY DOOR SYS 1 an% SYS 2 &witche& to +IS4B*E$ Re7# Operation& Manual Sec$ 2$12$ Ra,iator Operation The Space Shuttle ha& 7our ra%iator& to %i&&ipate heat 7rom the coolant loop& - two on the in&i%e o7 each o7 the pa!loa% "a! %oor&$ The 7orwar% ra%iator panel& on each &i%e can "e %eplo!e% when the %oor& are openI the a7t panel& are 7iCe%$ The "a! %oor& an% ra%iator& are ORBITER Space Shuttle Implementation (c) 2001-2006 Martin Schweiger ,

operate% "! u&ing the &witche& on panel R1)*$ /ote that the &o7tware inter7ace 7or operating the %oor& i& not currentl! &imulate%$ Ra%iator %eplo!ment &e@uence# The pa!loa% "a! %oor& mu&t "e 7ull! open$ Set the PL BAY MEC P!R SYS 1 an% SYS 2 &witche& to O/$ Set the LA"C CO#"ROL SYS A an% SYS B &witche& to RE* (relea&e)$ 47ter )0 &econ%&8 &et "oth latch control &witche& "ac' to O33$ Set the RAD$A"OR CO#"ROL SYS A an% SYS B &witche& to +E-*O>$ 47ter .0 &econ%&8 &et "oth ra%iator control &witche& "ac' to O33$ Set "oth PL BAY MEC P!R &witche& "ac' to O33$ Ra%iator &towing &e@uence# Set the PL BAY MEC P!R SYS 1 an% SYS 2&witche& to O/$ Set the RAD$A"OR CO#"ROL SYS A an% SYS B &witche& to STOH$ 47ter .0 &econ%&8 &et "oth ra%iator control &witche& "ac' to O33$ Set the LA"C CO#"ROL SYS A an% SYS B &witche& to *4T ?$ 47ter )0 &econ%&8 &et "oth latch control &witche& "ac' to O33$ Set "oth PL BAY MEC P!R &witche& "ac' to O33$ Re7# Operation& Manual Sec$ 2$B$ #u1Ban, Antenna Operation The <u-"an% antenna i& carrie% on the &tar"oar% &ill longeron in&i%e the Or"iterJ& cargo "a! an% can "e %eplo!e% once the pa!loa% "a! %oor& are opene%$ The antenna i& u&e% 7or communication with groun% &tation&$ 4lternati0el!8 it can al&o "e u&e% a& a ra%ar &!&tem 7or trac'ing o"9ect& in &pace$ The control& 7or %eplo!ment an% &towage o7 the <u-"an% &!&tem are locate% on panel R1)*$ :etti&oning the a&&em"l!8 an% the actual 7unctionalit! o7 the <u"an% &!&tem are not currentl! implemente% in thi& 0er&ion$ <u-"an% %eplo!ment &e@uence# The pa!loa% "a! %oor& mu&t "e 7ull! open$ Set the%& A#"E##A &witch to +E-*O>$ The %eplo!ment proce%ure ta'e& approCimatel! 2) &econ%&$ Hhen the tal'"ac' in%icator &how& K+-*K8 &et the %& A#"E##A &witch "ac' to L/+$ <u-"an% &towing &e@uence# Set the %& A#"E##A &witch to STOH$ The &towing proce%ure ta'e& approCimatel! 2) &econ%&$ Hhen the tal'"ac' in%icator &how& KSTOK8 &et the %& A#"E##A &witch "ac' to L/+$ I7 the a&&em"l! %oe& not re&pon% to the normal &towing operation8 &et the %& A#"E##A D$REC" S"O! &witch to O/$ Thi& "!pa&&e& the normal &tow control &e@uence& an% cau&e& the a&&em"l! to "e %ri0en in&i%e the pa!loa% "a!$ Re7# Operation& Manual Sec$ 2$,$

2.)

RMS 2anipulation an, /rapplin/

The &huttle carrie& a mechanical manipulator arm in the cargo "a! which can "e u&e% 7or relea&ing an% recapturing &atellite&8 MME control8 etc$ The arm can "e u&e% in or"it once the cargo %oor& ha0e "een 7ull! opene%$ To "ring up the RMS control %ialog8 pre&& =Space$ The arm ha& three 9oint&# the &houl%er 9oint can "e rotate% in !aw an% pitch8 the el"ow 9oint can "e rotate% in pitch8 an% the wri&t 9oint can "e rotate% in pitch8 !aw an% roll$ To grapple a &atellite currentl! &towe% in the cargo "a!8 mo0e the RMS tip onto a grappling point8 an% pre&& 5Lrapple6$ I7 grappling wa& &ucce&&7ul8 the "utton la"el &witche& to 5Relea&e6$

ORBITER Space Shuttle Implementation (c) 2001-2006 Martin Schweiger

To ma'e it ea&ier to i%enti7! the grappling point& o7 &atellite&8 !ou can tic' the 5Show grapple point&6 "oC$ Thi& mar'& all grappling point& with 7la&hing arrow&$ To relea&e the &atellite8 pre&& 5Relea&e6$ >ou can al&o grapple 7reel! %ri7ting &atellite& i7 !ou mo0e the RMS tip onto a grappling point$ To return a &atellite "ac' to Earth8 it mu&t "e &towe% in the cargo "a!$ E&e the RMS arm to "ring the &atellite into it& correct po&ition in the pa!loa% "a!$ Hhen the -a!loa% 54rre&t6 "utton "ecome& acti0e8 the &atellite can "e 7iCe% in the "a! "! pre&&ing the "utton$ It i& automaticall! relea&e% 7rom the RMS tip$ The RMS arm can "e &towe% in it& tran&port po&ition "! pre&&ing the RMS 5Stow6 "utton$ Thi& i& onl! po&&i"le a& long a& no o"9ect i& attache% to the arm$ -a!loa% can "e relea&e% %irectl! 7rom the "a! "! pre&&ing the 5-urge6 "utton$

1iew into the pa!loa% "a! 7rom the pa!loa% operator po&ition$

ORBITER Space Shuttle Implementation (c) 2001-2006 Martin Schweiger

!irtual coc-pit
>ou can &witch "etween the generic gla&&-coc'pit 0iew an% the 0irtual coc'pit (1 ) with $ The 0irtual coc'pit put& !ou %irectl! on the 4tlanti& 7light %ec'8 &urroun%e% "! %i&pla! &creen& an% in&trument panel&$ urrentl!8 a &u"&et o7 the in&trument& i& acti0e8 inclu%ing 10 wor'ing M3+&8 an% panel R1)* in the rear o7 the 7light %ec'8 controlling the pa!loa% %oor operation&$ The 0irtual coc'pit 7rom the comman%erG& &eat$

.1

Na3i/atin/ the !C

There are three camera po&ition& a0aila"le# comman%er8 pilot8 an% pa!loa% operator$ B! %e7ault8 !ou are place% in the comman%er &eat8 "ut !ou can mo0e to a %i77erent po&ition "! pre&&ing &eat&8 while an% an arrow 'e!$ an% 9ump "etween the comman%er an% pilot &witche& to an% 7rom the pa!loa% operator po&ition$

"oo-in/ aroun, >ou can rotate the 0iew at each o7 the three po&ition& in %i77erent wa!&# "! pre&&ing an% a cur&or 'e! "! pre&&ing the right mou&e "utton an% %ragging the mou&e "! u&ing the %irection controller on the 9o!&tic'8 i7 a0aila"le "eanin/ 4or5ar, an, si,e5a.s >ou can al&o mo0e the hea% po&ition "! pre&&ing *eaning 7orwar% ( *eaning &i%ewa!& ( in com"ination with a cur&or 'e!$ ) in the comman%er an% pilot &eat will get !ou clo&er to the ?E+$ an% ) will pro0i%e "etter acce&& to the M3+ in&trupro0i%e& a 0iew out o7 the right pa!loa% "a! win"ring& the

ment& on the central panel8 or gi0e a "etter 0iew out o7 the win%ow&$ In the pa!loa% operator po&ition8 %ow8 In all po&ition&8 get& !ou clo&e to one o7 the top win%ow&8 an% return& to the %e7ault hea% po&ition$

pa!loa% %oor operation panel (R1)*) into 0iew$

.2
The 1

Operatin/ the M&Ds

pro0i%e& 10 multi7unctional %i&pla!& which can "e operate% in%epen%entl!# 2

ORBITER Space Shuttle Implementation (c) 2001-2006 Martin Schweiger

2 comman%er M3+& ( +R1 an% +R2)8 acce&&i"le 7rom the comman%er po&ition 2 pilot M3+& (-*T1 an% -*T2)8 acce&&i"le 7rom the pilot po&ition . M3+& on the central con&ole8 acce&&i"le 7rom comman%er an% pilot po&ition& 1 M3+ on the right rear panel8 acce&&i"le 7rom the pa!loa% operator po&ition

ORBITER Space Shuttle Implementation (c) 2001-2006 Martin Schweiger

+ue to the la!out o7 the Shuttle M3+ control &witche&8 the operation %i77er& &lightl! 7rom the generic Or"iter M3+ mo%e$ 4ll 10 M3+& wor' i%enticall!$ The control& con&i&t o7 a power "utton on the le7t8 a "rightne&& %ial on the right8 an% 6 7unction "utton& along the "ottom e%ge$ lic'ing the power "utton turn& the M3+ on an% o77$ lic'ing the le7t an% right hal7 o7 the "rightne&& "utton %ecrea&e& an% increa&e& the %i&pla! "rightne&&8 re&pecti0el!$ The le7t . 7unction "utton& pro0i%e mo%e-&peci7ic 7unction&$ The corre&pon%ing la"el& %i&pla!e% at the "ottom o7 the %i&pla! change accor%ingl!$ The right 7unction "utton (-L) ha& a dou'le 7unction# clic'ing "rie7l! page& through the 7unction "utton&8 i7 the current mo%e &upport& more than . 7unction&$ ?ol%ing %own the "utton 7or longer than one &econ% "ring& up the mo%e &election page8 with . entrie& per page$ >ou can u&e the 7unction "utton& to &elect one o7 the mo%e&$

M3+ %i&pla!

power

"rightne&&

7unction "utton&

page(mo%e "utton

ORBITER Space Shuttle Implementation (c) 2001-2006 Martin Schweiger

Con4i/uration

The Space Shuttle mo%el pro0i%e% with Or"iter contain& 0er! %etaile% me&he& an% teCture& o7 the eCterior an% 7light%ec' interior8 to pro0i%e the "e&t po&&i"le 0i&ual appearance$ On &ome ol%er computer& thi& ma! lea% to lo&& o7 per7ormance an% &low re&pon&e$ To a%%re&& thi& pro"lem8 Or"iter can "e con7igure% to u&e a le&& %etaile% 0i&ual mo%el# On the E(tra ta" o7 the Or"iter launchpa%8 %ou"le-clic' )essel con*i+uration8 then Atlantis Con*i+uration$

Set the "e(ture an% Mesh resolution &etting& to 5low6$ Thi& will put le&& loa% on the graphic& &!&tem o7 !our computer8 at the co&t o7 &ome 0i&ual %etail$

I2ple2entation

notes

Thi& &ection contain& %etail& o7 the implementation o7 the Space Shuttle (4tlanti&) 0e&&el cla&& implementation in ORBITER$ The mo%ule co%e i& a0aila"le in the &ample&N4tlanti& &u"%irector! o7 the S+<$ The p!&ical parameter& %i&cu&&e% here are the 0alue& u&e% "! ORBITER8 a& I collecte% them 7rom pu"lic &ource&8 an% ma! %e0iate 7rom the actual Space Shuttle characteri&tica$ It i& m! goal to mo%el the &huttle per7ormance a& clo&e to li7e a& po&&i"le8 &o i7 !ou ha0e correction& to parameter& or proce%ure&8 plea&e get in contact$

).1

Mesh1,eri3e, para2eters

The 7ollowing parameter& were %eri0e% %irectl! "! anal!&ing the me&he&# Or0iter *ength# Hing&pan# ?eight# 1olume# ro&&-&ection&# -MI #
" a

)B$16 m 2,$., m 1,$2B m ) 11)) m 2 2),$D m 2 )DB$1 m 2 6D$2 m 2 2D$2(D2$1(10$2 m

(pro9ection on !M-plane# &i%e-on) (pro9ection on CM-plane# top-%own) (pro9ection on C!-plane# hea%-on)

Tan*ength# +iameter# 1olume# ro&&-&ection&# -MI #

a

,2$D) m B$6D m ) 2D2B m 2 ,12$1 m 2 ,11$D m 2 22$2 m 2 1,.$6(1,.$6(10$. m ,.$2 m )$D m ) ,.2 m 2 162$1 m 2 162$1 m 2 26$6 m 2 1.,$)(1.,$)(1$D) m

(pro9ection on !M-plane# &i%e-on) (pro9ection on CM-plane# top-%own) (pro9ection on C!-plane# hea%-on)

SRB *ength# +iameter# 1olume# ro&&-&ection&# -MI #

a

(tu"e)

.$B m

(maC)

(pro9ection on !M-plane# &i%e-on) (pro9ection on CM-plane# top-%own) (pro9ection on C!-plane# hea%-on)

Or0iter6Tan- asse20l. *ength# .2$.. m 2,$,, m ?eight# ) )B62 m 1olume# 2 6,6$2 m ro&&-&ection&# 2 .B2$. m2 1,0$0 m a 2 -MI # 12)$)(161$0(2,$0 m

(pro9ection on !M-plane# &i%e-on) (pro9ection on CM-plane# top-%own) (pro9ection on C!-plane# hea%-on)

Or0iter6Tan-6SRBs 7launch asse20l.8 *ength# .2$B1 m ?eight# 2,$,, m ) ,D6D m 1olume# 2 6D2$, m ro&&-&ection&# (pro9ection on !M-plane# &i%e-on) 2 D,B$. m (pro9ection on CM-plane# top-%own) 2 1DB$, m (pro9ection on C!-plane# hea%-on) a 2 -MI # 12B$1(126$D(2B$) m a # principal moment& o7 intertia ten&or8 ma&&-normali&e%8 a&&uming homogeneou& %en&it! %i&tri"ution

ORBITER Space Shuttle Implementation (c) 2001-2006 Martin Schweiger

10

"

# inclu%ing Or"iter mount "rac'et&

).2

SRB thrust characteristics

2

The 7ollowing parameter& are u&e% 7or the &oli% roc'et "oo&ter& (per unit)# Thru&t at li7to77# 1$12B1D 10 / SRB &eparation# 126 & Height empt!# D2.,) 'g Height propellant# .02126 'g

a7ter li7to77

The 7ollowing (largel! 7ictional) piecewi&e linear 7unction& 7or thru&t rate an% propellant le0el a& a 7unction o7 "urn time are a&&ume% (li7to77 time tO0) Time P&Q Thru&t PAQ -ropellant PAQ -, 0 100 -1 100 BD$26D 10) 100 1)$)6. 11. D. ,$2.0 126 (&ep$) . 0$1D. 1). 0 0

100

D0 Q AP t & u r ht % ei & l ,0 a m r o n

li7to77 (tO0) 7ull thru&t (tO-1)

60

20

ignition (tO-,)

SRB &eparation (tO126)

0 0 20 ,0 60 D0 launch time P&Q 100 120 1,0

7ull thru&t (tO-1)

0$D g ni n a m e r t n a e o p pr ignition (tO-,) 0$6

0$, SRB &eparation (tO126) 0$2

0 0 20 ,0 60 D0 launch time P&Q 100 120 1,0

3rom thi& ta"le8 the 0alue %eri0e% 7or the 7uel-&peci7ic impul&e (IS-)8 i$e$ the amount o7 thru&t o"taine% 7rom "urning 1'g o7 propellant per &econ%8 i& IS- O 2D.B$2, m(& (at li7to77)

ORBITER Space Shuttle Implementation (c) 2001-2006 Martin Schweiger

11

The actual maCimum thru&t al&o %epen%& on the am"ient atmo&pheric pre&&ure$ He a&&ume that the 7ree&pace thru&t i& 1$2. time& the thru&t at (Earth) li7to778 with an eCponential pre&&ure relation&hip o7 the 7ollowing 7orm# 3 O 3 eCp (-p ) with O -1(p0 log (30(3 )

where p0 i& the pre&&ure at li7to77 altitu%e8 p i& the current pre&&ure8 an% 30 an% 3 are the li7to77 an% 7ree&pace thru&t rating&8 re&pecti0el!$
1$. C 10
2

3ree&pace thru&t 1$,

Q / P & u r ht 1$2 B R S C a M

1$) *i7to77 thru&t

1$1

0$B 0 . 10 atm$ pre&&ure P-aQ 1. 20 C 10

,

-ro"lem&# The thru&t cur0e %uring the "urnout &tage i& not "a&e% on an! %ata$ In particular the amount o7 thru&t pro%uce% at &eparation (tO126) i& not 'nown$ 4ccor%ing to &ource&8 the SRBG& re%uce thru&t "! 1() a7ter .0 & to 'eep acceleration within limit&$ Thi& i& not currentl! mo%elle%$ The pre&&ure-thru&t relation&hip i& a&&ume%8 not "ac'e% "! an! %ata$

).

Or0iter aero,.na2ic characteristics

The 4tlanti& or"iter u&e& the 7ollowing &u"&onic li7t an% moment coe77icient&# !ertical li4t co2ponent 9 5in/s an, 0o,.
. 0$6 , 0$, ) 0$2 2 c
*

C 10

-)

-0$2

-0$,

-1

-1.0

-100

-.0

0 .0 4O4 - alpha P%eg$Q

100

1.0

-2

-1.0

-100

-.0

0 .0 4O4 - alpha P%eg$Q

100

1.0

The li7t pro7ile utili&e& a %ocumente% li7t &lope o7 0$0,)2(%eg$ E0er!thing el&e i& rather a%-hoc$ In particular the moment coe77icient pro7ile nee%& more thought$ Other parameter&#

Rero-li7t %rag hor% length Re7erence area Hing a&pect ratio O&wal% e77icienc! 7actor

c+80 O 0$06 c O 20 m S O 220 m2 4 O 2$266 O 0$6

Thi& pro%uce& the 7ollowing %rag polar#

0$16 0$1, 0$12 0$1

+ 0$0D

0$06 0$0, 0$02 0

-0$,

-0$2

0 c
*

0$2

0$,

0$6

:ori;ontal li4t co2ponent 9 3ertical sta0iliser an, 0o,. *i7t coe77icient an% %rag polar 7or the horiMontal li7t component (pro%uce% "! the or"iter "o%! an% 0ertical &ta"ili&er) are gi0en "!#
0$2. 0$2 0$1. 0$0, 0$1 0$0. c
*

0$0. 0$0,.

0$0). 0$0)

-0$0. -0$1 -0$1. -0$2 -0$2.

0$02. 0$02 0$01. 0$01 0$00.

-1.0

-100

-.0

0 .0 4O4 - "eta P%eg$Q

100

1.0

-0$2. -0$2 -0$1. -0$1 -0$0.

0 c

0$0.

0$1

0$1.

0$2

0$2.

The horiMontal li7t pro7ile i& &!mmetric (&!mmetric air7oil)$ Other parameter&# Moment coe77icient cM O 0 Rero-li7t %rag c+80 O 0$02 hor% length c O 20 m Re7erence area S O .0 m2 Hing a&pect ratio 4 O 1$. O&wal% e77icienc! 7actor O 0$6 Spee, 0ra-e The &plit-ru%%er &pee% "ra'e i& acti0ate% with $ +eplo!ment time i& ,$B) &econ%&$ 4t 2 7ull eCtent8 the "ra'e will generate a &u"&onic %rag 7orce o7 .$0m q (q # 7ree&tream %!namic pre&&ure) in Or"iter$ It will al&o generate a pitch-up moment$

Cre,its

The 4tlanti& or"iter )-+ mo%el an% 0irtual coc'pit 7or the late&t 0er&ion o7 Or"iter ha& "een 'in%l! contri"ute% "! Michael Lro&"erg$ +on LallagherG& eCten&i0e wor' on the coc'pit interior8 inclu%ing high re&olution in&trument panel&8 &witche& an% "utton&8 wa& e&&ential to reali&e the wor'ing 0irtual coc'pit implementation$ +amir Lule&ich ha& pro0i%e% the mo%el& 7or the eCternal tan' (ET) an% &oli% roc'et "oo&ter& (SRB)$ Ro"ert onle!G& co%e pro0i%e% the "a&i& 7or the RMS operation8 an% he al&o contri"ute% the MME eCten&ion&$ +ougla& Beach! contri"ute% to the 0irtual coc'pit co%e$ 4n% not lea&t I woul% li'e to than' the "eta team 7or their 0alua"le 7ee%"ac' %uring the %e0elopment o7 the mo%el an% co%e$