Chapter 8 Delivery of cargo (Discharging)

1. On arrival in the port of discharge necessary arrangements are made for discharging the cargo. In the majority of cases, the agent entrusts the discharging of goods to some stevedoring company or wharfingers. This company usually undertakes to discharge the cargo into their own warehouses and then to deliver this cargo to the respective consignees. In other cases, the agent arranges with the consignees a direct delivery of goods alongside the ship. In both cases the Chief Mate is under duty to make out notices of readiness and to hand them over to the agent. The agent, in his turn, hands in these notices to the consignees. s a rule the cargo is delivered against original bills of lading and on payment of freight. The receiver of the goods is to sign his name on the bill of lading to the effect that full cargo under the bill has been received to his entire satisfaction. !uch an endorsement is called "clean receipt#. bill of lading is a negotiable document and it is often sold and resold before it is presented to the master at the port of discharge. !o, when a bill of lading is presented to the master he must see that it has been properly endorsed by the consignee and by each of the holders, if the bill of lading has changed hands. $sually the ship%s agent is charged with the legal formalities. &e negotiates with the consignees or the holders of the '() and introduces to the master the right and legitimate person who must take the delivery of goods. The agent also secures clean receipts for the goods delivered. !ometimes the goods are delivered in small separate lots against the consignees% receipts. *ith the final lot all these receipt are e+changed for a duly signed and endorsed bill of lading. ,ery often the agent places his signature and seal on the bill of lading, which serves as a proof that the goods have been delivered to the right persons. ccording to the contract the agent is bound to collect from the receivers of goods the freight and other charges due to the shipowners. The amount of freight is usually in the bill of lading. 'esides, the agent usually gets direct instructions from the shipping company as to what amount of money he should collect in connection with a definite shipment. The master of the ship may deliver the goods only after he has ascertained that the freight and other charges, if any, have been paid. The fact that the money has been paid must be efficiently confirmed by the agent. &e usually does this by giving the captain either a formal written notice or by arranging with the captain that he will visa each '() the money under which has been duly collected. In case of non-payment of freight and of other charges due to the ship the master may e+recise a lien upon the goods and the agent renders him assistance in this connection. In case of shartage of goods or any claims or disputes on the part of consignees the agent is to arrange immediate checking of the cargo in order to protect the interests of the vessel. If the shortage or defects of goods are found on discharging, an appropriate statement of facts should be drawn up. This statement is usually signed by the master, by the agent and sometimes by the customs house officer or a surveyor. [Link] FIRST !T"# *e are ready to start discharging &old .o./. *e%ll begin with the consignment of 0111 bales of cotton under '() [Link] cargo is consigned to Messrs. 5ijon 6 Co., Te+tiles Manufacturers. *ho will take delivery for this cargo7 !$"%T# *e%ve arranged with the stevedoring company that they%ll take delivery of the goods. The boss stevedore will arrange the tally of goods. *hen the goods are tallied and received he will give you clean receipts. )ater on I will e+change these receipts for a duly signed '().

FIRST !T"# &ave you collected freight under this '()7 !$"%T# Certainly, I have. &ere is an official notice to this effect. FIRST !T"# 8ood. )et me have that notice. In the same hold there is a consignment of 911 cases of electric refrigerators under '() .o, 234:. These refrigerators are consigned to the )ebanese Trading Corporation via your port. To whom shall we deliver this lot7 !$"%T# This lot is to be delivered to the local Transport Company who have a legal power of attorney from the )ebanese Trading Corporation. They have already paid the freight and other charges due under this '(). I%ll bring their representative tomorrow morning and he is to give you clean receipts for the goods received. *hen discharging has been completed I%ll deliver you a duly endorsed and accomplished '(). FIRST !T"# I want their representative to make out clean receipts for each draft because this is rather a valuable cargo. Can you arrange that7 !$"%T# Of course, I shall arrange that. 2.2. Dialogue !$"%T# This last consignment of gas tube fittings was two cases short. FIRST !T"; *hat%s the number of that '()7 !$"%T# .o.4<32 for 211 cases of gas tube fittings. s a matter of fact, we got ashore only 0=4 cases. Our tallies agree. *hat%s the matter with that '()7 FIRST !T"# I suppose you didn%t pay attention to the remark on the '() that two cases were in dispute. !$"%T# *hy, I did, but I thought they meant two e+tra cases over 211. They ought to have stated;#0=4 cases plus 0 cases in dispute# FIRST !T"; >es, that%s what they ought to have done, but overlooked it. nyhow, we have to draw up a statement of shortage. !tate that two cases are short-landed. !$"%T# >es, that%s what we have to do. 2.&.Dialogue !$"%T# I%m sorry, but we cannot give you clean receipts for these steel billets. FIRST !T"# *hy, what%s the matter7 &ave you any claims as to the shortage of these goods7 !$"%T# .o, we have no claims whatsoever as to the ?uantity. 'ut we object to the state of the goods. Many billets have become rusty. FIRST !T"# but we have nothing to do with this. There is a clause inserted in the '() ;#*eight, ?uantity 6 condition unknown. !hipper%s responsibility.# This clause relieves us of any liability. !$"%T# Then we%ll give you clean receipts, but we must call in e+perts and draw a special statement of facts. FIRST !T"# That%s your legal right. *e cannot object to that. 'ut we firstly refuse to bear any responsibility as we have delivered you the goods in the same conditions as shipped and, as I have said, the state of goods was stipulated as unknown to us. 2.'. Dialogue C!(T!I%# 5o you represent Messrs. *hite 6 CO7 C!R$) S*("RI%T"%D"%T# >es, !ir. I am Cargo !uperintendent of the firm. My name is @eterson. &ere is my power of attorney. 5id you get my radiogram to heat the cargo7 C!(T!I%# >es, we got it in time and by now the mean temperature is about 41AB. C!R$) S*("RI%T"%D"%T# Oh, that%s very good. It will greatly e+pedite discharging. *hat%s your ship%s draft7

C!(T!I%# !he draws 4.< m aft and 4.2m fore. C!R$) S*("RI%T"%D"%T# &ave you prepared notices of readiness7 C!(T!I%# >es, we have, &ere they are. @lease sign your name and state the time they are accepted. *e are ready to discharge from /3.11 hours today. C!R$) S*("RI%T"%D"%T# it%s eleven now. !o the lay hours will count e+actly from /3.11 hours. Can you hand me over the shipping documents sent to us by ship%s mail7 C!(T!I%# Certainly, here they are. @lease sign this receipt. C!R$) S*("RI%T"%D"%T# can we start taking measurements and samples7 C!(T!I%# >es, of course. I%ve already arranged everything with our ship%s agent, [Link]. &e is on deck now, *e are only waiting for the inspector from the customs house. &e will be here soon. C!R$) S*("RI%T"%D"%T# have the hatch covers and ullage holds been opened7 C!(T!I%# yes, everything is made ready to take measurements. C!R$) S*("RI%T"%D"%T# &ave you got standard gauging e?uipment aboard7 C!(T!I%#>es, we have normal taps and thermometers. I think you may now go on deck. I am informed that the customs house officers have just come and they are waiting for you. C!R$) S*("RI%T"%D"%T# ll right, thank you. !ee you later. 2.+.Dialogue C!R$) S*("RI%T"%D"%T# D+cuse me, captain. !oon you%ll complete pumping out centre tanks .os.3 and 4. I would like to ask you not to drain them and leave about a metre layer of oil below. C!(T!I%# *hat do you need that for7 C!R$) S*("RI%T"%D"%T# >ou see, after we pump out the bulk of the cargo into shore tanks we%ll bring a barge alongside to collect drains. C!(T!I%# ll right. I%ll tell second mate to see to that. Only keep in mind, we won%t take into account any additional samples which you take from the barge. C!R$) S*("RI%T"%D"%T; .o, certainly not. The samples which we had taken jointly with you before discharging will serve as characteristics of the whole lot. If you like I can confirm that by an official letter. C!(T!I%# >es, will you kindly do that for sake of order7 2.,. Dialogue C!R$) S*("RI%T"%D"%T# s soon as stripping of the tanks is completed, we%ll inspect the tanks and make out a certificate of tank inspection. C!(T!I%# ,ery well. 5o you want any other arrangements to be made7 C!R$) S*("RI%T"%D"%T# >es, certainly. Birst of all I would kindly ask you, captain, to have the pipelines pressed with the ship%s pumps as soon as discharging is completed. C!(T!I%# That we can easily do, of course, but to avoid any claims for water contamination of the cargo in the shore tanks I should like you to give us a written order to that effect. C!R$) S*("RI%T"%D"%T# O.E. I%ll give you such a notice if you like. !o, it%s settled then. .ow we must have /011 tins of cargo discharged into a barge. Tomorrow morning we%ll bring a barge alongside and I would ask you to make arrangements for discharging all into that barge. &.-)C!.*/!R0 !%D "1(R"SSI)%S &.1. to entrust F a incredinta negotiable F negociabil to be satisfied with F a fi satisfacut de to endorse F

holder F detinator to negotiate F a nogocia, a duce tratative to e+change F a schimba, a face schimb seal F sigiliu proof F dovada, proba to be bound F a fi obligat to collect F a stringe amount F suma, cantitate to state F a declara, a stabili to ascertain F a constata, a stabili, a preciGa charges F ta+e, sume datorate to confirm F a confirma claim F reclamatie, pretentie statement of facts F raport oficial to draw up F a intocmi to consign F a e+pedia according to F conform cu, potrivit cu to overlook F a emite, a trece cu vederea to resume F a relua to suppose F a presupune rusty F ruginit to refuse F a refuGa to stipulate F a stipula unknown F necunoscut mean F mediu lay days HhoursI F stalii ullage F ulaj ullage tables F table de ulaj to compute F a calcula to drain HtanksI F a evacua tape F banda, rulata Hde masuratI certificate of ?uality F certificat de calitate certificate of inspectionF certificat de inspectie &.2. the bill of lading has changed hands F conosamentul a trecut din mina in mina to e+ercise a lien upon the cargo F a e+ercita dreptul de gaj asupra marfii to take delivery of the cargo F a receptiona marfa two bags were short F lipsa de doi saci to relieve of liability F a fi eliberat de raspundere to bear responsibility F a purta raspunderea to thieve the tank F a lua probe de apa de la fundul mari to strip the tank F a evacua tancul complet outage measurements F masuratoare, sondaje la nivelul stratului de lichid.

'. $ra22ar. Con3itionals# Intro3uction '.1. *e can use if with many different structures. &ere are the most common; '.1.1.)pen present or future con3itionals If 4 present si2ple 4 5ill 4 infinitive If he as6s me, I%ll help him.H@erhaps he will ask meI '.1.2. *nreal present or future con3itionals If 4 past si2ple 4 5oul3 4 infinitive If he as6e3 me I 5oul3 help him.H but he won%t ask me, or he probably won%tI '.1.&. *nreal past con3itionals If 4 past perfect 4 5oul3 have 4 past participle If he ha3 as6e3 me, I 5oul3 have helpe3 him. H'ut he didn%t ask meI '.1.'. $eneral con3itionals If 4 present si2ple 4 present si2ple If he as6s me, I always help [Link]*henever he asks meJI '.2. n if-clause can go at the beginning or the end of a sentence. If it rains7 I%ll stay at home. I%ll stay at home if it rains. *e often write a comma H,I after the if-clause when we begin with this clause. '.&. *e can use conditional clauses without if. *nless 5e hurry7 we%ll be late. Suppose you won a lot of money, what would you do7 '.'. )pen present or future con3itionals '.'.1. .asic for2 IF8C/!*S" !I% C/!*S" If I go out I9ll :uy a newspaper. If you 3on9t stu3y you 5on9t pass your e+am. If they offer you the job, what 5ill you 3o; '.'.2. *se *e use this structure when there is a possibility that the situation in the if-clause will happen in the future. If I go out, I%ll :uy a newspaper. H@erhaps I will buy a newspaper, perhaps I won%tI If we have enough time, we%ll visit Kobert. H@erhaps we will have enough time, perhaps we won%tI *e also use this structure when there is a possibility that the situation in the if-clause is true in the present. If you%re hungry, I%ll 2a6e you something to eat. H@erhaps you are hungry, perhaps you aren%tI. '.'.&. )ther for2s '.'.&.1. *e can also use shall instead of will with I and we in the main clause. If I fail the e+am, I shall take it again. '.'.&.2. In this structure, we can use a modal verb e.g. can, may instead of will in the main clause. '.'.&.&. *e can also use the imperative in the main clause. If you see Maria, give her a message for me, please. '.'.&.'. *e can use the present perfect or present continuous instead of the present simple in the if-clause. If you have finishe3 the letter, I%ll post it for you. I%ll come back later if you%re 5or6ing now.

'.'.&.+. *e can also use should after if when we are less sure about a [Link]; If I see aria7 I%ll give her your message. H@erhaps I will see MariaI If I shoul3 see aria7 I%ll give her your message.H I am less sure that I will see Maria.I *e can also begin with should when we are less sure. Shoul3 I see Maria, I%ll give her your message, '.+. *nreal present or future con3itionals '.+.1. .asic for2 IF8C/!*S" !I% C/!*S" If I ha3 a lot of money, I93 travel round the world If he got up earlier he 5oul3n9t :e late for work. If you 3i3n9t pass the e+am, 5oul3 you ta6e it again7 '.+.2. *se *e use this structure to talk about unreal present or future situations. If I ha3 a lot of money, I%3 travel round the world. H'ut I don%t have a lot of moneyI If I 3i3n9t feel so tired, I%3 co2e out with you. H'ut I feel very tiredI If the weather 5as nice, I%3 go to the beach. H 'ut the weather is not nice.I *e also use sentences like these to talk about unlikely present or future situations. If she really love3 you, she 5oul3n9t :e so horrible to you. If I 5on a lot of money, I%3 ta6e a long holiday. The past form e.g. had, loved does not have a past meaning in sentences like these; it has a hypothetical present or future meaning. '.+.&. )ther for2s '.+.&.1. *e often use were instead of was after if, especially in a more formal style. If the weather 5ere nice, I%d go to the beach. I%d come out for a walk with you if I 5eren9t so busy. *e often use if I were you to give advice. If I 5ere you7 I%d apply for a job. '.+.&.2. *e can use the modal verbs might or could instead of would in the main clause. If I won a lot of money, I 2ight stop working. HFJI would perhaps stop working.I I coul3 repair the car, if I had the right tools. HF I would be able to repair the carJI '.,. *nreal past con3itionals '.,.1. .asic for2 IF8C/!*S" If the weather ha3 :een nice yesterday If I ha3 stu3ie3 hard, If you ha3n9t 2isse3 your bus, If I ha3n9t helpe3 you !I% C/!*S" I 5oul3 have gone to the beach I 5oul3 have passe3 the e+am. you 5oul3n9t have :een late for school. what 5oul3 you have 3one;

'.,.2. *se *e use this structure to talk about unreal past situations.

If the weather ha3 :een nice yesterday, I 5oul3 have gone to the beach. H'ut the weather was not nice.I If I93 stu3ie3 hard, I 5oul3 have passe3 the e+am.H'ut I did not study hardI If you ha3n9t 2isse3 your bus, you 5oul3n9t have :een late for school.H'ut you missed your bus.I '.,.&.)ther for2s *e can use the modal verbs might and could instead of would in the main clause. If you had taken the e+am, you might have passed [Link]..you would perhaps have passed it.I I coul3 have repaired the car, if I%d had the right tools. HFJI would have been able to repair the carJI '.<. Con3itional clauses 5ithout if '.<.1. *nless *e can use unless to mean LIfJnot.% *nless you put on some suncream, you%ll get sunburnt. HF If you do not put on some suncreamJI I won%t go to the party unless you go too. HFJif you do not go too.I *e often use unless in threats e.g. *nless you stop making that noise, I%ll screamM warnings e.g. >ou%ll be hungry later unless you eat now. Compare if and unless If you eat now, you won%t be hungry later. *nless you eat now, you%ll be hungry later. I%ll go to the party if you go too. I won%t go to the party unless you go too. '.<.2. !s=So long as7 provi3e3=provi3ing (that) *e use As/So long as, provided/providing (that) to mean Lif but only if%. >ou can borrow my camera as long as you%re careful with it. HFJif but only if you%re careful with it.I I%ll go to the party provi3e3 you go too. HFJif but only if you go too.I '.<.&. And an3 or(else) '.<.&.1. *e sometimes use and to join two ideas instead of using an if-clause. !tay in bed for a few days an3 you%ll be fine.H FIf you stay in bed for a few days, you%ll be fine.I '.<.&.2.*e can use or HelseI to mean Lif not% or Lotherwise%. 5on%t try to lift that bo+ or (else) you%ll hurt [Link] you try to lift that bo+, you%ll hurt yourself.I '.<.'. Shoul3 *e can use should instead of if when we are less sure about a possibility. Compare; If we have enough time, we%ll visit Kobert.H@erhaps we will have enough time.I Shoul3 we have enough time, we%ll visit Kobert.H I am less sure that we will have enough time.I *e can also use shoul3 after if with this meaning e.g. If we shoul3 have enough time, we%ll visit Kobert. nd

'.<..+. Suppose=Supposing *e can also use suppose or supposing instead of if, especially in unreal conditions. Suppose=Supposing you won a lot of money, what would you do7 +. $ra22ar (ractice 1. (ut the ver:s into the correct for2# will/wont or the present si2ple. !re these things true; ">a2ple# If 5e keep on (6eep on) using 2ore an3 2ore cars7 5e9ll run out (run out) of oil. 1. 2. &. '. +. ,. If weJHrun outI of oil, weJHneedI other kinds of energy. @ollutionJHincreaseI if weJHuseI more oil and coal. If pollutionJHincreaseI, more and more treesJHdieI The climateJHchangeI if more treesJHdieI If weJHtryI to control pollution, itJHbeI very e+pensive. If weJHnot controlI pollution soon, itJHbeI too lateM

2. Co2plete the sentences using the 5or3s in the :o>. ">a2ple# If I 3on9t leave no57 I might be late. ?ave finishe3 can lane 2ight :e shoul3 nee3 are feeling 2ay go shoul3 phone 1. 2. &. '. +. ,. If you need any more money IJyou some. >ou can go now if youJ. If the weather is fine tomorrow, weJfor a picnic. Cust ask me if [Link] help. If anyoneJfor me while I am out, tell them I%ll be back at : o%clock. 8o to bed now if youJtired. Do76no5 Enow,tell Move, call 5o, know Enow, not(try Kun, see

&. Co2plete the sentences ">a2ple# @hat would this 5o2an do if she knew the :oy 5as there; 1. If sheJhe was there, sheJhim to go away. 2. !heJher purse and perhaps sheJpolice. &. *hatJthe boyJif heJthe two policemen were nearby7 '. If heJ, heJto take the woman%s purse. +. @erhaps heJaway if heJthem. '. Fin3 the en3ings. (ut the ver:s into the correct for2. ">a2ple# 1. I93 give up 5or6 if I 5ere a 2illionaire. 1. I%d give up work 2. *e%ll go for a picnic &. If I took more e+ercise '. I%ll watch T, tonight. +. I%d be better looking ,. If people weren%t so greedy, <. If I can get a ticket

if itJHbeI a nice day tomorrow. if IJHnot(haveI such a big nose. the worldJHbeI a better place. IJHgoI to the concert ne+t week, if IJHbeI a millionaire. if IJHnot(goIout. IJHnot(beI so unfit.

+. (ut the ver:s into the correct for2# the past perfect7 or would(nt) have + past participle. ">a2ple# She 5oul3 have spo6en to you if she had seen (see) you. 1. 2. &. '. If IJHnot(beI so busy yesterday, I would have visited you. If you had seen the film, youJHenjoyI it. !he would have gone to university if sheJHhaveI the opportunity. If he had been more careful, heJHnot(haveI an accident.

,. Aoin each i3ea in ! 5ith the 2ost suita:le i3ea fro2 .. ">a2ple# 1. If I get a hea3ache7 I usually ta6e so2e aspirin. ! 1. If I get a headache, 2. I feel terrible, &. If I drink too much coffee, '. If flowers don%t get any water, +. >ou put on weight . they die it makes me feel nervous if you don%t get enough e+ercise I usually take some aspirin if I don%t get 4 hours% sleep a night

<. Rephrase the sentences using unless. ">a2ple# If 5e 3on9t leave no57 5e9ll 2iss the start of the fil2. Unless 5e leave no57 5e9ll 2iss the start of the fil2. 1. 2. &. '. +. ,. If you don%t wear your coat, you%ll be cold. I%ll phone you, if you don%t phone me first. &e won%t receive the letter tomorrow if you don%t post it before / o%clock today. I won%t go to school tomorrow if I don%t feel better. I can%t write to you if you don%t give me your address. >our cough won%t get better if you don%t stop smoking.

8. Choose the correct 5or3 or e>pression. ">a2ple# @e9ll have a picnic to2orro5 unless/provided it rains. 1. $nless(@rovided you tell me the truth, everything will be all right. 2. In 'ritain you can marry at the age of si+teen unless(provided you have your parents% permission. &. &e won%t forgive you unless(as long as you say you%re sorry. '. $nless(providing you land me the money, I won%t be able to go on holiday. +. I%ll buy the car unless(as long as it%s not too e+pensive. B. Rea3 the sentences. a6e a ne5 sentence 5ith the sa2e 2eaning using the 5or3(s) in :rac6ets. ">a2ple# If you 3on9t len3 2e your 2ap7 I9ll get lost. (or) /en3 2e your 2ap or I9ll get lost. If you 3o as I say7 everything 5ill :e all right. (an3) Do as I say an3 everything 5ill :e all right. 1. If you don%t stop making that noise, I%ll hit you. HorI 2. If you take this umbrella, you won%t get wet. HandI &. If you don%t drive more carefully, you%ll have an accident. Hor elseI

'. If you help me, I%ll help you. HandI 1C. Co2plete the sentences using shoul3 I=he=she an3 the ver: in the :o>. ">a2ple# I thin6 I9ll arrive at the 2eeting on ti2e7 :ut should I be late7 please start 5ithout 2e. iss change :e nee3 fail 1. 2. &. '. I think I%ve got enough money, butJany more, I%ll borrow some. I%m sure he%ll pass the e+am, butJhe can always take it again. I don%t think I%ll go to the party, butJmy mind I%ll let you know. !he e+pects to catch the last bus, butJit, she%ll tale a ta+i.

11. Aoin each i3ea in ! 5ith the 2ost suita:le i3ea fro2 .. a6e sentences :eginning Suppose/Supposing. ">a2ple# 1. Suppose=Supposing I 2ove3 to Scotlan37 5oul3 you co2e an3 visit 2e; ! 1. I moved to !cotland 2. someone finds my wallet &. they had stayed at our house '. they had offered you the job +. you had won the competition . would you have taken it7 what would the priGe have been7 do you think they will take it to the police7 would you come and visit me( where would they have slept7

12. Co2plete the sentences using the correct for2 of the ver:s in :rac6ets# the present si2ple7 past si2ple7 past perfect7 will/wontwould(nt)or would(nt) have.. ">a2ples# y father 5oul3 have 3ie3 if the 3octors hadnt operated (not=operate) on hi2 straight a5ay. Don9t 5orry a:out getting ho2e. If you miss (2iss) the last :us7 I9ll give you a lift in 2y car. y frien3 would get (get) :etter 2ar6s at school if she 3i3 2ore ho2e5or6. If she 3oesn9t have 2uch ti2e7 she nor2ally has (have) a san35ich for lunch. 1. 2. &. '. +. ,. <. 8. B. 1C. 11. 12. 1&. 1'. 1+. IJHwearI some warm clothes today, if I were you. It%s ?uite cold outside. >ouJHnot(haveI the accident if you%d been more careful. If IJHhaveI enough money, I%d buy a new one. If youJHwaitI for a few minutes, I%ll come into town with you. I would have told you if IJHknowI. @eopleJHlikeI Kobert more if he didn%t always talk about himself. IJHspeakI to my boss about my holidays today if I get the chance. If heJHmakeI a promise, he always keeps it. I%d go to the cinema more often if itJHnot(beI so e+pensive. IJHnot(leaveI my last job if the wages had been better. &e alwaysJHgetI angry if you talk to him about politics. If you go out without a coat, youJHcatchI a cold. If youJHask1 me, I would have helped you. *hatJHyou(doI if you saw someone drowning in the sea7 I%ll go out this evening if IJHnot(beI too busy.

,.$ra22ar (ractice8!ns5er86ey . [Link] out7 Dll nee3E 2. @ill increase7 useE &. Increases7 5ill 3ieE '. @ill change7 3ieE +. Try7 5ill :eE ,. Don9t control7 5ill :e !. 1. can len3E 2. ?ave finishe3E &. ay goE '. Shoul3 nee3E +. Shoul3 phoneE ,. !re feeling

". 1. 6ne57 5oul3 tellE 2. @oul3 2ove7 5oul3 callE &. @oul37 3o7 6ne5E '. Fne57 5oul3n9t tryE +. @oul3 run7 sa5. #. 1.I93 give up 5or6 if I 5ere a 2illionaireE 2. @e9ll go for a picnic if it9s a nice 3ayE &. If I too6 2ore e>ercise7 I 5oul3n9t :e so unfitE '. I9ll 5atch T- tonight if I 3on9t go outE +. I93 :e :etter8loo6ing if I 3i3n9t have such a :ig noseE ,. If people 5eren9t so gree3y7 the 5orl3 5oul3 :e a :etter placeE <.If I can get a tic6et7 I9ll go the concert ne>t 5ee6. $. 1.ha3n9t :eenE 2. @oul3 have enGoye3E &. ?a3 ha3E '. @oul3n9t have ha3. ,. [Link] I get a hea3ache7 I usually ta6e so2e aspirinE 2. I feel terri:le if I 3on9t get 8 hours9 sleep a nightE &. If I 3rin6 too 2uch coffee7 it 2a6es 2e feel nervousE '. If flo5ers 3on9t get any 5ater7 they 3ieE +. 0ou put on 5eight if you 3on9t get enough e>ercise. %. 1.*nless you 5ear your coat7 you9ll :e col3E 2. I9ll phone you unless you phone 2e firstE &. ?e 5on9t receive the letter to2orro5 unless you post it :efore 1 o9cloc6 to3ayE '. I 5on9t go to school to2orro5 unless I feel :etterE +. I can9t 5rite to you unless you give 2e your a33ressE ,. 0our cough 5on9t get :etter unless you stop s2o6ing. &. 1. provi3e3E 2. provi3ingE &. unlessE '. *nlessE +. !s long as '. 1. Stop 2a6ing that noise or I9ll hit youE 2. Ta6e this u2:rella an3 you 5on9t get 5etE &. Drive 2ore carefully or else you9ll have an acci3entE '. ?elp 2e an3 I9ll help you. (. 1. shoul3 I nee3E 2. shoul3 he failE &. shoul3 I changeE '. shoul3 she 2iss . [Link]=Supposing I 2ove3 to Scotlan37 5oul3 you co2e an3 visit 2e;E 2. Suppose=Supposing so2eone fin3s 2y 5allet7 3o you thin6 they 5ill ta6e it to the police;&. Suppose=Supposing they ha3 staye3 at our house7 5here 5oul3 they have slept;E '.Suppose=Supposing they ha3 offere3 you the Go:7 5oul3 you have ta6en it;E +. Suppose=Supposing you ha3 5on the co2petition7 5hat 5oul3 the priHe have :een;

!. 1. 5oul3 5earE 2. @oul3n9t have ha3E &. ?a3E '. @aitE +. ?a3 6no5nE ,. @oul3 li6eE <. Dll spea6E 8. a6esE B. @eren9t=5asn9tE 1C. @oul3n9t have leftE 11. $etsE 12. Dll catchE 1&. ?a3 as6e3E 1'. @oul3 you 3oE 1+. D2 not.