INPUT DEVICES

The input unit is formed by the input devices attached to the computer. Ex - Keyboard, Microphone etc. An input unit takes the input & converts it into binary form so that it can be understood by the computer. KEYBOARD
This is most commonly used device which acts as input device. Its structure is like [Link] contains no. of keys which have some specific ASCII values. Like A has ASCII value 65. When this is pressed , it is converted into 65 & this 65 is sent to CPU in the form of Binary language (i.e. 1000001). Then operations are done on this data.

MOUSE
This is a pointing device which contains a roller in its base. When the mouse is moved on any surface, the pointer on the screen is also moved. It contains a potentiometer coupled with the roller. This potentiometer senses the motion of mouse & convert it into digital value. A mouse may contain two or three buttons. Now a day's optical mouse are very popular.

BAR CODE READER

It is a device which is used to read the code from the products which are usually in the form of Bars. It contains a light sensitive detector which identifies the values of the bars on the product & converts them into numeric code. These Bar readers are used in Shopping malls in a very large scale.

DIGITAL CAMERA
As the name specifies, these camera stores the data digitally, which then can be stored in the computer & can be stored for a long time. But it has very limited storage capacity. These are very popular because of less expensive photographs & Speed.

LIGHT PEN
It is a pointing device which contains a photocell mounted at its tip. It senses the light from the screen when it becomes closer to the screen, & generates a pulse. So for identifying a particular location on the screen these light pens are very useful. But this is not in very much use these days.

SCANNER
The scanner is an input device like the photocopier machine which makes the electronic copy of the picture or document which can be further edited.

MIC's or MICROPHONES
The scanner is an input device like the photocopier machine which makes the electronic copy of the picture or document which can be further edited.

OUTPUT DEVICES

The devices which are used to display the data to the user either in the form of hard copy or soft copy are called output devices.

SPEAKERS
Speakers receive the sound in the form of electric current from the sound card & convert it to sound format. These are used for listening music, chatting , seminars for presentations etc.

VDU (Visual Display Unit)

This is also called monitor. It is used to get the data in the form of soft copy. Their functioning is exactly similar to the television. It contains a CRT which emits the electrons to trace a regular pattern of horizontal lines on the screen.

PRINTER
These devices gives the hard copy of the output. These are in different types.

Impact - Have mechanical contact in between paper & printing head Non Impact - No mechanical contact between paper & printing head

IMPACT :

Line Printers - print line wise (E.g. Drum Printer) Character Printer - print character wise (E.g. Daisy Printer) NON IMPACT Electromagnet Printers Thermal Printers Electrostatic Printers Inkjet Printers Laser Printers

LCD (Liquid Crystal Display)

These screens are used in laptops & notebook sized PCs. A special type of liquid is sandwiched between two plates. The top plate is clear & bottom plate is reflective. The molecules in these liquids are normally aligned & the computer signals are used to align these molecules.

DAISY PRINTER

CPU
Central Processing Unit
(The Brain of Computer)
The CPU is the control center for a computer. It guides, directs & governs its performance. It is the brain of the computer.

CPU CONTAINS :
1. Arithmetic & Logical Unit 2. Control Unit

ARITHMETIC & LOGICAL UNIT

An Arithmetic and Logical Unit (ALU) is a digital circuit that performs arithmetic and logical operations. The ALU is a fundamental building block of the central processing unit (CPU) of a computer. ALU is a combination of Arithmetic Unit & Logical Unit.

ARITHMETIC UNIT
Arithmetic Unit performs all the arithmetic operations like addition , subtraction , multiplication & division performed on the operands. For example : a+b a-b a*B a/b

CONTROL UNIT
Control Unit is most important part which controls all the internal as well as external functions in the computer.

THE MAIN FUNCTIONS PERFORMED BY THE CONTROL UNIT ARE :

1. It controls & guides the interpretation , flow information. & manipulation of all data &

2. It sends control signals until the required operations are done properly by ALU & memory. 3. It gets program instructions from memory & executes them one after another. 4. It controls the flow of data from input device to memory & from memory to output devices.

CPU HARDWARE

LEARNING SPIRIT

The advantages of using a computerized accounting software. [Articles home]

Let me start this article by saying I am a qualified accountant who has taught accounting at a variety of levels for over 18 years. I have also worked extensively as a business consultant for small and medium size enterprises. I am continually amazed when I come across a business either not using a computerized accounting package or using spread sheets to do their accounts. Therefore I decided to write a short article on the benefits of using a computerized accounting package. The package I use for our small to medium business is MYOB (Mind Your Own Business) accounting software. Small and medium sized businesses can now buy off the shelf accounting programs at remarkably low cost. Larger businesses will often have customized programs made for their business. The accounting programs carry out functions such as invoicing, dealing with payments, paying wages and providing regular accounting reports such as trading and profit and loss accounts and balance sheets. The introduction of computerized accounting systems provide major advantages such as speed and accuracy of operation, and, perhaps most importantly, the ability to see the real-time state of the companys financial position. In my experience I have never seen a business that has upgraded to a computerized accounting system return to paper based accounting systems. A typical computerized accounting package will offer a number of different facilities. These include: On-screen input and printout of sales invoices Automatic updating of customer accounts in the sales ledger Recording of suppliers invoices Automatic updating of suppliers' accounts in the purchases ledger Recording of bank receipts Making payments to suppliers and for expenses Automatic updating of the general ledger Automatic adjustment of stock records Integration of a business database with the accounting program

Automatic calculation of payroll and associated entries Computerized accounting programs can provide instant reports for management, for example: Aged debtors summary a summary of customer accounts showing overdue amounts Trial balance, trading and profit and loss account and balance sheet Stock valuation Sales analysis Budget analysis and variance analysis GST/VAT returns Payroll analysis When using a computerized accounting system the on computer, input screens have been designed for ease of use. The main advantage is that each transaction needs only to be inputed once, unlike a manual double entry system where two or three entries are required. The computerized ledger system is fully integrated. This means that when a business transaction is inputed on the computer it is recorded in a number of different accounting records at the same time. The main advantages of a computerized accounting system are listed below: Speed data entry onto the computer with its formatted screens and built-in databases of customers and supplier details and stock records can be carried out far more quickly than any manual processing. Automatic document production fast and accurate invoices, credit notes, purchase orders, printing statements and payroll documents are all done automatically. Accuracy there is less room for errors as only one accounting entry is needed for each transaction rather than two (or three) for a manual system. Up-to-date information the accounting records are automatically updated and so account balances (e.g. customer accounts) will always be up-to-date. Availability of information the data is instantly available and can be made available to different users in different locations at the same time.

Management information reports can be produced which will help management monitor and control the business, for example the aged debtors analysis will show which customer accounts are overdue, trial balance, trading and profit and loss account and balance sheet. GST/VAT return the automatic creation of figures for the regular GST/VAT returns. Legibility the onscreen and printed data should always be legible and so will avoid errors caused by poor figures. Efficiency better use is made of resources and time; cash flow should improve through better debt collection and inventory control. Staff motivation the system will require staff to be trained to use new skills, which can make them feel more motivated. Further to this with many off-the-shelf packages like MYOB the training can be outsourced and thus making a particular staff member less critical of business operations. Cost savings computerized accounting programs reduce staff time doing accounts and reduce audit expenses as records are neat, up-to-date and accurate. Reduce frustration management can be on top of their accounts and thus reduce stress levels associated with what is not known. The ability to deal in multiple currencies easily many computerized accounting packages now allow a business to trade in multiple currencies with ease. Problems associated with exchange rate changes are minimized.

Tally an accounting Software is one of the simplest softwares to use, it is very user friendly and even a person having the basic knowledge of accounts and computers can easily learn this package on his own. Tally maintains all Books of accounts starting from records of vouchers, ledgers etc. Tally handles different types of vouchers like Payment, receipt, adjustment entries like Journals, Debit notes, Credit notes, Sales, Purchases, Receipt notes, Delivery notes etc. Tally follows the double entry system of accounting and hence will eliminate any possible errors. Tally maintains many types of books such as a) Books : Tally maintains all the Primary books of accounts like Cashbook, Bank Book. b) Registers : Tally maintains all registers like Purchase Register, Sales Register and Journal Registers. c) Statement of Accounts : Tally maintains all statement of accounts like Balance sheet, Profit and Loss and Trial Balance, Cash Flow, Fund Flow & Stock Statement. In tally we could manage even minute details of everything. Tally maintains details of all ledgers that are defined by the user. You can define your chart of accounts i.e. maintain groups, ledger etc. Ledger reports can be used for scrutiny of accounts. Most accounting systems across the globe follow the concept of separate Personal and Nominal accounts. Tally follows the concept of single ledger systems, which includes both Personal and Nominal accounts. A Tally user can maintain 'Outstanding Reports' along with Age Wise analysis. Credit Limits can be given 'amount wise' as well as 'period wise'. Once Credit limits are set for a Party, then the user cannot bill the particular Party beyond the specified limit. Only the authorized user can alter the Credit Limits. This helps to monitor as well as control any potential slow collection and warns about the potential bad debts. Ads by Google Repair Repair Certified Experts Available 24x7. Hassle Free, Speedy& Instant Repair [Link]/Computer-Repair-Mumbai

Office Download Accessible Anywhere, Affordable & Safe. Sign up for a Free Trial Now! [Link]/free-trial-office365 We can also maintain the details of our debtors and creditors, bill wise details. Accounts Receivables is the amount to be received from Sundry Debtors and Accounts Payable, the amount to be paid to Sundry Creditors. Tally provides complete bill wise information of amounts receivable as well as payable either Party wise or Group wise. This feature can track bills, payments/receipts including advances one-to-one. In tally we can have voucher numberings according to our needs, it can be auto also. Tally provides predefined vouchers and also allows the user to define different types of vouchers as per his/her needs. E.g. the user can further classify Payment Vouchers by creating vouchers by the name Bank Payment and Cash Payment Vouchers. The user can also set the voucher numbering as per his needs, which is either automatic numbering or manual numbering or have no numbering at all. Further the user can also assign Prefix and Suffix for voucher numbers and numbering can restart either from beginning of the year or month We can also print vouchers and cheques as we require through providing various settings in the masters. It is a very useful package for small scale and medium scale companies. Source: [Link]

Add a computer account to a group

1 out of 1 rated this helpful - Rate this topic Updated: January 21, 2005 Applies To: Windows Server 2003, Windows Server 2003 R2, Windows Server 2003 with SP1, Windows Server 2003 with SP2

To add a computer account to a group

Using the Windows interface Using a command line

Using the Windows interface

1. 2. Open Active Directory Users and Computers. In the console tree, click Computers. Where?

Active Directory Users and Computers/domain node/Computers

Or, click the folder in which the computer is located.

3. 4. 5.

In the details pane, right-click the computer, and then click Properties. On the Member Of tab, click Add. In Enter the object names to select, type the name of a group that you want this computer to be a member of, and then click OK.

Notes

To perform this procedure, you must be a member of the Account Operators group, Domain Admins group, or the Enterprise Admins group in Active Directory, or you must have been delegated the appropriate authority. As a security best practice, consider using Run as to perform this procedure. For more information, see Default local groups, Default groups, and Using Run as. To open Active Directory Users and Computers, click Start, click Control Panel, double-click Administrative Tools, and then double-click Active Directory Users and Computers. When viewing users, computers, and groups as containers, you can add a computer to a group by dragging it onto the desired group. For more information about view options in Active Directory Users and Computers, see Related Topics. By adding a computer to a group, you can assign permissions to all of the computer accounts in that group and filter Group Policy settings on all accounts in that group.

Using a command line

1. 2. Open Command Prompt. Type: dsmod groupGroupDN-addmbrComputerDN

Value GroupDN

Description Specifies the distinguished names of the group object to which you want to add the computer object. Specifies the distinguished name of the computer object to be added to the group. The distinguished name specifies the directory location.

ComputerDN
Notes

To perform this procedure, you must be a member of the Account Operators group, Domain Admins group, or the Enterprise Admins group in Active Directory, or you must have been delegated the appropriate authority. As a security best practice, consider using Run as to perform this procedure. For more information, see Default local groups, Default groups, and Using Run as.

To open a command prompt, click Start, point to All programs, point to Accessories, and then click Command prompt. By adding a computer to a group, you can assign permissions to all of the computer accounts in that group and filter Group Policy settings on all accounts in that group. To view the complete syntax for this command, at a command prompt, type: dsmod group /?

Creating user and group accounts

7 out of 15 rated this helpful - Rate this topic Updated: March 25, 2011 Applies To: Windows Server 2003, Windows Server 2003 R2, Windows Server 2003 with SP1, Windows Server 2003 with SP2

Creating user and group accounts

User accounts are used to authenticate, authorize or deny access to resources for, and audit the activity of individual users on your network. A group account is a collection of user accounts that you can use to assign a set of permissions and rights to multiple users simultaneously. A group can also contain contacts, computers, and other groups. You can create user accounts and group accounts in Active Directory to manage domain users. You can also create user accounts and group accounts on a local computer to manage users specific to that computer. Some of the most common tasks are creating user accounts in Active Directory, creating group accounts in Active Directory,creating user accounts on a local computer, and creating groups on a local computer. You can also use the command line to create user and group accounts in Managing Active Directory from the command line or on a Managing local groups from the command line. For more information about other tasks for managing Active Directory user accounts and groups, see Manage Users, Groups, and Computers. For information about other tasks for managing user accounts and groups on a local computer, see Local Users and Groups How To....

To create a user account in Active Directory

1. 2. Open Active Directory Users and Computers. In the console tree, right-click the folder in which you want to add a user account. Where?

o
3. 4. 5.

Active Directory Users and Computers/domain node/folder

Point to New, and then click User. In First name, type the user's first name. In Initials, type the user's initials.

6. 7. 8.

In Last name, type the user's last name. Modify Full name to add initials or reverse order of first and last names. In User logon name, type the user logon name, click the UPN suffix in the drop-down list, and then click Next. If the user will use a different name to log on to computers running Windows 95, Windows 98, or Windows NT, then you can change the user logon name as it appears in User logon name (preWindows 2000) to the different name.

9.

In Password and Confirm password, type the user's password, and then select the appropriate password options.

10.

Creating a Single Group

11. 12. Group is a collection of Ledgers of the same nature, [Link] 9 allows you to create groups as per your requirements.

13. Go to Gateway of Tally > Accounts Info. > Groups > Create under Single Group

14.

15. The Group Creation screen is displayed as shown:

16.

17. Name of Group

18. Enter the name of the Group to be created. For example Administrative Expenses in the name field. 19. Alias 20. Enter an alias name to allow access to the group using the Alias in addition to its name or leave it blank. For example, for Administrative expenses, you can enter Office Expense or even an alphanumeric code, say E001, as an alias 21. Under 22. Specify under which existing (Parent) group the sub-classification is required.
23. Note: If i t i s a ne w pri mary group, se l e ct Pri mary ( requi re me nt of a ne w pri mary group i s ve ry rare , but the opti on e xi sts) . Cre ati on of ne w Pri mary Group i s not all owe d i f Al low Advance d e ntri e s i n Maste rs i s se t to No i n F12: Conf i gure . You can al so cre ate a ne w Pare nt Group by usi ng Alt+C .

24. 25. [Link] 9 has the flexibility of creating the related Masters from specified screens:

26.

27.

Button L: Ledgers V: Vch Types 28.

Shortcut Keys Ctrl+L Ctrl+V

Behaviour Navigate to Ledger Creation screen Navigate to Voucher Creation Screen

Creating Computer Accounts Using "NETDOM"

Note that you should use only the Windows XP version of netdom, which is included with the Windows XP CD in the Support\Tools\[Link] file. Previous versions do not work correctly for all features in Windows XP. You can use netdom from the command line (or call it optionally from a batch file) to script computer account creation. This sample creates only the computer account and displays how you can specify credentials of an authorized user who has permissions to create computer accounts in the domain. Follow this example of the syntax for the netdom command netdom join ComputerName /domain:DomainName /userd:User /passwordd:UserPassword where User is a user with permission to join the domain. For more information about using NETDOM, click the following article number to view the article in the Microsoft Knowledge Base: 150493 How to join a domain from the command line

Scripting the Computer Account Using ADSI and Windows Script Host
Using Active Directory Services Interface (ADSI) and Windows Script Host (WSH), an administrator can create a Visual Basic Script (VBScript) to automate the creation of computer accounts.

For more information about Visual Basic Scripting, visit the following Microsoft Web site: [Link] To use this method, create a script as outlined in the following sample script, and then save the file with a .vbs extension. To run the file, double-click the file or type cscript [Link] at a command prompt.

Show

Creating a Company

Creating a Company involves providing basic information about the company whose books of accounts are to be maintained in [Link] 9. Go to Gateway of Tally > (Alt+F3) Company Info. > Create Company The Company Creation screen appears as shown:

A detailed explanation on each field is given: Directory The data path where you want the company to be created is specified in the Directory field.

This field is skipped by default when you create the company in the data path given in the [Link] file. If you want to change it, use the Backspace key and modify it to the path required. This is referred to as the Tally Anywhere concept which is the ability to create/load companies in separate directories. The Directory field is displayed while selecting Select, Create, Backup, Restore and Rewrite options for a company. By default, the cursor will skip the field, presuming that you wish to use the default data directory for your work. You may press Backspace to give a new path and work from there. For example, the default [Link] 9 data directory could be C:\[Link]\DATA. You may now wish to create a new company on C:\[Link]\PERSONAL, and some other companies on C:\[Link]\BRANCHES. The next time, the default directory displays C:\[Link]\DATA, and if you wish to work on the data of your branches, press Backspace and enter C:\[Link]\BRANCHES for the directory name. This displays the companies whose data is stored in that location in the List of Companies. You can even give the path of a network server or any other storage device. If your business uses [Link] 9 to maintain data,

Click on S: Server List or press Alt+S

Note : If the admi ni strator has e nabl e d Securi ty Acce ss, use rs ne e d to provi de the authori se d Tal l [Link] cre denti al s i n order to acce ss the Se rve r Li st.

The List of [Link] is displayed. Select the required location


Name

Press Enter to continue with Company Creation

Enter the name of the company whose books are being opened. If you are a professional accountant and are maintaining the books of your clients, give the Client Company's name. Mailing Name and Address In addition to the Company Name, [Link] 9 provides the facility to enter the Mailing Name field. It displays the Company Name by default. You may change it as required, if the mailing name is different from the Company Name. The mailing name and address details are picked up for inclusion in any report that needs the company name and address as heading. For example: Balance Sheets, Statement of Accounts, and so on.

[Link]'s reports print the mailing name and address as given:

[Link] 9 does NOT restrict the number of lines for the address details. [Link] 9 accommodates all the entered information and vertically compresses the same.

Note: In the space provi ded for the Addre ss de tail s, obse rve the ve rti cal compre ssi on as compare d to the Maili ng Name fi el d w he re the re i s hori zontal compressi on. You can spe ci fy any l e ngth for the mai li ng name and you are pe rmi tte d to gi ve any numbe r of l i ne s for the addre ss. The i nformati on i s comple tel y vi si ble .

[Link] 9 handles compressed information correctly while printing. It adjusts the reports accordingly.
Statutory compliance for Select the Country from the List of Countries. The Statutory Features and Base Currency Symbol are enabled in accordance with the country selected. For example, if the accounts belong to a company in India, the base currency would be Indian Rupees. The Base Currency will appear with respect to the Country selected. Selecting India from the List of Countries brings up a State, Pin Code and Telephone No. field. State You can select the appropriate state from the predefined list. PIN Code Specify the PIN Code (Postal Index Number) of the specified address. Telephone Enter the Telephone number. Mobile No Enter the mobile number of the company. E-mail Address Enter the E-mail address that will be used to e-mail documents, reports and data from [Link] 9. Enable Auto Backup
Set this to Yes, if you want to enable the automatic backup of [Link] 9 data (per company). Else, set this to No. The data backup is stored in the data folder of the respective company. The auto backup data can be restored by pressing Ctrl+Alt+K from Company Info menu or Gateway of Tally.

Note: Ensure that all the systems in a network have the same date and time settings.
Currency Currency symbol is the symbol of the base currency, that is, the currency that will be used to maintain the books of account.

The symbol Companies.

appears by default in case India for India/SAARC Companies and the field is left blank for International

Note: The currency symbol changes based on the country selected from the list for Statutory compliance for field.
Click here to read about Indian Rupee Symbol Conversion. Maintain [Link] 9 displays a drop down for the Type of Company with two options Accounts only and Accounts with Inventory Select Accounts only if you do not have any inventory transactions (suitable for professionals and corporate offices). However, at a later date (if required) you can choose to alter the information as Accounts-with-Inventory. Select Accounts-withInventory, to maintain both financial accounts and inventory. Financial Year From In most countries, the books of accounts of a company are maintained for a stipulated period like, 12 months, 15 months, and so on. This stipulated period is referred to as the Financial Year. The stipulated period of the financial year is 12 months in most countries. [Link] 9 automatically considers 12 months from the date you give here as the Financial Year. For example, if you enter April 1, 2008 as the date, the Financial Year will be from April to March ending with March 31, 2009. If you enter October 1, 2008 as the Financial Year From then the financial year will be from October 2008 to September 2008 ending with 30th of September every year. [Link] 9 allows you to maintain data for multiple years by changing the period (Alt+F2) at the Gateway of Tally. In addition, you can also specify the date of actual establishment of the company (date of incorporation) Books Beginning From [Link] 9 presumes that you wish to maintain books from the beginning of the financial year. Hence, [Link] 9 displays the date given in Financial Year From field automatically. The date for Books beginning from can be changed, in case of companies, which are incorporated in the middle of the year. If your company is new, you can opt to start the books of accounts from the date of actual establishment of the company (date of incorporation) but close books according to the Financial Year as specified by you. [Link] 9 provides the required flexibility in such a case by allowing you to give the date when the books of accounts actually began. [Link] 9 will open books from this date and close as on the last day of the Financial Year. For example, if your company is established on August 19, 2008, the opening balances for all the accounts can be given as on August 19, 2008 even though the Financial Year given is April 1, 2008 (April to March financial year). The company's books will begin on August 19, 2008 and close on March 31, 2009, which ensures smooth transition to the next year. This concept can be applied even when you are migrating to [Link] 9 from any other system or from a manual accounting system on any day during the Financial Year. Close books in that other system on the previous day and start books on [Link] 9 from this day. You are allowed to give opening balances of all Ledger accounts including Revenue accounts. TallyVault Password TallyVault is an enhanced security system, which allows for encryption of the company data. Encryption involves converting normally accessible Tally information into unrecognisable information, which can only be reconverted by authorised persons.

Give a password here and repeat the same in the Repeat field. This basically results in the creation of an encrypted company whose information is not accessible to users other than the password holder. Password Strength Password Strength indicator is available in [Link] 9 from Release 4.5 onwards. Now, strength is displayed while creating / altering passwords under Security Control, Tally Vault, and Control Centre. Also when Password Policy is enabled, Password Strength is indicated in the Change Password screen that appears for first time login. Let us understand the logic used by [Link] 9 to ascertain a passwords strength. This logic consists of two sets of condit ions to be applied. A. Password Score B. Password Length and Username match Use Security Control? Set this to Yes, if you want to initiate a password-protected system to control access to [Link] 9 data. Else, set this to No. If you opt for security control, [Link] 9 offers a comprehensive password based access control to different features of [Link] 9 based on authority lists created by the Administrator. For more information refer Data Management in [Link] 9.

Name of Administrator, Password, Repeat Assuming the Tally Vault Password and Use Security Control is set to Yes enter the Name of Administrator, Password and Repeat in the respective fields. Use TallyAudit Features Tally Audit allows the administrator or an auditor profile user to track changes in accounting information. If you wish to use this facility, select Yes. Tally Audit will be available only to the administrator/auditor, through Display of Statements of [Link] more information refer Data Management in [Link] 9. Disallow opening in Educational mode ? Set this option to Yes, if you don't want the company to be opened in Educational mode of [Link] 9. Else, set this to No. On accepting the company creation screen, if you have specified Tally Vault password, [Link] 9 prompts you to enter the TallyVault password as appears:

Then [Link] 9 prompts you to enter the Name of User and Password (if any).

After verification [Link] 9 imports the latest statutory masters. Wait till the screen shows that 100% of import is complete.

This completes the Company Creation process in [Link] 9. An explanation on the fields on the bottom of the Company creation screen follows: Base Currency Information The Base Currency Information is found in the bottom frame of the Company creation Screen. Base Currency is the currency in which your accounts would be maintained. Financial statements are prepared in the base currency by default and these are normally required to be submitted to local statutory authorities. The Base Currency information in [Link] 9 varies with the country selected for Statutory Compliance. You can record transactions and raise invoices in foreign currency; and also maintain bank accounts or ledgers in foreign exchange, when required.

Base Currency Symbol The currency symbol given earlier in the Company Creation screen is displayed here automatically. [Link] 9 uses this currency symbol in reports, wherever necessary.
Click here to read about Indian Rupee Symbol Conversion.

Formal Name Formal Name is the full name of the currency specified. The Formal Name for the base currency is set to Indian Rupees for Indian Companies.

Number of decimal places The number of decimal places for the base currency is set to 2, by default. However, you have the option of specifying up to 4 decimal places. Indian currency has 2 decimal places whereas certain other countries require 3 decimal places and so on. Is Symbol Suffixed to Amounts For countries, which specify the symbol after the amount (value) this facility is provided. For example, Yen is specified after the amount (5000 Yen) unlike in India where the symbol is specified before the amount (Rs.5000) Symbol for Decimal Portion Enter the symbol for decimal portion. Show Amounts in Millions This is useful for companies, which require reporting the financial statements in millions. This is possible only if Allow MultiCurrency is enabled in F11: Accounting Features. Put a space between Amounts and Symbol This facility is provided to users who require a space between the amount and the symbol. However, putting a space between the amount and symbol could give an opportunity for misuse incase of cheque printing. Hence, the flexibility to turn this option on and off as required is provided. Decimal Places for Printing Amounts in Words You can specify the number of decimal places for printing the amount in words. This number should be equal to or lesser than the number specified in Number of Decimal places field in company creation or currency master screen which will appear in Invoice and Cheque printing screen. For example, if the currency is expressed upto 3 decimal places, the numeric to be printed in words can be restricted to 2 decimal places.

Note: The Name of the Company, cannot be translated or transliterated but will appear in the Language created.
Designing Internal Accounting Reports for Business Managers
By John A. Tracy, CPA from Accounting Workbook For Dummies When designing internal accounting reports for business managers, the accountant should ask, Whos entitled to know what information in the internal accounting reports? In general, the board of directors, the CEO, the president, and the COO are entitled to know anything and everything.

By virtue of their positions, the financial vice president and chief accountant (often called the controller) have access to all financial information about the business. Other managers in a business have a limited scope of responsibility and authority. The accountant should report to them the information they need to know, but no more. For example: The vice-president of production receives a wide range of manufacturing information but doesnt receive sales and marketing information. The reporting of information to individual mangers should follow the organizational structure of the business; this practice is called responsibility accounting. The accountant should identify a particular managers specific area of authority and responsibility in deciding the information content of accounting reports to that manager. From the accounting point of view, the organizational structure of a business consists of profit centers and cost centers: A profit center could be a product line, or even a specific product model. For example, a profit center for Apple Computer is its iPod line of products; another profit center is its iTunes Music Center (where customers download audio and video files). Within each broad product line, Apple has sub-profit centers. For example, each type of iPod is a sub-profit center. A cost center is an organization unit that doesnt directly generate sales revenue. For example, the accounting department of a company is a cost center. The accounting reports that go to the manager of a profit center should be oriented to the profit performance of that organization unit. The accounting reports that go to a manager of a cost center should be oriented to the cost performance of that organization unit.

Helping managers understand their accounting reports

Most managers have limited accounting backgrounds; their backgrounds are usually in marketing, engineering, law, human resources, and other fields. Business managers are very busy people with little time to spare. Yet accountants often act as if managers fully understand the accounting reports they receive and have all the time in the world to read and digest the detailed information they contain. Accountants are deadwrong on this point. One function of the management accountant is to serve as the translator of accounting jargon and reports to business managers to take the technical terminology and methods of accounting and put it all into terms that non-accounting managers can understand. Management accountants can perform a valuable service by improving their communication skills with non-accounting managers.

Involving managers in choosing accounting methods

Some business managers take charge of every aspect of the business, including choosing accounting methods for their businesses. But many business managers are passive and defer to their chief accountants regarding the accounting methods their businesses should use. The hands-off approach is a mistake. Ultimately, the chief executive officer of the business is responsible for these decisions, as he or she is responsible for all fundamental decisions of the business. But such accounting decisions may not be on the radar screen of the chief executive.

In choosing accounting methods, the chief accountant shouldnt allow managers to sit on the sidelines and be spectators. The chief accountant shouldnt select an accounting method without the explicit approval and understanding of top-level managers. In particular, the head accountant should explain the differences in profit and asset and liability values between alternative accounting methods. The businesss accounting methods should reflect its philosophy and strategies, so if the business is conservative in its policies and strategies, it should use conservative accounting methods. The chief accountant can find himself or herself between a rock and a hard place when top-level managers intervene in the normal accounting process. This interference may be referred to as massaging the numbers, managing earnings, smoothing earnings, or good old-fashioned accounting manipulation. If the accountant accedes to management pressure, he or she should make clear to the manager what the consequences will be the following year. Generally speaking, theres a compensatory effect, or trade -off, between years; pumping up profit this year, for instance, causes profit deflation next year. Massaging the numbers produces a robbing Peter to pay Paul effect, and the accountant should make this very clear to the manager.

Show
Display Balance Sheet

A Balance Sheet is a financial statement that reports a firm's financial position at a specific time. The term balance sheet implies that a report shows the balance between two figures. It shows a balance between the assets and liabilities of a firm and the owner's funds. The fundamental accounting equation applicable is therefore, Assets = Liabilities + Owner's Equity. To view the Balance Sheet: Go to Gateway of Tally > Balance Sheet

Press F12: Configuration and set the required parameters to display the Balance Sheet according to your preferences.

Note: Balance Sheet gets updated instantly with every transaction voucher that is entered and saved. You can view additional information or toggle to another report using the options available in the Button Bar.
Some of the Button Bar options are Select F1:Detailed/Condensed to explode the summarized information. Change the date of the Balance Sheet using F2: Period. View different effect of different Stock Valuations on the Balance Sheet. Add up new columns to
Display the Balance Sheet for a different date to compare with current one Display the Balance Sheet of Another Company when more than One Company is opened

Display the Balance Sheet in a different currency Display the Budget figures and analyze the variances

Schedule VI Balance Sheet

A new button S: Schedule VI has been provided in Balance Sheet screen to view Schedule VI Balance Sheet.

Clink on S: Schedule VI button of press Alt+S to view Schedule VI Balance Sheet The Schedule VI Balance Sheet is displayed as shown:

Printing Data from Balance Sheet Preparation

The report Print Balance Sheet Preparation Data (RBCA_BSPRPR_RUN_PP) enables you to create spool lists with general ledger information from Account Management (FS-AM). This is the data that you then need to print or save in the archive before its subsequent deletion in AM.

The saved general ledger information enables you to track AM postings in the general ledger accounts back to the corresponding AM accounts, and to view information about individual postings. When the system has written the most important general ledger data in the spool lists, you can delete the archiving object data from the database. Display the area menu FS_AM_GLT (text GL Transfer) (transaction SE43) and on the Display Area Menu FS_AM_GLT screen, choose General Ledger Transfer Archiving and then the following transactions: Balance Sheet Preparation Data (Deletion Object GL_BALPREP) FI Balances (Deletion Object GL_BALANCE) Non-Balance-Changing Postings (Deletion Object SNITEM) If the relevant information is still in AM, you can regenerate the lists any time you wish.

Prerequisites
You have made the settings in the Customizing structure for the General Ledger Transfer (transaction SIMGH) under General Ledger Transfer Item Management Ledger Transfer Archiving Define Parallel Processing Packages for Printing . General

The reconciliation keys for the data to be printed must have at least transfer status 5 - Settled for General Ledger). You have printed all the general ledger information before the date specified as the From Date. The data must no longer be in the system.

Procedure
In the area menu maintenance (transaction SE43), display the area menu FS_AM_GLT (text: General Ledger Transfer). On the Display Area Menu FS_AM_GLT, choose General Ledger Transfer General Ledger Transfer Print Balance Sheet Preparation Data . Periodic Tasks

Result
The report selects the most important general ledger information from the non-balance-changing postings in the areas Accrual/Deferral Postings and P&L Net Postings as well as the Balance Sheet Preparation Data (only if the General Ledger Transfer component is active).

More Information
For more information about the report, see the system documentation. On the Print Balance Sheet Preparation Data screen, choose the (Program Documentation)button. For more information about archiving print lists, see the SAP note 507029.

Click here to know more about Schedule-VI Balance Sheet