H-3
Example H.1b
W-shape Column Subjected to Combined Compression and Bending Moment About Both Axes (braced frame)
Verify if an ASTM A992 W1499 has sufficient available strength to support the axial forces and moments listed below, obtained from a second order analysis that includes second-order effects. The unbraced length is 14 ft and the member has pinned ends. KLx = KLy = Lb = 14.0 ft
LRFD Pu = 400 kips Mux = 250 kip-ft Muy = 80.0 kip-ft
ASD Pa = 267 kips Max = 167 kip-ft May = 53.3 kip-ft
Solution: Material Properties: ASTM A992 Fy = 50 ksi Manual Table 2-3
Fu = 65 ksi
Take the available axial and flexural strengths from the Manual Tables
LRFD ASD
at KLy = 14.0 ft, Pc = cPn = 1130 kips at Lb = 14.0 ft, Mcx = Mnx = 642 kip-ft Mcy = Mny = 311 kip-ft
Pu 400 kips = = 0.354 1,130 kips c Pn
at KLy = 14.0 ft, Pc = Pn/c= 751 kips at Lb = 14.0 ft, Mcx = Mnx / = 428 kip-ft
Mcy = Mny / = 207 kip-ft
Pa 267 kips = = 0.356 751 kips Pn / c
Manual Table 4-1 Manual Table 3-10 Manual Table 3-2
Since
Pu > 0.2, use Eqn. H1.1a c Pn
Since
Pa > 0.2, use Eqn. H1.1a Pn / c
M Pr 8M + rx + ry M 1.0 9 M cx Pc M cy
M Pr 8M + rx + ry M 1.0 9 M cx Pc M cy
Eq. H1.1a
400 kips 8 250 kip-ft 80.0 kip-ft + + 1130 kips 9 642 kip-ft 311 kip-ft
267 kips 8 167 kip-ft 53.3 kip-ft + + 751 kips 9 428 kip-ft 207 kip-ft
= 0.354 +
8 ( 0.389 + 0.257 ) = 0.929 < 1.0 9 o.k.
= 0.356 +
8 ( 0.390 + 0.257 ) = 0.931 < 1.0 9 o.k.
H-9
Example H.4
W-Shape Subject to Combined Axial Compression and Flexure
Given: Select an ASTM A992 W-shape with a 10 in. nominal depth to carry nominal axial compression forces of 5 kips from dead load and 15 kips from live load. The unbraced length is 14 ft and the ends are pinned. The member also has the following nominal required moment strengths, not including second-order effects:
MxD = 15 kip-ft MyD = 2 kip-ft
MxL = 45 kip-ft MyL = 6 kip-ft
The member is not subject to sidesway.
Solution: Material Properties: ASTM A992 Fy = 50 ksi
Fu = 65 ksi
Calculate the required strength, not considering second-order effects
LRFD ASD
Pu = 1.2(5.00 kips) + 1.6(15.0 kips) = 30.0 kips Mux = 1.2(15.0 kip-ft) + 1.6(45.0 kip-ft) = 90.0 kip-ft Muy = 1.2(2.00 kip-ft) + 1.6(6.00 kip-ft) = 12.0 kip-ft Try a W1033 Geometric Properties: W1033 A = 9.71 in.2
Pa = 5.00 kips + 15.0 kips = 20.0 kips Max = 15.0 kip-ft + 45.0 kip-ft = 60.0 kip-ft May = 2.00 kip-ft + 6.00 kip-ft = 8.00 kip-ft
Sx= 35.0 in.3 Sy= 9.20 in.3 Lp = 6.85 ft
Zx = 38.8 in.3 Zy = 14.0 in.3 Lr = 12.8 ft
Ix = 171 in.4 Iy = 36.6 in.4
Manual Table 1-1 Table 3-1
Calculate the available axial strength For a pinned-pinned condition, K = 1.0. Since KLx = KLy = 14.0 ft and rx > ry, the y-y axis will govern.
LRFD ASD
Commentary Table C-C2.2
Pc = cPn = 253 kips
Pc = Pn/c = 168 kips
Manual Table 4-1
H-10
Calculate the required flexural strengths including second order amplification Use Amplified First-Order Elastic Analysis procedure from Section C2.1b. member is not subject to sidesway, only P- amplifiers need to be added.
B1 = Cm 1 Pr / Pe1
Since the
Eqn. C2-2
Cm = 1.0 X-X axis flexural magnifier
Pe1 = 2 EI x = 2 ( 29,000 ksi ) 171in.4
)
2
( K1 Lx )
( (1.0 )(14.0 ft )(12 in./ft ) )
LRFD
= 1730 kips
Eqn. C2-5
ASD
= 1.0
1.0 B1 = = 1.02 1 1.0 ( 30.0 kips /1730 kips ) Mux = 1.02(90.0 kip-ft) = 91.8 kip-ft
= 1.6 B1 = 1.0 = 1.02 1 1.6 ( 20.0 kips /1730 kips ) Eqn. C2-2
Max = 1.02(60.0 kip-ft) = 61.2 kip-ft
Y-Y axis flexural magnifier
Pe1 = 2 EI y = 2 ( 29,000 ksi ) 36.6 in.4
( K1 Ly )
( (1.0 )(14.0 ft )(12 in./ft ) )
LRFD
) = 371 kips
ASD
Eqn. C2-5
= 1.0
1.0 B1 = = 1.09 1 1.0 ( 30.0 kips / 371kips )
= 1.6
B1 =
1.0 = 1.09 1 1.6 ( 20.0 kips / 371kips )
Eqn. C2-2
Muy = 1.09(12.0 kip-ft) = 13.1 kip-ft
May = 1.09 (8.00 kip-ft) = 8.76 kip-ft
Calculate the nominal bending strength about the x-x axis Yielding limit state Mnx = Mp = FyZx = 50 ksi(38.8 in.3) = 1940 kip-in or 162 kip-ft Lateral-torsional buckling limit state Since Lp < Lb < Lr, Equation F2-2 applies From Manual Table 3-1, Cb = 1.14 Manual Table 3-1 Eqn. F2-1
H-11
Lb - L p Mnx = Cb M p - ( M p -0.7 Fy S x ) M Mp L -L p r 14.0 ft - 6.85ft Mnx = 1.14 1940 kip-in. - 1940 kip-in. - 0.7 ( 50 ksi ) 35.0 in.3 21.8 ft - 6.85ft = 1820 kip-in. M 1940 kip-in., therefore use:
Eqn. F2-2
))
Mnx = 1820 kip-in. or 152 kip-ft Local buckling limit state
controls
Per Manual Table 1-1, the member is compact for Fy = 50 ksi, so the local buckling limit state does not apply Calculate the nominal bending strength about the y-y axis Since a W1033 has compact flanges, only the yielding limit state applies. Mny = Mp = FyZy M 1.6FySy = 50 ksi(14.0 in.3) M 1.6(50 ksi)(9.20 in.3) = 700 kip-in < 736 kip-in., therefore Use Mny = 700 kip-in. or 58.3 kip-ft
LRFD ASD
Manual Table 1-1 Section F6.2
Eqn. F6-1
b = 0.90 Mcx = bMnx = 0.90(152 kip-ft) = 137 kip-ft Mcy = bMny = 0.90(58.3 kip-ft) = 52.5 kip-ft
b = 1.67 Mcx = Mnx/b = 152 kip-ft/1.67 = 91.0 kip-ft Mcy = Mny/b = 58.3 kip-ft/1.67 = 34.9 kip-ft
Section F2
Check limit for Equation H1-1a
LRFD ASD
P Pr 30.0 kips = u = = 0.119, therefore, 253 kips Pc c Pn use Specification Equation H1.1b M M Pr + rx + ry M 1.0 2 Pc M cy M cx 91.8 kip-ft 30.0 kips 13.1 kip-ft + + 2(253 kips) 137 kip-ft 52.5 kip-ft
Pa Pr 20.0 kips = = = 0.119, therefore 168 kips Pc Pn / c use Specification Equation H1.1b M M Pr + rx + ry M 1.0 2 Pc M cy M cx 61.2 kip-ft 20.0 kips 8.76 kip-ft + + 2(168 kips) 91.0 kip-ft 34.9 kip-ft
Section H1.1
Eqn. H1.1b
0.0593 + 0.920 = 0.979 M 1.0
o.k.
0.0595 + 0.924 = 0.983 M 1.0
o.k.