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 Fig 3 - Solving Our First Design Problem

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Notify ! ! # ( @ !!
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GetBallPosition ! 8 (

# -

!# (

' Subject : The Ball Class

Public Class Ball

'A private list of observers

Private observers As new [Link]

'Routine to attach an observer

Public Sub AttachObserver(ByVal obj As IObserver)

[Link](obj)
End Sub

'Routine to remove an observer

Public Sub DetachObserver(ByVal obj As IObserver)

[Link](obj)
End Sub

'Routine to notify all observers

Public Sub NotifyObservers()

Dim o As IObserver
For Each o In observers
[Link]()
Next
End Sub

End Class ' END CLASS DEFINITION Ball

# . -

!8 # (

' ConcreteSubject : The FootBall Class

Public Class FootBall

Inherits Ball
'State: The position of the ball

Private myPosition As Position

'This function will be called by observers to get current position

Public Function GetBallPosition() As Position

Return myPosition
End Function

'Some external client will call this to set the ball's position

Public Function SetBallPosition(ByVal p As Position)

myPosition = p
'Once the position is updated, we have to notify observers

NotifyObservers()
End Function

'Remarks: This can also be implemented as a get/set property

End Class ' END CLASS DEFINITION FootBall

!IObserver ( !
! ! 1 $ (

' Observer: The IObserver Class

'This class is an abstract (MustInherit) class

Public MustInherit Class IObserver

'This method is a mustoverride method

Public MustOverride Sub Update()

End Class ' END CLASS DEFINITION IObserver

" .

! ( ! IObserver

' ConcreteObserver: The Player Class

'Player inherits from IObserver, and overrides Update method

Public Class Player

Inherits IObserver
'This variable holds the current state(position) of the ball

Private ballPosition As Position

'A variable to store the name of the player

Private myName As String

'This is a pointer to the ball in the system

Private ball As FootBall

'Update() is called from Notify function, in Ball class

Public Overrides Sub Update ()

ballPosition = [Link]()
[Link]("Player {0} say that the ball is at {1},{2},{3} ", _
myName, ballPosition.X, ballPosition.Y, ballPosition.Z)
End Sub

'A constructor which allows creating a reference to a ball

Public Sub New(ByRef b As FootBall, ByVal playerName As String)

ball = b
myName = playerName
End Sub

End Class ' END CLASS DEFINITION Player

% .

!: ! (: ! !
IObserver

' ConcreteObserver : The Referee Clas

Public Class Referee

Inherits IObserver

'This variable holds the current state(position) of the ball

Private ballPosition As Position

'This is a pointer to the ball in the system

Private ball As FootBall

'A variable to store the name of the referee

Private myName As String

'Update() is called from Notify function in Ball class

Public Overrides Sub Update()

ballPosition = [Link]()
[Link]("Referee {0} say that the ball is at {1},{2},{3} ", _
myName, ballPosition.X, ballPosition.Y, ballPosition.Z)
End Sub

'A constructor which allows creating a reference to a ball

Public Sub New(ByRef b As FootBall, ByVal refereeName As String)
myName = refereeName
ball = b
End Sub

End Class ' END CLASS DEFINITION Referee

! (

'Position: This is a data structure to hold the position of the ball

Public Class Position

Public X As Integer
Public Y As Integer
Public Z As Integer

'This is the constructor

Public Sub New(Optional ByVal x As Integer = 0, _

Optional ByVal y As Integer = 0, _
Optional ByVal z As Integer = 0)

Me.X = x
Me.Y = y
Me.Z = Z
End Sub

End Class ' END CLASS DEFINITION Position

@ ! (4
! ! (
! (

'Let us create a ball and few observers

Public Class GameEngine

Public Shared Sub Main()

'Create our ball (i.e, the ConcreteSubject)

Dim ball As New FootBall()

'Create few players (i.e, ConcreteObservers)

Dim Owen As New Player(ball, "Owen")

Dim Ronaldo As New Player(ball, "Ronaldo")
Dim Rivaldo As New Player(ball, "Rivaldo")
'Create few referees (i.e, ConcreteObservers)

Dim Mike As New Referee(ball, "Mike")

Dim John As New Referee(ball, "John")

'Attach the observers with the ball

[Link](Owen)
[Link](Ronaldo)
[Link](Rivaldo)
[Link](Mike)
[Link](John)

[Link]("After attaching the observers...")

'Update the position of the ball.

'At this point, all the observers should be notified automatically

[Link](New Position())

'Just write a blank line

[Link]()

'Remove some observers

[Link](Owen)
[Link](John)

[Link]("After detaching Owen and John...")

'Updating the position of ball again

'At this point, all the observers should be notified automatically

[Link](New Position(10, 10, 30))

'Press any key to continue..

[Link]()

End Sub

End Class

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'Strategy: The TeamStrategy class

'This class provides an abstract interface

'to implement concrete strategy algorithms

Public MustInherit Class TeamStrategy

'AlgorithmInterface : This is the interface provided

Public MustOverride Sub Play ()

End Class ' END CLASS DEFINITION TeamStrategy

2 " . "

! % ( ! %

'ConcreteStrategy: The AttackStrategy class

'This class is a concrete implementation of the

'strategy class.

Public Class AttackStrategy

Inherits TeamStrategy

'Overrides the Play function.

'Let us play some attacking game

Public Overrides Sub Play()

'Algorithm to attack
[Link](" Playing in attacking mode")
End Sub

End Class ' END CLASS DEFINITION AttackStrategy

" . "

! &! % ( ! %

'ConcreteStrategy: The DefendStrategy class

'This class is a concrete implementation of the

'strategy class.

Public Class DefendStrategy

Inherits TeamStrategy
'Overrides the Play function.
'Let us go defensive
Public Overrides Sub Play()
'Algorithm to defend
[Link](" Playing in defensive mode")
End Sub

End Class ' END CLASS DEFINITION DefendStrategy

. 1

! (
(

'Context: The Team class

'This class encapsulates the algorithm

Public Class Team

'Just a variable to keep the name of team

Private teamName As String

'A reference to the strategy algorithm to use

Private strategy As TeamStrategy

'ContextInterface to set the strategy

Public Sub SetStrategy(ByVal s As TeamStrategy)
'Set the strategy
strategy = s
End Sub

'Function to play
Public Sub PlayGame()
'Print the team's name
[Link](teamName)
'Play according to the strategy
[Link]()
End Sub

'Constructor to create this class, by passing the team's

'name

Public Sub New(ByVal teamName As String)

'Set the team name to use later
[Link] = teamName
End Sub

End Class ' END CLASS DEFINITION Team

9 5
( (

'GameEngine class for demonstration

Public Class GameEngine

Public Shared Sub Main()

'Let us create a team and set its strategy,

'and make the teams play the game

'Create few strategies

Dim attack As New AttackStrategy()
Dim defend As New DefendStrategy()

'Create our teams

Dim france As New Team("France")
Dim italy As New Team("Italy")

[Link]("Setting the strategies..")

'Now let us set the strategies

[Link](attack)
[Link](defend)

'Make the teams start the play

[Link]()
[Link]()

[Link]()
[Link]("Changing the strategies..")

'Let us change the strategies

[Link](defend)
[Link](attack)

'Make them play again

[Link]()
[Link]()

'Wait for a key press

[Link]()

End Sub

End Class

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% ( (

" .

' Component: The Player class

Public MustInherit Class Player

'Just give a name for this player

Private myName As String

'The property to get/set the name

Public Property Name() As String
Get
Return myName
End Get
Set(ByVal Value As String)
myName = Value
End Set
End Property

'This is the Operation in the component

'and this will be overrided by concrete components
Public MustOverride Sub PassBall()

End Class ' END CLASS DEFINITION Player

" . .

!8

' ConcreteComponent : Field Player class

'This is a concrete component. Later, we will add additional responsibilities

'like Forward, Defender etc to a field player.

Public Class FieldPlayer

Inherits Player

'Operation: Overrides PassBall operation

Public Overrides Sub PassBall ()
[Link](" Fieldplayer ({0}) - passed the ball", _
[Link])
End Sub

'A constructor to accept the name of the player

Public Sub New(ByVal playerName As String)
[Link] = playerName
End Sub

End Class ' END CLASS DEFINITION FieldPlayer

$ 4 . .
 !9 B

' ConcreteComponent : GaolKeeper class

'This is a concrete component. Later, we can add additional responsibilities

'to this class if required.

Public Class GoalKeeper

Inherits Player

'Operation: Overriding the base class operation

Public Overrides Sub PassBall ()
[Link](" GoalKeeper ({0}) - passed the ball", [Link])
End Sub

'A constructor to accept the name of the player

Public Sub New(ByVal playerName As String)
[Link] = playerName
End Sub

End Class ' END CLASS DEFINITION GoalKeeper

" %

! :

'Decorator: PlayerRole is the decorator

Public Class PlayerRole

Inherits player

'The reference to the player

Protected player As player

'Call the base component's function

Public Overrides Sub PassBall()
[Link]()
End Sub

'This function is used to assign a player to this role

Public Sub AssignPlayer(ByVal p As player)
'Keep a reference to the player, to whom this
'role is given
player = p
End Sub

End Class ' END CLASS DEFINITION PlayerRole

!8

'ConcreteDecorator: Forward class is a Concrete implementation

'of the PlayerRole (Decorator) class

Public Class Forward

Inherits PlayerRole
'Added Behavior: This is a responsibility exclusively for the Forward
Public Sub ShootGoal()
[Link](" Forward ({0}) - Shooted the ball to goalpost", _
[Link])

End Sub

End Class ' END CLASS DEFINITION Forward

5 .

!/ 8

'ConcreteDecorator: MidFielder class is a Concrete implementation

'of the PlayerRole (Decorator) class

Public Class MidFielder

Inherits PlayerRole

'AddedBehavior: This is a responsibility exclusively for the Midfielder

'(Don't ask me whether only mid filders can dribble the ball - atleast
'it is so in our engine)

Public Sub Dribble()

[Link](" Midfielder ({0}) - dribbled the ball", _
[Link])
End Sub

End Class ' END CLASS DEFINITION Midfielder

!& !

'ConcreteDecorator: Defender class is a Concrete implementation

'of the PlayerRole (Decorator) class

Public Class Defender

Inherits PlayerRole

'Added Behavior: This is a responsibility exclusively for the Defender

Public Sub Defend()
[Link](" Defender ({0}) - defended the ball", _
[Link])
End Sub

End Class ' END CLASS DEFINITION Defender

'Let us put it together

Public Class GameEngine

Public Shared Sub Main()

'-- Step 1:
'Create few players (concrete components)
'Create few field Players
Dim owen As New FieldPlayer("Owen")
Dim beck As New FieldPlayer("Beckham")

'Create a goal keeper

Dim khan As New GoalKeeper("Khan")

'-- Step 2:
'Just make them pass the ball
'(during a warm up session ;))

[Link]()
[Link](" > Warm up Session... ")

[Link]()
[Link]()
[Link]()

'-- Step 3: Create and assign the responsibilities

'(when the match starts)

[Link]()
[Link](" > Match is starting.. ")

'Set owen as our first forward

Dim forward1 As New Forward()
[Link](owen)

'Set Beckham as our midfielder

Dim midfielder1 As New MidFielder()
[Link](beck)

'Now, use these players to do actions

'specific to their roles

'Owen can pass the ball

[Link]()
'And owen can shoot as well
[Link]()

'Beckham can pass ball

[Link]()
'Beckham can dribble too
[Link]()

' [ Arrange the above operations to some meaningfull sequence, like

' "Beckham dribbled and passed the ball to owen and owen shooted the
' goal ;) - just for some fun ]"

'-- Step 4: Now, changing responsibilities

'(during a substitution)

'Assume that owen got injured, and we need a new player

'to play as our forward1

[Link]()
[Link](" > OOps, Owen got injured. " & _
"Jerrard replaced Owen.. ")

'Create a new player

Dim jerrard As New FieldPlayer("Jerrard")
'Ask Jerrard to play in position of owen
[Link](jerrard)
[Link]()

'-- Step 5: Adding multiple responsibilities

'(When a player need to handle multiple roles)

'We already have Beckham as our midfielder.

'Let us ask him to play as an additional forward

Dim onemoreForward As New Forward()

[Link](beck)

[Link]()
[Link](" > Beckham has multiple responsibilities.. ")

'Now Beckham can shoot

[Link]()
'And use his earlier responsibility to dribble too
[Link]()

'According to our design, you can attach the responsibility of

'a forward to a goal keeper too, but when you actually
'play football, remember that it is dangerous ;)

'Wait for key press

[Link]()

End Sub

End Class

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