INFECTIOUS BURSAL DISEASE
Highly contagious –young chickens
Characterised by
• Immunosuppression
• Mortality- 3 to 6 wks age
• Lymphoid organ –bursa of fabricius destruction.
Nomenclature:
Birna -bi +rna
-double stranded RNA virus.
o Family : birnaviridae
o Genus : avibirna virus
o Species :infectious bursal disease virus
o Acronym : IBDV
Virus morphology:
-virions non enveloped
-bisegmented genome
-hexagonal icosahedral symmetry.
Serotypes:
- 1 and 2
• Serotype 1 -young chickens
• Serotype 2 -no clinical signs
Antigenic property:
- No HA
Physicochemical property:
1. Resistant to :
Acid pH 3 to 7
Alkali pH 7 to 9
2. Virions not sensitive to treatment with heat (60 C,
one hour) or ether.
3. Sensitive to pH below 3 & above 9.
CULTIVATION:
Chickens , ECF, CEF.
1. CHICKENS:
-not recommended.
-via eyedrop.
-kill chicken 72 to 82 hrs after inoculation.
2. Embryonated chicken eggs:
-route of inoculation
(i) Yolk sac -5 to 7 days
(ii) Chorioallantoic membrane – 12 days.
specific lesions
• Dwarfing of embryo
• Kidney, liver ,spleen- enlarged.
• Congestion and subcutaneous oedema.
[Link] culture:
• Chicken embryo fibroblast used.
Epidemiology :
• -infection oral route.
• spread by fomites.
• carrier state vertical transmiision not demonstrated.
PATHOGENESIS
Host: Chicken, turkey and ducks
Route of transmission: Water, feed , infected birds droppings
Carrier : Meal worm and Aedes vexan (Mosquito)
Morbidity – 100 %
Mortality - broilers 25%
- layers 60%
Incubation period : 2-3 days.
Ingestion
↓
macrophages and lymphoid cells in
Caeca
Duodenum
Jejunum
↓
liver via portal circulation
↓
bursa of fabricius
↓
Replication in cytoplasm
↓
Target cell – B lymphocytes
↓
Destroys lymphoid follicles in the bursa of fabricius
SYMPTOMS
• Self vent pecking
• Anorexia
• Depression
• Trembling
• Watery and whitish diarrhea
• Prostration
• death.
• Recovered birds – atrophied bursa of fabricius
LESIONS
[Link] of fabricius
[Link] & haemorrhage
[Link].
[Link] carcass
[Link] dark skeletal muscles
[Link] liver and kidneys
[Link] with increased mucus
DIAGNOSIS:
1. Clinical symptoms
2. lesions.
3. Isolation and identification:
a. Clinical materials:
1. Fresh bursa and spleen
2. HP-Samples of bursa, spleen, intestines, liver and kidney in neutral
buffered formalin.
3. Serology-Blood samples
[Link] tests
1. AGID
2. Quantitative AGID test.
3. Virus neutralization test
4. ELISA
[Link]
[Link] differentiation
- employing specific monoclonal antibodies
• Cross neutralization test.
• Virus neutralization test.
• Serological test .
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
• Marek’s diseases,
• Mycotoxicosis,
• coccidiosis,
• Haemorrhagic syndrome,
• Avian adenovirus infection
• Infectious bronchitis.
TREATMENT: Not effective
IMMUNITY
1. VACCINES:
IBD vaccines prepared serotype 1 IBDV only.
a. Live vaccines:
Only healthy birds should be vaccinated.
[Link] –fully attenuated(lost its virulence but retained
immunogenicity)
2. Intermediate – partially
[Link] plus -not attenuated
Application
-8 wks
- Intramuscular injection
- Spray –aerosal
- Drinking water directly added.
[Link] vaccines:
[Link] hens – only healthy birds vaccinated.
[Link] high,
[Link] lasting .
[Link] levels of antibodies.
ERADICATION:
• Recovered and vaccinated shed virus for long periods.
Hence disease control
• depopulation
• rigorous disinfection of contaminated premises.
• Disposal of litter, dead birds, used gunny bags, curtains by incineration or deep
burial with slaked lime.
ZOONOTIC IMPORTANCE:
Not report