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Understanding Osteomyelitis: Causes & Care

Osteomyelitis is an infection of the bone that causes inflammation, tissue death, and new bone formation. It is usually caused by staphylococcus bacteria entering through the bloodstream, spreading from nearby tissue, or from direct contamination of an open wound. Symptoms include fever, pain, swelling, and redness near the infected area. Diagnosis involves x-rays, scans, and bone biopsies. Treatment focuses on controlling the infection with antibiotics, immobilizing the area to prevent further injury, and managing pain. Nursing care aims to promote healing through strict asepsis, nutrition, immobilization, pain management, and monitoring for complications.

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Kim Enrico Jumarang
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19 views5 pages

Understanding Osteomyelitis: Causes & Care

Osteomyelitis is an infection of the bone that causes inflammation, tissue death, and new bone formation. It is usually caused by staphylococcus bacteria entering through the bloodstream, spreading from nearby tissue, or from direct contamination of an open wound. Symptoms include fever, pain, swelling, and redness near the infected area. Diagnosis involves x-rays, scans, and bone biopsies. Treatment focuses on controlling the infection with antibiotics, immobilizing the area to prevent further injury, and managing pain. Nursing care aims to promote healing through strict asepsis, nutrition, immobilization, pain management, and monitoring for complications.

Uploaded by

Kim Enrico Jumarang
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

OESTEOMYELITIS

By: Llana, Arnold Jay Jumarang, Kim Enrico M.


NCM104E BSN 601 STI-GLOBAL CITY

To be submitted to: Mr. Peter Agruda

I. Introduction
What is Osteomyelitis? - is an infection in a bone that results in inflammation, necrosis and formation of new bone. - infections can reach a bone by traveling through the bloodstream or spreading from nearby tissue. - osteomyelitis can also begin in the bone itself if an injury exposes the bone to germs.

Causes Most cases of osteomyelitis are caused by staphylococcus bacteria Germs can enter a bone in a variety of ways, including: - Via the bloodstream. Germs in other parts of your body - From a nearby infection. Severe puncture wounds can carry germs deep inside your body. - Direct contamination. This may occur if you have broken a bone so severely that part of it is sticking out through your skin.

Classification Hematogenous ostemyelitis - due to bloodborne spread of infection. Contiguous-focus osteomyelitis - from contamination from bone surgery, open fracture, traumatic injury. Osteomyelitis with vasular insufficiency seen most commonly among patient with diabetes and peripheral vascular disease,most affecting the feet.

Signs & Symptoms Fever or chills Irritability or lethargy in young children Pain in the area of the infection Swelling, warmth and redness over the area of the infection Low back pain swelling of ankles, legs and feet. Sweating due to fever or chills, particularly night sweats. Pain deep within the bone, usually an ache or throbbing sensation. Increased pain when pressure is applied around the area of injury or when the patient is standing, The area adjacent to a fracture or surgery site becomes swollen and inflamed. The skin around the affected area turns red and/or pus drains from the wound

III. Lab Tests

X-ray finding - to demonstrate soft tissue edema. In about 2-3 weeks areas of periosted elevation and bone necrosis are evident. Radioisotope bone scan - particularly the isotope-labeled WBC scan. MRI - Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Using radio waves and a strong magnetic field, MRIs can produce exceptionally detailed images of bones and the soft tissues that surround them. Bone Scan - to identify areas of infection. Bone biopsy - is the gold standard for diagnosing osteomyelitis, because it can also reveal what particular type of germ has infected the bone

IV. Medical Treatment

V. Nursing Diagnosis
acute pain related to inflammation and swelling impaired physical mobility related to pain, immobilization devices and load weight limits Risk for Infection

VI. Nursing Interventions


Focus care on controlling infection, protecting the bone from injury, and providing support. Encourage the patient to verbalize his concerns about his disorder. Encourage the patient to perform as much self-care as his conditions allows. Help the patient identify care techniques and activities that promote rest and relaxation and encourage him to perform them. Use strict aseptic technique when changing dressings and irrigating wounds. Provide a well-balanced diet to promote healing. Support the affected limb with firm pillows. Provide complete cast care. Administer prescribed analgesics for pain. Look for sudden malpositioning of the affected limb, which may indicate fracture. Explain all the test and treatment procedures. Immobilization with a splint the affected area to reduce pain and muscle spasms. Joints above and below the affected area should be made so that still can be moved according to the range yet gently.. Elevate the affected area to reduce swelling and discomfort. Monitor the affected extremity neurovascular status. Do pain management techniques such as massage, distraction, relaxation, hypnosis to reduce pain perception and collaboration with medical for providing analgesic. Protect bones by means of immobilization and avoid stress on the bone because bones become weak due to the infection process.

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