Hydrometeorological Hazards And Its Effect

WEATHERCAUSING PHENOMENA IN THE PHILIPPINES AND ASSOCIATED HAZARDS

THUNDERSTORMS MONSOONS
INTERTROPICAL CONVERGENCE ZONE (ITCZ) TROPICAL CYCLONES

THUNDERSTORMS A FIERY DISPLAY OF NATURE

A look inside a thunderstorm:

The key ingredient that defines a thunderstorm is lightning. Since lightning creates thunder, a storm with lightning is called a thunderstorm.

A typical thunderstorm cloud (called CLOUDS THAT PRODUCE Cumulunimbus, more distinct with its THUNDERSTORMS anvil-shaped cloud top)

12,000 m

9,000 m

6,000 m

3,000 m

A look inside a thunderstorm Thunderstorms come in all shapes and sizes with some cells only a few kilometers in diameter and some forming clusters of storms.

More about thunderstorms

Lightning always precedes thunder because lightning causes thunder and because light travels faster than sound.

HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH

THUNDERSTORMS:

LIGHTNING HEAVY RAIN TORNADO

HAIL (CHUNKS OF ICE)

HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH THUNDERSTORMS:

LIGHTNING

More about thunderstorms A lightning bolt can heat the air it passes through to temperatures as high as 26,000 degrees Celsius.

It is the quick and intense heating of the air that generates shockwaves, which propagate rapidly away from the lightning bolt. These shockwaves become soundwaves as they travel through the air. This is how thunder is produced.

Forked Lightning Crooked lightning bolts discharge from cloud to ground or cloud to air

Sheet Lightning

Clouds, rain blocks forked lightning bolt, but flash illuminates clouds.

Ball Lightning On rare occasions, small glowing balls loops from the cloud, but quickly vanish.

LIGHTNING FACTS:
There are thousands of lightning strikes every day. Scientists think that lightning hits somewhere on the earth about 100 times every second More people are killed by lightning than by any other kind of storm, including hurricanes and tornadoes. Every year, about 100 people are killed by lightning in the United States and also about 100 people in Europe. In the whole world, lightning kills more than 1,000 people in a year, maybe many more. A lot more people are hurt by lightning than are killed by it and many of those who live are hurt very badly.

LIGHTNING SAFETY RULES (OUTDOORS)

Be alert of the signs of the impending storm Get away from trees or tall objects. Stay away from hilltops, benches and open fields and seek shelter in a low lying area such as a ditch or ravine. If you are with other people, spread out.
Stay away from water or wet areas. If you are trapped in an open field and you feel your hair stand on end, lightning is about to strike. Drop to your knees and bend forward putting your hand on your knees. Do not lie flat on the ground.

WHAT TO DO IF THERE IS NO Lightning safety experts have invented SHELTER AND YOU ARE CAUGHT IN A a "lightning safety position" that is very THUNDERSTORM?

important to know if you are caught in a thunder storm and you can't find a shelter. This position looks hard, but it could save your life. There are several reasons for doing it.
It makes you a smaller target. With your heels together, if lightning hits the ground, it goes through the closest foot, up to your heel and then transfers to the other foot and goes back to the ground again. If you don't put your feet together, lightning could go through your heart and kill you. You put your hands over your ears to protect them from thunder.

LIGHTNING SAFETY RULES (INDOORS)

STAY AWAY FROM ELECTRICAL SOCKETS, APPLIANCES, TELEVISION AND TELEPHONES; SHUT-OFF THE MAIN POWER SWITCH. STAY AWAY FROM WINDOWS, WATER FAUCETS, PIPES AND ELECTRICAL OUTLETS.

HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH THUNDERSTORMS:

HEAVY RAINS

HEAVY RAINS (30 MIN TO 0NE HOUR) DURING

THUNDERSTORMS) MAY CAUSE FLASH FLOODS OR FLOODING IN LOW LYING AREAS MAY ALSO CAUSE LANDSLIDES IN MOUNTAIN AREAS

HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH THUNDERSTORMS:

TORNADO

The tornado is nature's most violent wind. These vortices spin up beneath thunderstorms year round and can generate wind speeds near 500 KPH, at times devastating whole communities.
Tornado Whirling winds from the base of the cloud to the ground that forms dark funnelshaped tube with very low atmospheric pressure. Waterspout Originates over water.

HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH THUNDERSTORMS:

Mammatus clouds a precursory sign of an impending tornado

TORNADO

HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH THUNDERSTORMS:

TORNADO
SAMPLE PICTURES OF DAMAGES DUE TO TORNADOES

Hail: Chunks of ice from the sky

Path of hailstone
Strong air currents Ice crystal collides with droplet, which freezes around it

Hailstone is carried around the cloud and coated with more ice

Heavy hailstone falls

Rising air breeds summer ice

INSIDE THE THUNDERSTORM CLOUD

HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH THUNDERSTORMS:

HAIL (CHUNKS OF ICE FROM THE SKY)

COLD FRONT
Occurs when a region of moving cold air mass overtakes a region of moving warm air mass Characterized largely by an increased cloudiness and heavy rains Affects the Philippines from November to February Eastern parts of the country receives most of the associated rainfall

C O L D F R O N T

ALONG THE FRONT, CLOUDS DEVELOP BRINGING RAIN

Cold Air Mass

WARM AIR RISES

COLD AIR SINKS

ITCZ

L
ITCZ

ITCZ

L
ITCZ

ANIMATED SATELLITE PICTURES OF A COLD FRONT (TAIL-END AFFECTING EXTREME NORTHERN LUZON) AND ITCZ AFFECTING SOUTHERN LUZON, VISAYAS AND MINDANAO

SOUTHWEST MONSOON (HABAGAT)

N
W S E

SOUTHWEST MONSOON
Locally known as HABAGAT; affects the country from July to September Very warm and humid Occurs when warm moist air flows over the country from the southwest direction. Characterized by heavy rainfall that may last for a week. Brings rainy season to the western portion of the country.

NORTHEAST MONSOON (AMIHAN)

N W S E

Cold air from Siberia

NORTHEAST MONSOON
Locally known as Amihan, affects the eastern portions of the country from October up to late March Starts over Siberia as a cold, dry air mass but gathers moisture as it travels across the Pacific Ocean before reaching the Eastern Sections of the Philippines Occurs when the cold and intense Asiatic winter Anti-cyclone sends northeasterly winds across the Philippines Characterized by widespread cloudiness with rains and showers

INTERTROPICAL CONVERGENCE ZONE (ITCZ)

HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH INTERTROPICAL CONVERGENCE ZONE (ITCZ)

Showers to heavy rains which may cause flashfloods or floodings Severe thunderstorms Breeding ground of tropical cyclones

TROPICAL CYCLONES
Intense

Low Pressure Systems Winds rotate in a counterclockwise direction Originates from tropical oceans Generally moves westward then polewards

CLASSIFICATION OF TROPICAL CYCLONES IN THE PHILIPPINES TROPICAL DEPRESSION Maximum winds near the center of between 35 and 64 KPH TROPICAL STORM Maximum winds near the center of between 64 KPH and 118 KPH TYPHOON Maximum winds exceed 118 KPH
(Super Typhoon- was conceived by JTWC with max winds of greater than 200 kph near the center)

AREAS OF FORMATION OF TROPICAL CYCLONES AND ANNUAL AVERAGE NUMBER WORLDWIDE

AN AVERAGE OF 100 TROPICAL CYCLONES OCCUR WORLDWIDE; 30 OF WHICH FORM IN THE WESTERN NORTH PACIFIC AREA

TRACKS OF TROPICAL CYCLONES 45-YEAR PERIOD (1951-1995)

Philippines

2 cyclones per year

5 cyclones in 2 yrs

5 cyclones in 3 yrs 3 cyclones in 2 yrs

1 cyclone per year

1 cyclone in 12 yrs

FREQUENCY OF PASSAGE OF TROPICAL CYCLONES BY GEOGRAPHICAL ZONES IN THE PHILIPPINES

CLIMATOLOGICAL TRACKS OF TROPICAL CYCLONES ENTERING THE PAR BY QUARTER

ANNUAL FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF TROPICAL CYCLONES WITHIN THE PHILIPPINE AREA OF RESPONSIBILITY (PAR)
35 30 25

32 27 23 21 21 19 17 15 14 12 24 22 23 23 21 20 17 21 16 20 19 17 19 15 16 19.8 18 17

25

20 15 10 5 0
70

72

74

76

78

80

82

84

86

88

90

92

94

96

Ave

YEAR

MONTHLY AVERAGE FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF TROPICAL CYCLONES IN THE PHILIPPINE AREA OF RESPONSIBILITY
5

3.4 3.4 3.1 2.7 2.3 1.5 0.9 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.4 1.4

JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN

JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC

THE PHILIPPINE AREA OF RESPONSIBILITY [PAR]

27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4

120 25

135

ONCE A TROPICAL CYCLONE IS INSIDE THE

20

25

PAR,

IT IS GIVEN A PHILIPPINE NAME

15

115

135

114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137

NAMING OF TROPICAL CYCLONES IN THE PHILIPPINES

I 2001 2005 2009 2013 AURING BISING CRISING DANTE EMONG FERIA GORIO HUANING ISANG JOLINA KIKO LABUYO MARING NANDO ONDOY PEPENG QUEDAN RAMIL SANTI TINO URDUJA VINTA WILMA YANING ZORAIDA II 2002 2006 2010 2014 AGATON BASYANG CALOY DOMENG ESTER FLORITA GLENDA HENRY INDAY JUAN KATRING LUIS MILENYO NENENG OMPONG PAENG QUEENIE REMING SENIANG TOMAD USMAN VENUS WALDO YAYANG ZENY III 2003 2007 2011 2015 AMANG BEBENG CHEDENG DODONG EGAY FALCON GORING HANNA INENG JUANING KABAYAN LANDO MINA NONOY ONYOK PEDRING QUIEL RAMON SENDONG TISOY URSULA VIRING WENG YOYOY ZIGZAG IV 2004 2008 2012 2016 AMBO BUTCHOY COSME DINDO ENTENG FRANK GENER HELEN IGME JULIAN KAREN LAWIN MARCE NINA OFEL PABLO QUINTA ROLLY SIONY TONYO ULYSSES VICKY WARREN YOYONG ZOSIMO

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W Y Z

OLD NAMES OF TROPICAL CYCLONES

I 1997 2001 2005
A B K D E G H I L M N O P R S T U W Y ATRING BINING KURING DALING ELANG GORING HULING IBIANG LUMING MILING NARSING OPENG PINING RUBING SALING TASING UNDING WALDING YEYENG
ANDING BINANG KADIANG DINANG EPANG GUNDANG

II 1998 2002 2006

AKANG BISING KLARING DELING EMANG GADING HELING ILIANG LOLENG MIDING NORMING OYANG PASING RITANG SUSANG TERING UDING WELING YANING

III 1999 2003 2007

AURING BEBENG KARING DIDING ETANG GENING HELMING ISING LUDING MAMENG NENENG ONIANG PEPANG RENING SENDANG TRINING ULDING WARLING YAYANG

IV 2000 2004 2008 ASIANG BIRING KONSING DITANG EDENG GLORING HUANING ISANG LUSING MARING NINGNING OSANG PARING REMING SENIANG TOYANG ULPIANG WELPRING YERLING
APIANG BASIANG KAYANG DORANG ENANG GRASING

AUXILLIARY LIST ANING ADING BIDANG BARANG KATRING KRISING DELANG DADANG ESANG ERLING GARDING GOYING

YEAR NAME AREAS DAMAGES DISASTROUS TYPHOONS AFFECTED ( Billions ) IN TERMS OF DAMAGES 1990 T. RUPING Central Visayas 10.85 1995 T. ROSING Southern Luzon 9.30 (MORE THAN ONE 1993 T. KADIANG Central Luzon 8.75 1988 T. UNSANG Southern Luzon 5.64 BILLION PESOS) 1984 T. NITANG Northeastern Mindanao/ 1991 1995 1988 1993 1985 1992 1987 1984 1990 1994 1989 1989 1992 1980 1993 1995 1987 Visayas T. TRINING Northern Luzon T. MAMENG Visayas T. YONING Visayas T. MONANG Southern Luzon T. SALING Central Luzon T. MARING Northern Luzon T. HERMING Northern Visayas T. UNDANG Eastern Visayas T. ILIANG Luzon T. KATRING Luzon T. SALING Southern Luzon T. GORING Northern Luzon T. GLORING Eastern Luzon T. ARING Central Luzon T. PURING Southern Visayas T. PEPANG Visayas T. SISANG Southern Luzon 3.91 3.47 2.80 2.75 2.34 2.18 2.16 2.06 1.54 1.50 1.43 1.39 1.36 1.35 1.34 1.33 1.20 1.12

YEAR NAME AREAS DISASTROUS TYPHOONS AFFECTED IN TERMS OF DEATHS 1991 T. URING Eastern Visayas 1995 1984 T. ROSING T. NITANG Southern Luzon Southern Visayas/ Northern Mindanao T. UNDANG Visayas T. SISANG Southern Luzon T. RUPING Cntral Visayas T. MONANG Southerm Luzon T. PEPANG Visayas T. YONING Visayas T. DINANG Southern Luzon T. UNSANG Southern Luzon T. PURING Southern Visayas T. KADIANG Central Luzon T. MAMENG Visayas T. BISING Visayas T. GADING Northern Luzon T. ARING Central Luzon T. WELING Northern Luzon T. GORING Northern Luzon T. SALING Southern Luzon

DEATHS 5,101 (REMEMBER?) 936 900 895 808 508 272 265 217 188 157 157 126 116 112 106 103 96 90 88

1984 1987 1990 1993 1995 1988 1981 1988 1993 1993 1995 1982 1986 1980 1982 1989 1989

HAZARDS DUE TO TROPICAL CYCLONES:

STRONG WINDS FLOODS/HEAVY RAINS STORM SURGES LANDSLIDES MUDFLOW

HOW TYPHOONS CREATE KILLER STORM SURGES

AT COASTAL AREAS, THE STORM SURGE PHENOMENON CAUSES A GREAT PORTION OF THE DAMAGE DUE TO TYPHOONS!!!

PUBLIC STORM WARNING SIGNALS

Public Storm Warning Signal Number A tropical cyclone may threaten or affect the locality. Winds of not more than 60 KPH may be expected in at least 36 hours.
What to do?

Keep listening to your radio for more information

or updates about the weather disturbance.

Prepare flashlights, batteries, matches, kerosene

lamps or candles and charcoal in anticipation of power failure - check the capacity of the house to withstand strong winds and strengthen the house if necessary.

PUBLIC STORM WARNING SIGNAL

NO. 1

PUBLIC STORM WARNING SIGNALS Public Storm Warning Signal Number A tropical cyclone may threaten the locality. Winds between 60-100 kph may be expected in at least 24 hours.
What to do?

Board up windows or put storm shutters in place. Board up windows - making use of good lumber
which are securely fastened. Store drinking water in covered containers as water supply may be cut-off. Children are advised to stay indoors. Stay at home!!! Keep posted for updates from your radio.

PUBLIC STORM WARNING SIGNAL

NO. 2

PUBLIC STORM WARNING SIGNALS Public Storm Warning Signal Number A tropical cyclone will affect the locality. Winds of 100 - 185 Kph may be expected in at least 18 hours.
What to do?

Keep your radio on and listen to the latest news

about the tropical cyclone.

Everybody is advised to stay indoors. If the house is not strong enough to

withstand the battering of strong winds go to designated evacuation center or seek shelter in stronger building and stay there until the typhoon has passed.

PUBLIC STORM WARNING SIGNAL

NO. 3

PUBLIC STORM WARNING SIGNALS Public Storm Warning Signal Number

A very strong typhoon will affect the locality. Very strong winds of more than 185 kph may be expected in at least 12 hours.
What to do?

Stay in safe houses or evacuation centers!!

PUBLIC STORM WARNING SIGNAL

NO. 4

TO SUMMARIZE,

PSWSNO. NO.1 2 3 4 PSWS

WINDS TO 185 100KPH KPH EXPECTED EXPECTED IN IN AT AT LEAST LEAST 24 WINDS OF OF UP MORE THAN 185 KPH EXPECTED IN AT 18 LEAST 12 HOURS HOURS WINDS OF UP TO 60 KPH EXPECTED IN AT LEAST 36 HOURS

BENEFICIAL EFFECTS OF TROPICAL CYCLONES ?

YES !

Rainfall increases groundwater and the

water levels of dams that provide drinking water, irrigation water and power generation.

Rains mean water for plants.

About 50% of our water supply comes from rainfall brought by tropical cyclones.

Decreases the level of pollutants.

PRECURSORY SIGNS of a Tropical Cyclone.

EGS Aug/02

1. Blood-red coloration of the skies during sunset or sunrise

EGS Aug/02

2. Halo and/or Corona Phenomenon

EGS Aug/02

3. Consistent Northwestern Wind Direction

EGS Aug/02

4. Periodic Arrival of Swells on the Shore.

EGS Aug/02

5.

Persistent Convergence of Cirrus Clouds at One Point in the Horizon.

EGS Aug/02

The End
Thank you!