Swami Keshvanand Institute of Technology, Management & Gramothan, Jaipur Department of Mechanical Engineering MANUAL OF PROJECT WORK

1. INTRODUCTION
Project work is a purposeful activity planned, designed and performed by students alone or in a group for helping an individual or group to accomplish higher-level abilities. Every project work has a specific time frame in which it has to be completed. Usually project work to be done in final year engineering class, is a group activity. Project preferably should not have a single solution. In a project, in the process of arriving at a particular solution, student group will have to make a number of decisions after studying all the alternatives. Decisions will be based on information gathered or accumulated from experiments, analysis, surveys, etc. The project work can involve locating suitable literature like technical papers, data books, instructional manuals and service manuals; and conducting experiments and other work in different laboratories, workshop and sometimes even in the field outside the laboratory.

2. OBJECTIVES OF PROJECT WORK

Students will be able to 1. Show an attitude of enquiry. 2. Demonstrate initiative, confidence and ability to tackle new problems. 3. Demonstrate creativity. 4. Demonstrate ability to undertake exciting and challenging tasks.

5. Demonstrate skill of interdisciplinary team formation for task accomplishment. 6. Demonstrate an ability to work in a team and lead a team. 7. Integrate, reinforce and apply the knowledge and skills acquired during classroom and laboratory work in various courses. 8. Use library and online resources. 9. Use other existing resources in the surroundings (persons, industry, laboratory etc.) 10. Keep proper records of design, experimentation, events, discussions and meetings. 11. Demonstrate planning, designing, decision making, experimentation, implementation and analytical skills related to project work. 12. Demonstrate oral presentation skills. 13. Demonstrate written presentation skills according to prescribed guidelines. 14. Demonstrate an ability to accomplish tasks within the specified time frame.

3. MAPPING OF PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES (PEOs) & OBJECTIVES OF PROJECT WORK

[Link]. (Mechanical Engineering) degree program at SKIT will produce graduates who will be: S. No. I. II. III. Objectives of project work 1 to 14 1 to 14 5, 6, 9 (Depending upon the subject matter of project, this PEO may be further satisfied.)

Program Educational Objectives (PEOs) Suitable for employment, venturing own business enterprise or pursuing higher studies. Capable mechanical engineers with the requisite knowledge, skills and attitudes. Responsible citizens, competent leaders, good team workers, good human beings and ethical engineers.

4. MAPPING OF PROGRAM OUTCOMES (POs) & OBJECTIVES OF PROJECT WORK

[Link]. (Mechanical Engineering) degree program at SKIT would demonstrate that graduates attain the following outcomes: Program Outcomes (POs) (a) An ability to apply knowledge of mathematics, science, and engineering. (b)An ability to design and conduct experiments, as well as to analyze and interpret data. (c) An ability to design a system, component, or process to meet desired needs within realistic constraints such as economic, environmental, social, political, ethical, health and safety, manufacturability, and sustainability. (d) An ability to function on multidisciplinary teams, (e) An ability to identify, formulate, and solve engineering problems, (f)An understanding of professional and ethical responsibility. (g) An ability to communicate effectively. (h) The broad education necessary to understand the impact of engineering solutions in a global, economic, environmental, and societal context. (i) A recognition of the need for, and an ability to engage in life-long learning, Objectives of project work 7,8,9 7,8,9,10, 11 1,2,3,4,7,8, 9,10, 11 5,6 1,2,3,4,7,8, 9,10, 11 2,4.10,12, 13,14 12,13 2,4 (If socially relevant projects are undertaken) 8,9 2,4 (If socially relevant projects related to contemporary issues are undertaken) 4,11 10,11,14 9

(j) A knowledge of contemporary issues.

(k) An ability to use the techniques, skills, and modern engineering tools necessary for engineering practice. (k)An understanding of quality management, project management, entrepreneurship and safety engineering. (l) An understanding of nuclear power plants (n) A knowledge of institutions / organizations/ companies related to mechanical engineering in surrounding areas.

5. Student and Teacher Roles in Project Work

Project work is a highly student-centred experience, requiring students active participation. Students will have sufficient freedom to take decisions on their own. Teachers role will be that of a guide and facilitator so that students are able to complete the work in the stipulated time frame. Students are required to meet their project supervisor at least once a week with their project diary. Project diary must have record of what the group has done between the last meeting and the present meeting. Students are required to get initials of their project supervisor every week in this diary. During the meeting with the project supervisor, students can discuss any issues related with the project work.

6. TYPES OF PROJECTS
Students can choose different types of projects from their own interest area or an inter-disciplinary area. Some of the possible project types are:(a) Design (b) Design and make (c) Design, make, test, evaluate and use (d) Investigation (e) Experimental work for finding new relationships between a range of variables (f) Improving existing equipment or rigging up new equipment (g) Feasibility study (h) Survey (i) Fieldwork (j) Comparative study (k) Solving specific problem (l) Industry-specific, community-related or rural development related problem (m) Design, development and testing of multi-media packages, training packages, etc. It is not necessary that the project students have in mind fits in one of the above types. It may have characteristics of many of the above types.
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With the availability of full-fledged laboratories in the various areas in the department, including CAD and CAM laboratories, and enhanced machining facilities in the workshop, it should be possible for students to choose good projects. Some project ideas are included here. No feasibility study has been done for any of these project ideas.

Guidelines for Preparation of Project Report

The following text describes some useful guidelines for students of the Department of Mechanical Engineering of SKIT, Jaipur for submitting their VIII Semester Project Report. These guidelines have been prepared to serve as a common format for all the students in the department. The format being given matches with the format used in the other departments of SKIT, except in Chapter details, due to the nature of Mechanical Engineering projects. The various facets covered in these guidelines are as follows: 1) Cover Page 2) Title Page 3) Certificate 4) Acknowledgment 5) Abstract 6) Contents 7) List of Figures 8) List of Tables 9) Symbols /Abbreviations/ Nomenclature 10) Chapters 11) References 12) Bibliography 13) Appendices 14) Additional points concerning report (1) COVER PAGE: On the very top of the cover page, a heading line should appear which reads as: A Project Report on------- (Font TNR16). It should be followed by title of the project, which may occupy 2 or 3 lines, but should be perfectly centered on the page. After this the following text should appear (Font Italics-12). Submitted in partial fulfillment of Bachelor of Technology degree in... of the Rajasthan Technical University , Kota. Below this institute logo has to appear. Below the logo the following line should appear: (Font TNR 12) Academic Session -------(say 2012-2013) Below this the following text should appear (Font TNR 14) Supervisor: Submitted By: (Name and Designation (Name of Students) of project guide) At the very bottom of the cover page, the following text should appear (Font-TNR 16) (Name of the Department) Department of Mechanical Engineering Swami Keshvanand Institute of Technology,
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Management & Gramothan, Jaipur. This completes the design of the cover page (See Annexure 1). (2) TITLE PAGE It should be exactly same as the cover page. (3) CERTIFICATE (The title should be in Font TNR 16, while the text should be Font TNR 14. This is to certify that the project report entitled __________________________________ has been submitted by us for fulfillment of the partial requirement of [Link]. Degree in------(Branch name). The work contained in this report is carried out by us under the guidance of Prof/Dr./Mr./Ms and under the coordination of Prof/Dr./Mr./Ms. Supervisor Project Coordinator Name & Signature Name & Signature Names of students Signature

(4) ACKNOWLEDGMENT (The title should be in Font TNR 14, while the text should be in Font TNR 12.) The name of Project Guide, Project Coordinator, and Project Title may be bold- faced. Management (Director & Principal) & HOD should be given thanks for providing facilities to carry out the project. Others (external and internal to the Institute) who have helped/assisted/provided resources must also be thanked. At the bottom, the names of students should appear in Font TNR 12 bold-faced. (5) ABSTRACT (The title should be in Font TNR 14, while the text should be in Font TNR 12.) A concise summary not exceeding 1 page should be included under this heading. This should summarize the entire project, important results and achievements of the project. Its purpose is to enable readers to decide whether the full report will be of interest to them. Everything important that you have done, and concluded should be mentioned, but briefly and concisely. The abstract and the report should be capable of being read independently. Do not treat the abstract as part of the introduction. (6) CONTENTS (The title should be in Font TNR 14, while the text should be in Font TNR 12.) This must include titles of chapters, section and sub-section headings and page numbers. The various chapters should be numbered as 1,2, etc. On the right hand side, page no. should be given. Counting for page numbers has to start from the title page (not cover page), although page
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number is not to be written on the title page. In contents; all headings, except title and contents have to be mentioned, although title and contents pages are to be counted. Initial pages i.e. before the actual chapters begin, have to be in small Roman numerals e.g., (i), (ii), (iii), etc. Later pages have to be numbered 1.2.3, etc. All pages in the report have to be numbered. The various chapter headings in the contents should be bold-faced but the various sections and sub-sections should not use boldface. This Font should be Arial 12. (Refer to Annexure 2 for an example.) (7) LIST OF FIGURES (The title should be in Font TNR 14, while the text should be in Font TNR 12.) All figures, including photographs, must have a number and title, and these should be listed with page numbers under this heading. Title of the figure in the main body of the report has to be on the bottom side of the figure. (8) LIST OF TABLES (The title should be in Font TNR 14, while the text should be in Font TNR 12.) All tables in the report must have a number and title, and these have to be listed with page numbers under this heading. Title of the table in the main body of the report has to be on the topside of the table. (9) SYMBOLS / ABBREVIATIONS / NOMENCLATURE (The title should be in Font TNR 14, while the text should be Font TNR 12.) If you are using any symbols and/or abbreviations in your report, these have to be listed here. You have to give full form of the symbol and abbreviation in the report, when that abbreviation occurs in the report first time. See any standard textbook to see how symbols are listed (e.g. Fundamentals of Thermodynamics by Sonntag, Borgnakke & Van Wylen). (10) CHAPTERS (The titles should be in Font TNR 14, while the text should be Font TNR 12.) The various chapters in the report will depend upon the nature of the project. The possible types of projects are as given below. A project may be classified under various types.
(m) Design (n) Design and make (o) Design, make, test, evaluate and use (p) Investigation (q) Experimental work for finding new relationships between a range of variables (r) Improving existing equipment or rigging up new equipment (s) Feasibility study (t) Survey (u) Fieldwork (v) Comparative study (w) Solving specific problem 8

(x) Industry-specific, community-related or rural development related problem (y) Design, development and testing of multi-media packages, training packages, etc.

Following chapters are expected to be in the project reports of almost all types of projects. CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE CHAPTER 3 DESIGN PROCEDURE CHAPTER (Last - 2) RESULTS CHAPTER (Last -1) DISCUSSION OF RESULTS AND / OR CONCLUSIONS CHAPTER (Last) FUTURE SCOPE OF WORK Other possible chapters depending on the nature of work are:CHAPTER 4 (PROJECT) DESIGN OF MACHINE/ SYSTEM/ EQUIPMENT/ APPARATUS/ SET-UP/ INSTRUMENTATION/ INVESTIGATION/ EXPERIMENTATION/ FEASIBILITY STUDY/ SURVEY WORK/ FIELD STUDY/ (COMPUTER) PROGRAM ETC. CHAPTER 5FABRICATION/ MANUFACTURE (If any) CHAPTER 6 EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE/ METHODOLOGY (If any) INTRODUCTION In this chapter, you are required to briefly introduce your project problem, what has been done earlier, and what you intend to do. REVIEW OF LITERATURE In this chapter, you are expected to show how your work fits in with what has been done earlier by others. You must cite all sources of information used or referred by you. Guidelines for citation are given under References. DESIGN PROCEDURE In this chapter, you are expected to describe the design aspects of whatever you are concerned in the project. You might have designed something new or modified something existing; you are required to justify whatever you have done. The rationale behind the design must be explained. Design is always a matter of compromise. You should make it clear what alternatives you considered and why. Drawings, sketches, etc. may be necessary. Bill of material needs to be included, if required in the project. Design procedure must include Identification of need Idea Generation Concept Selection finalization of design
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Drawing

FABRICATION/ MANUFACTURE If something has been fabricated or manufactured, you are required to give complete details of manufacture / fabrication etc. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE/ METHODOLOGY You are expected to describe the methodology of any data acquisition or experimental procedure. If necessary, you will have to justify the various steps in the methodology. RESULTS Results from the investigation or the present work have to be presented here. These may be in tables and / or graphs. Detailed observations, sample calculations etc. are to be presented in separate Appendices. DISCUSSION OF RESULTS AND / OR CONCLUSIONS Results obtained are to be discussed and conclusions drawn from these in this chapter. This should summarize all the major results achieved in the project and also provide analysis of the various results. Conclusions should be properly summarized and various findings of the project should be reported clearly. Remember that this section well written alone specifies the depth reached in the project work. If the desired results are not obtained, the detailed analysis of the limiting factors responsible should be carried out. FUTURE SCOPE OF WORK What is the future scope of the work you have done? Any suggestions for this may be written under this heading. (11) REFERENCES (The title should be in Font TNR 14, while the text should be Font TNR 12.) References to sources for the material referred are to be listed together under this heading. The various sources may be journal articles, conference papers, magazine articles, newspaper articles, thesis, project reports, books, monographs, company manuals, internet sites, personal communication, etc. Citations in the text: Within the text of the project report, references are to be cited in numerical order according to their order of appearance in the text. The number with the name(s) of authors is enclosed in brackets. For example, It is stated by Banthiya [2] that the________.

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In the case of two references by the same author, the numbers are separated by a comma e.g. Banthiya [1,2]. In case of more than two references by the same author, the numbers are separated by a dash e.g. Banthiya [1-4]. When there are two authors, both are mentioned in the text. e.g. Banthiya & Afzal [2]. When there are more than two authors, et al. is used in the text. However, in the list of references, all authors are mentioned e.g. Sonntag et al. [5] Referencing:
Each reference should include the last name of each author followed by his initials. Following guidelines may be followed for different types of referencing. (a) Reference to journal articles and papers in serial publications should include: last name of each author followed by their initials year of publication

full title of the cited article in quotes, title capitalization

full name of the publication in which it appears

volume number (if any) in boldface (Do not include the abbreviation, "Vol.")
issue number (if any) in parentheses (Do not include the abbreviation, No.) inclusive page numbers of the cited article (include pp.)

Examples: [1] Banthiya, N.K., and Afzal, N., 1980, Forced Convection over a Semi-infinite Flat Plate, Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences (Mathematical Sciences), 89 (2), pp. 113123

[2] Banthiya, N.K., and Afzal, N., 1981, Mixed Convection Over a Semi-infinite Horizontal Plate, Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics (ZAMP), 31, pp. 646-652
[3] Singh, A.P., and Banthiya, N.K., 1976, Transition Boiling of Water by Transient Technique, Indian Journal of Technology, 14, pp. 623-625 (b) Reference to individual conference papers, papers in compiled conference proceedings, or any other collection of works by numerous authors should include: last name of each author followed by their initials year of publication 11

full title of the cited paper in quotes, title capitalization individual paper number (if any) full title of the publication in italics initials followed by last name of editors (if any), followed by the abbreviation, eds. publisher, city of publication volume number (if any) in boldface if a single number, include, Vol. if part of larger identifier (e.g., PVP-Vol. 254) inclusive page numbers of the work being cited (include pp.)

Examples: [4] Lee, Y., Korpela, S. A., and Horne, R. N., 1982, Structure of Multi-Cellular Natural Convection in a Tall Vertical Annulus, Proceedings of 7th International Heat Transfer Conference, U. Grigul et al., eds., Hemisphere, Washington, DC, 2, pp. 221226. [5] Hashish, M., 2000, 600 MPa Waterjet Technology Development, High Pressure Technology, PVP-Vol. 406, pp. 135-140. [6] Banthiya N.K.,1985, Engineering Education in 2000's -Curricula Change, Proceedings of XV Convention of Indian Society for Technical Education, Trivandrum,

India [7] Banthiya N.K., 1987, Technical Teacher Training in the Western Region of India,
World Yearbook of Education 1987: Vocational Education, [Link] et al., eds., Kogan Page, New York, pp.206-221

[8] Banthiya N.K., 1997, Distance Education for Technical Education in India, World Conference of International Council for Distance Education at Pennsylvania State University, pp. 1-24
(c) Reference to project reports, theses and technical reports should include: last name of each author followed by their initials year of publication full title in quotes, title capitalization report number (if any) publisher or institution name, city

Examples: [9] Banthiya, N.K., 1975, Convection and its Interaction with Radiation for a Semi -Infinite 12

Plate, Ph.D. Thesis, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India. [10] Singh, A.P., 1973, Study of Transition and Film Boiling of Water by Transient Technique, [Link]. (Mechanical Engineering) Thesis, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, India. [11] Kwon, O. K., and Pletcher, R. H., 1981, Prediction of the Incompressible Flow Over A Rearward-Facing Step, Technical Report No. HTL-26, CFD-4, Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA. (d) Reference to textbooks and monographs should include: last name of each author followed by their initials year of publication full title of the publication in italics publisher, city of publication edition number inclusive page numbers of the work being cited (include pp.) chapter number (if any) at the end of the citation following the abbreviation, Chap.

[12]Sonntag, R.E., Borgnakke, B. and Van Wylen, G.J., 2003, Fundamentals of Thermodynamics, Sixth Edition, John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Private Ltd., Singapore, pp.343-381, Chap. 10. [13] Banthiya N.K.,1983, A Case Study of Selection Tests, Technical Teachers' Training Institute, Bhopal, India. (e) Company Manuals, company reports, etc. when cited must give the maximum information available on the document being referred. Usually such documents may not have author name and publication year. In that case, information about when the document was received, where it was available and when you referred to it may be given.) [14] Pitot Static Tube: Instruction Manual, K. C. Engineers, Ambala Cantt , (Available with Department of Mechanical Engineering, Swami Keshvanand Institutte of Technology, Jaipur, Received July 2004, Referred March 2007) [15] Measuring Instruments Catalog : Mitutoyo Catalog No. E2004, V-Anvil Micrometers, pp. 104-105, Mitutoyo Corporation, Kangawa, Japan (Available with Department of Mechanical Engineering, Swami Keshvanand Institutte of Technology, Jaipur, Received July 2004, Referred March 2007)

(f) Web references should contain the following information:

name of each author as on the document (if available) title of document in quotation marks 13

 full title of complete work from which the document has been taken (if relevant), in italics date of publication or last revision (if available) URL, in angle brackets Date of access, in parentheses Examples:

Personal site
[1] Joseph Pellegrino, "Homepage," 12 May 1999, <[Link] (12 June 1999).

Professional site
[2] Gail Mortimer, The William Faulkner Society Home Page, 16 September 1999, <[Link] (19 November 1997). [3] National Association of Investors Corporation, NAIC Online, 20 September 1999, <[Link] (1 October 1999).

Book An online book may be the electronic text of part or all of the printed book, or a book-length document available only on the Internet (e.g., a work of hyperfiction).
[4] Peter J. Bryant, "The Age of Mammals," in Biodiversity and Conservation April 1999, < [Link] (11 May 1999).

Article in an electronic journal (ejournal)

[5] Tonya Browning, "Embedded Visuals: Student Design in Web Spaces," Kairos: A Journal for Teachers of Writing in Webbed Environments 3, no. 1 (1997),<[Link] (21 October 1999). Article in an electronic magazine (ezine) [6] Nathan Myhrvold, "Confessions of a Cybershaman," Slate, 12 June 1997, <[Link] (19 October 1997). Newspaper article [7] Christopher Wren, "A Body on Mt. Everest, a Mystery Half-Solved," New York Times on the Web, 5 May 1999, <[Link] %7Eon%7Emt.%7Eeverest%22> (13 May 1999).

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Review
[8] Michael Parfit, review of The Climb: Tragic Ambitions on Everest, by Anatoli Boukreev and G. Weston DeWalt, New York Times on the Web, 7 December 1997, <[Link]

Government publication
[9] George Bush, "Principles of Ethical Conduct for Government Officers and Employees," Executive Order 12674, 12 April 1989, pt. 1, <[Link] (30 October 1997). (12) BIBLIOGRAPHY Usually it may not be necessary to give bibliography, because references will contain all those citations which have been used by you directly. However, if you want to include all those references which are not directly referred but will be useful for any reader of your project report, you may include those references under this heading. (13) APPENDICES

Many details or mathematical derivation, chips details, machine details, system details etc which may be important but may not be necessary at first reading, may be added in appendices later. (14) ADDITIONAL POINTS Some additional points about report writing are as follows: 1. Margins for text: The following margins may serve as general guideline for report writing : Right Margin(25mm),Left Margin(25mm),Top Margin(25mm) Bottom Margin(35mm).Text typing be in single spacing(Font Arial 12). 2. Numbering: It is to be clearly noted that all pages in the report should be properly numbered and the same are specified in the contents. Cover page and certificate page should be counted but should not be numbered. Pages from cover page to resume should be numbered i,ii,[Link] etc. From chapter 1 onwards pages should be numbered 1,2,3,4 etc. Numbering of sections, subsections in each chapter be done as follows: For example sections in Chapter 2 should be numbered 2.1,2.2 etc and subsection like 2.1.1,2.1.2 etc. The figures for example appearing under section 2.1 should be numbered Fig.2.1.1,Fig 2.1.2etc. The tables for example should be numbered like Table 2.1.1,Table 2.1.2 etc. The equation for example appear in Chapter 4, section 5 should be numbered Eq. 4.5.1, Eq, 4.5.2 etc. Diagrams should be either computer printed or drawn in black ink.
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(3) Diagrams should be placed side by side of the text where it is referred and not in the end.
3. Printing and Binding of report: Each group has to provide three hard bound copies of the report one for the Library, second for the department and the third for the project Coordinator along with soft copy of write up. The Report must be bound using Black colour cover with Golden colour embossing.

Each chapter should be started afresh from the next page. Report should be printed only on one side.

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ANNEXURE 1 COVER PAGE:Times new roman, Font 14 (bold or itallic as following)

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ANNEXURE 2

CONTENTS
PAGE NO.

Certificate

(ii)

Acknowledgement

(iii)

Abstract

(iv)

List of Figures

(viii)

List of Tables

(ix)

Abbreviations

(x)

1. Introduction 1.1 etc. 2. Review of Literature 3. Design of System etc.. 4. Fabrication/ Manufacture etc. 5. Experimental Procedure etc. 6. Results
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7. Conclusions 8. Future Scope of Work References Bibliography APPENDICES Appendix etc.

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Internal Marking Scheme Project Stage-I

S. No. Activity 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Finalization of Group Short-listing of Project Ideas Finalization of Project Topic Write up of Project Idea, Working Principle & feasibility Literature Survey Bill of Materials Tentative Bill of Materials Final Budget making and approval Progress of Project work Percentage Marks 5% 10% 15% 15% 20% 5% 5% 10% 15%

NOTICE Prepare your backup for activity 2, and 3 above. We would like to see your brainstorming session, concept selection exercise using concept screening and concept scoring at least (what are the criteria used for selection of your concept, and how do they affect your selection). Criteria 1. Feasibility - Technical - Time limit - Financial 2. Manufacturability 3. Esthetics/demonstrating/visibility 4. Addition in laboratory resources 5. Novelty

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Marking Scheme Project Stage-II

Internal Assessment ( 120 Marks)
Attendance (10 Marks ) Daily Diary (10 Marks ) Meeting with HOD (10 Marks ) Technical Paper (10 Marks ) Continuous Working and Meeting with Guide (50 Marks) Based on daily diary and report of supervisor Draft Report (10 Marks) Project Report (20 Marks)

External(80 Marks)
Project Concept/ Working/ Submission/ Quiz (50 Marks) Based on overall project work and quiz Viva Voce (20 Marks) Other achievement / Societal benefits (10 Marks)

Continuous working throughout the semester

Maintaining Diary and regularly checking of diary

Explaination of the project work

Publication of project work in SKIT Research Journal or any other Journal

Submission of Draft project report fulfilling project report guidelines on time

Submission of final project report fulfilling project report guidelines

Based on questions asked by external examiner

Any award/reward/ Appreciation etc.

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