DESIGN OF RAFT:

Assumed thickness of raft

Width of pier
Width of abutment
Clear distance between vents
Equivalent length of pier
Projection on either side of the raft
No of Vents
No of piers

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

500
0
1000
8980
0
750
1 Nos
0 Nos

Total length of the raft

= ( 2 x
( 2 x
= 12480

mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm

1000 )
750
)
mm

+ (

+ (

As per IRC: 21-2000, clause 304.3.2, minimum clear cover is 75 mm

Clear cover
Dia of main reinforcement bar
Effective depth

=
=
=
=

75
16
500
417

Grade of concrete
Grade of steel

= M 25
= Fe 415

mm
mm
- 75
mm

As per IRC: 21-2000,clause 303.1, from tables 9, permissible flexural compressive ( cbc ) for
M 25 grade concrete

= 8.33

N/mm2

As per IRC: 21-2000,clause 303.1, from tables 10, permissible stress ( st ) for
Fe 415 grade steel

= 200

N/mm2

As per IRC: 21-2000, from clause 303.1 for calculating stresses in section, a modular ratio ( E s /E c ) of 10
may be adopted
m

= 10

= st
/
= 200
/
= 24.01

cbc
8.33

= m / (
= 10
/
= 0.294

m + r
( 10

= 1 - k /
= 1 - 0.29
= 0.902
= ( 1 /
= ( 1 /
= 1.105

2
2

)
+ 24.010

3
/

)
)

x
x

cbc x
8.33 x

k x
0.29

j
x

Loads coming on to raft

Load from abutment per meter run

= 30.90

0.90

8980 )

Moment from abutment per meter run

= 136.35

t-m

(Earth Moment + BF + FF)

Moment from abutment per meter run

= 92.06

t-m

(Earth Moment - BF - FF)

Load from pier per meter run (without buoyancy)

= 0.00
= 0.00

/
t

Moment from pier per meter run (without buoyancy)

= 0.00
= 0.00

/ 0.00
t-m

Load from pier per meter run (with buoyancy)

= 0.00
= 0.00

/
t

Moment from pier per meter run (with buoyancy)

= 0.00
= 0.00

/ 0.00
t-m

Self weight of raft without buoyancy

= 0.500
= 1.25

1 x
t/m

2.5

Self weight of raft with buoyancy

= 0.500
= 0.75

1 x
t/m

1.5

Height of soil on abutment on rear side

= 7.53 m

Weight of soil acting on the projections of raft

= 7.53
= 15.80

1 x
t/m

2.1

Depth of water in canal

= 1.92 m

Weight of water per meter run

= 1.92
= 1.92

1.0
t/m

0.00

0.00

Stress on soil at the base of the raft (when canal is empty)

30.90

0.00

0.00

30.90

15.80

15.80
#####

0.75

1.00

8.98

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

92.06

0.00

1.00

0.75

12.48

Total weight on soil underneath the raft

= ( 2 x
( 2 x
= 101.10

30.90 )
15.80 x
t

Upward pressure on raft due to soil

= 101.10
= 8.10

/ 12.48
t/m2

C.G. of load system from 'A'

= ( 15.80
0.00 x
30.90 x
1.25 x

x 0.75
10.73 +
11.23 12.48 x

+ (
0.75

2
)

x 0.375
0.00
+
92.06 +
6.24
)

0.00

+ 1.25

12.48 +

+ 30.90 x 1.25 + ##### +

0.00 x 10.73 + 0.00 +
15.80 x 0.75 x 12.11 +
/ 101.10

= ( 4.44
0.00
97.34

+ 38.63 + 136.35 + 0.00

+ 0.00
+
347.01
) / 101.10

+ 0.00 +
92.06 + 143.47

= 675.18
= 6.68

/ 101.10
m

Eccentricity ( e )

= 12.48 /
= 0.438

2 m

Pmax

= ( 101.104 /
= 9.81
t/m2

12.48 ) x (

+ 6

0.44

12.48 )

Pmin

= ( 101.104 /
= 6.40
t/m2

12.48 ) x (

0.44

12.48 )

6.68

Net upward stresses on raft due to soil

Pmax

= 9.81
= 8.56

- 1.25
t/m2

Pmin

= 6.40
= 5.15

- 1.25
t/m2

Stress on soil at base of the raft (when canal is full)

30.90

0.00

0.00

15.80
#####

0.75

30.90

1.92

1.00

8.98

15.80

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

92.06

0.00

1.00

0.75

12.48

Total weight on soil underneath the raft

= ( 2 x
( 2 x
= 112.11

30.90 )
15.80 x
t

+ (
0.75

0
)

Upward pressure on raft due to soil

= 112.11
= 8.98

/ 12.48
t/m2

C.G. of load system from 'A'

= ( 15.80
0.00 x
30.90 x
0.75 x
1.92 x
1.92 x

x 0.75
10.73 +
11.23 12.48 x
0.00 x
0.00 x

= ( 4.44
0.00
58.41

+ 38.63 + 136.35 + 0.00

+ 0.00 +
+ 0.00 + 347.01
- 92.06 + 143.47
+
+ ##### + 0.00
+ 0.00
) / 112.11

x 0.375
0.00
+
92.06 +
6.24
+
10.73 +
10.73 )

x 0.00 )
+ ( 1.92

+ 30.90
0.00 x
15.80 x
1.92 x
/

+ 0.75
x 1 x

x 1.25
10.73 +
0.75 x
8.98 x

x 12.48 +
8.98 )

+ ##### +
0.00 +
12.11 +
6.24 +

112.11

= 743.83
= 6.64

/ 112.11
m

Eccentricity ( e )

= 12.48 /
= 0.395

2 m

Pmax

= ( 112.11
/
= 10.69
t/m2

12.48 ) x (

+ 6

0.395

12.48 )

Pmin

= ( 112.11
/
= 7.28
t/m2

12.48 ) x (

0.395

12.48 )

6.64

Net upward stresses on raft due to soil

Pmax

= 10.69 - 0.75
= 9.94 t/m2

Pmin

= 7.28
= 6.53

- 0.75
t/m2

Bending moment calculations

Net upword pressures beneath the raft are maximum in canal full condition, for calculation of bending moment at
different sections following loading diagram is considered.
30.90

0.00

0.00

15.80

30.90

1.92
#####

0.75

X
8.98

1.00

15.80

0.00

0.00

Y
0.00

0.00

92.06

Z
0.00

0.00

1.00

0.75

12.48
A

9.94

9.73

9.46

9.46

9.46

9.46

9.46

9.46

9.46

9.46

8.23

7.01

6.73

6.53

0.273

0.75

Sign convention adopted

Clock wise moment
Anti clock wise moment

Negitive ( sagging )
Positive ( hogging )

Bending moment at ' B ' = - 6.53 x

+ 15.80 x
= - 1.84
= 2.59

0.75
0.75
-

t-m

x
x

0.019

0.38
0.38

+ 4.44

0.21

0.25

Bending moment at ' C ' = - 6.53 x

+ 15.80 x
= - 9.99
= -114.84

1.75
0.75
-

0.88
1.38

0.24

6.24
0.75
4.49

= - 127.07
= -31.43
t-m

+ 16.30

1.75
0.50

x
x
x

3.12
5.87
2.25

11.07

- ( 1 /
+ 30.90 x

+ 69.51

x 0.88 + ( 1 /
+ 92.06 - 15.80 x

= 14.49
= 75.29

+ 0.49
t-m

= 9.73 x
15.80 x

0.75
0.75

= 2.74
= -1.67

+ 0.038
t-m

Maximum moment

= 114.84

t-m

Effective depth required ( de )

Bending moment at ' I '

- ( 1 /
+ 30.90 x

2 )
0.50

x
-

15.45

0.48 x
#####
-

1.75

0.58

6.24

2.08

136.35

t-m

Bending moment at ' X ' = - 6.53 x

+ 15.80 x
+ 1.92 x

Bending moment at ' H ' = 9.46 x

30.90 x

x
x

x
x

15.45

0.38 + (
0.375

2 )
4.99

154.19

2
)
0.75

x
x

+ 92.06

x
-

136.35

0.48 x
1.375

1.71 x
#####

+ 19.35

1.75

1.17

0.75

0.50

16.30

0.21

4.44

( M/ ( Q x b ))

= ( 114.84
= 1019.63 mm

x 10 7
< 417

/
(
mm

1.105 x

200

1000 ) )

Design of main reinforcement

Area of steel required ( Ast )

Providing

16

= M / ( st x j x de )
= 114.84
x 10 7
= 15266.27 mm2

16

mm dia of bars

Area of one reinforcing bar ( ast )

= ( /
= 201.14

Spacing of reinforcement

= ( ast / Ast ) x 1000

= ( 201.14
/ 15266.27 )
= 13.18
mm

However provide

0.902 x

16

mm dia of bars at

Area of steel provided

Area of main steel at different sections

4 )
mm2

1000

250 mm c/c

= ast x 1000 / spacing

= 201.14
x 1000 / 250
= 804.57
mm2 > 15266.27

mm2

417

Sl. No. Section

1
2
3
4
9

B
C
H
I
X

Bending
moment
t-m
2.590
-114.842
75.289
-1.668
-31.432

Type of
Moment
Hogging
Sagging
Hogging
Sagging
Sagging

Area of steel
required
mm2
344.25
15266.27
10008.33
221.78
4178.33

Dia meter
of main bar
mm
32
32
32
32
32

Spacing Spacing
required provided
mm
mm
2337.20
300
52.70
300
80.39
300
3627.84
300
192.56
300

Area of steel
provided
mm2
2681.90
2681.90
2681.90
2681.90
2681.90

Design of distribution reinforcement

Provide a nominal reinforcement of 0.16 % of cross sectional area ( both faces ) in transverse direction and 0.08 % of
cross sectional area for top of the raft in longitudinal direction
Area of steel required in longitudinal direction ( top of raft )

However provide

16

= 0.08 % of cross sectional area of raft

= ( 0.08 / 100 ) x 500
x 1000
= 400
mm2

mm dia of bars

Area of one reinforcing bar ( ast )

= (
/
= 201.14

Spacing of reinforcement

= ( ast / Ast ) x 1000

= (
201.14
/ 400.00
= 502.86
mm

However provide

16

mm dia of bars at

16

16

= ast x 1000 / spacing

= 201.14
x 1000 / 250
= 804.57
mm2 > 400.00
mm dia bars at

mm2

250 mm c/c at top of the raft in longitudinal direction

Area of steel required in transverse direction ( both faces )

= 0.16 % of cross sectional area of raft

= ( 0.16 / 100 ) x 500
x 1000
= 800
mm2

Area of steel required on each face

= 800
= 400

However provide

12

/ 2
mm2

mm dia of bars

Area of one reinforcing bar ( ast )

= (
/
= 113.14

Spacing of reinforcement

= ( ast / Ast ) x 1000

= (
113.14
/ 400.00
= 282.86
mm

However provide

12

1000

250 mm c/c

Area of steel provided

Hence provide

4 )
mm2

mm dia of bars at

170 mm c/c

4 )
mm2

12

1000

Area of steel provided

Hence provide

12

= ast x 1000 / spacing

= 113.14
x 1000 / 170
= 665.55
mm2 > 400.00
mm dia bars at

mm2

170 mm c/c both top and bottom of the raft in transverse direction

Shear force calculations

Sign convention adopted
Shear force to the right side of section

Positive
Negitive

Shear force to the left side of section

Negitive
Positive

Shear force at ' B '

Shear force at ' C '

Shear force at ' H '

Shear force at ' I '

= 6.527 x

0.75

= 4.895
= -6.880

0.205 x

0.75

15.80 x

0.75

+ 0.077
t

11.852

= 6.527 x
30.90

1.75

0.478 x

1.75

15.80 x

0.75

= 11.422
= -30.912

+ 0.419
t

11.852

30.90

= 6.527 x
30.90 1.92 x

10.73 + ( 1
1.92 x 8.98
0.00

/
-

x
-

2.934 x
1.92 x

10.73 0.00 -

15.80 x
0.00 -

0.75

= 70.031
0.000
= 25.777

+ 15.740
- 0.000
t

11.852
0.000

30.90

= 6.527 x
30.90 1.92 x

11.73 + ( 1 /
1.92 x 8.98 0.00 - 30.90

x
-

3.207 x
1.92 x

11.73 0.00 -

= 76.557
0.000
= 4.475

+ 18.811
- 0.000
t

30.90
30.90

Maximum shear force

= 30.912

+ (

+ (

2 )
0.00

2 )
0.00

11.852
0.000

As per IRC: 21-2000, clause 304.7.1

Design shear stress ( )

= V / ( b x d )
= 30.912
/ (

0.417 )

17.242

17.242

0.00

15.80 x
0.00 -

0.75

0.00

= 74.13 t / m2
Area of main steel provided

= 804.57

mm2

100 ( Ast / b d )

= 100
x
= 0.193

804.57

1000

417 )

As per IRC: 21-2000, clause [Link].1, from table 12B

N / mm2
N / mm2

100 ( Ast / b d )
100 ( Ast / b d )

= 0.25
= 0.50

c
c

= 0.23
= 0.31

100 ( Ast / b d )

= 0.193

= 0.23 + (
0.08
= 0.212 N / mm2

0.25

As per IRC: 21-2000, from clause [Link].2 and table 12c

Perimissible shear stress in concrete

Hence safe against shear.

=
=
=
=

k x
1.00
0.212
21.17

c
x 0.2117
N / mm2
t / m2
>

74.13 t / m2

-0.057

STRESS TABLE:

SL. NO.

Description

Stresses on base ( t/m2 )

Stresses on soil ( t/m2 )

Maximum

Minimum

Maximum

Minimum

Pier

#REF!

#REF!

Abutment

#REF!

#REF!

Raft

10.69

7.28

Load from abutment

Total load from counter fort including foundation
=
Deduct load from foundation (W3)
=
Total load

Moment on top of foundation

69.52 t
8.1
61.42 t