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Mathematical Symbols and Notations Guide

This document provides a summary of common mathematical symbols used in various contexts. It includes symbols for vectors, matrices, differentiation, integration, limits, logarithms, probabilities, transforms, cylindrical and spherical functions, and more. Specific symbols are defined for summation, products, averages, derivatives, integrals, exponentials, logarithms, and various mathematical functions. Reference is made to the Handbook of Mathematical Functions for further definitions.

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Mark Mao
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6 views3 pages

Mathematical Symbols and Notations Guide

This document provides a summary of common mathematical symbols used in various contexts. It includes symbols for vectors, matrices, differentiation, integration, limits, logarithms, probabilities, transforms, cylindrical and spherical functions, and more. Specific symbols are defined for summation, products, averages, derivatives, integrals, exponentials, logarithms, and various mathematical functions. Reference is made to the Handbook of Mathematical Functions for further definitions.

Uploaded by

Mark Mao
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Appendix E: Mathematical Symbols

Bold face

Vectors V Matrices A

Superscripts

Powers as a n , sinn x sin x n Inverse functions as sin 1 x arc sin x Order of differentiation as x dx / dt ; x d 2 x / dt 2

Subscripts Parentheses

Position in a sequence, set, or matrix as

Vertical bars

a 11 a 21

a 12 a 22

Aggregation as a b Argument of a function f t

Absolute value, modulus, magnitude of vector a 11 a 12 a 11 Determinant and sometimes matrices a 21 a 22 a 21 Evaluated at f x a f a

a 12 a 22

Double bars

Matrix a i j

a 11 a 11

a 12 a 21

Brackets Superscript line , / * ... ! a b 2

Ordered set x, y, z or g 1 , g 2 , g 3 , Mean; complex conjugate Equal to Not equal to Approximately equal to Greater than Smaller than Greater than or equal to Smaller than or equal to Plus Minus Plus or minus, minus or plus Union Intersection Contains; implies Approaches Transforms to either way. Symbols are often indicated in lower case in the time or space domain and their transform in capital letters in the frequency or wavenumber domain. Division, as 1/2 Convolved with As superscript: complex conjugate, also indicated by superscript bar: z And so forth as a 0 , a 1 ,..., a n Factorial, as 4! 4 3 2 1 24 Integral from a to b Line integral around a closed loop Innity Difference; sizeable increment Del a vectori / x j / y K / z: Laplacian Very small increment
412

413

Appendix E

xy ( ) abs arc arg av cis


d det div erf erfc exp Im lim ln max

Partial derivative, f ( x , y )/ x Sum, as i3 1 a i a 1 a 2 a 3 ; sum of all appropriate elements Product, as i3 1 a i a 1 a 2 a 3 Correlation of x with y as function of time shift Standard deviation Angular velocity frequency Absolute Inverse, as arc sin xsin1 xangle whose sine is x Argument of V Average; also indicated by a superscript bar:

Cos i sin
Differential Determinant Divergence v2 dv Error function, as erf(x)2/ x 0e Complementary error function 1 erf Exponential function, as exp[x]ex Imaginary part of Limit; lim limit as a approaches a Natural logarithm loge log to the base e Maximum Probability of E Probability of both E and F Probability of E given F Real part of Root-mean-square Sign of as sgnx1 if x 0, 1 if x 0

P[ E ] P[ E F ] P[ E / F ]
Re rms sgn

Cylindrical functions of order and argument x General Z ( x ) Bessel function of rst kind J ( x ) Bessel function of second kind N ( x ) Modied Bessel function of second kind K ( x ) Hankel function of rst kind H (1) (x) Hankel function of second kind H (2) (x) Spherical function of order and argument x
z x


2x

1/2

Z 1/2 x

Gamma function ( x ) Struve function H ( x ) Modied Struve function L ( x ) Error function erf(x) Complementary error function erfc(x) Legendre functions P ( x ) Associated Legendre functions P m (x)

1 2 j x ; n x ; i gn x ; k gn x ; h x ;k x

Appendix E

414

Fourier transform pair f t

1 2

F e itd F

f t e i t dt

Laplace transform F s L f t

Hilbert transform pair Im f

f t e st dt

Re 1 d Re f

Im d

Hankel transform pair f m

F m J m d F m

f m J m d

For denitions of functions and related matters, refer to Abramowitz, M. and Stegun, I. A., 1972, Handbook of mathematical functions: Dover Publications, Inc.

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