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Medical Radiation Types and Calculations

1. This document discusses different types of medical radiation including MRI, x-rays, and optical imaging and provides their typical frequencies and wavelengths. 2. Four types of ionizing radiation are described: alpha particles, beta particles, gamma rays, and x-rays. Their approximate energies and ability to ionize air and tissue are listed. 3. Key characteristics of each type of radiation are explained: alpha particles have a short range and ionize over a short distance; beta particles can ionize over longer distances in air and tissue; gamma rays are high energy electromagnetic radiation emitted from radioactive nuclei; and x-rays are also electromagnetic radiation produced outside nuclear interactions.

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Faham
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6 views4 pages

Medical Radiation Types and Calculations

1. This document discusses different types of medical radiation including MRI, x-rays, and optical imaging and provides their typical frequencies and wavelengths. 2. Four types of ionizing radiation are described: alpha particles, beta particles, gamma rays, and x-rays. Their approximate energies and ability to ionize air and tissue are listed. 3. Key characteristics of each type of radiation are explained: alpha particles have a short range and ionize over a short distance; beta particles can ionize over longer distances in air and tissue; gamma rays are high energy electromagnetic radiation emitted from radioactive nuclei; and x-rays are also electromagnetic radiation produced outside nuclear interactions.

Uploaded by

Faham
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

RADIATION

SCIENCE

Tutorial 3
1. Write the frequency and wavelength of the radiation are used in medical
system below

Frequency ( Hz ) Wavelength ( m )
i) MRI 106 - 108 Hz 1 - 102 m
ii) x-ray 10 - 1024 Hz 10
10 - 10 m -12

iii) Optical Imaging 10 - 1024 Hz 4-7 - 7-7 m

2. Write 4 types of ionizing radiation and the ionization distance air and
tissue

Type of Approximately Ionization element Radiation


radiation energy ( MeV ) In air In tissue origin
Alpha 4–7 1 – 10 Up to 0.1 Heavy
particle MeV cm mm radionuclide
Beta Up to 6 Up to 10 Up to 3 Radionuclide
particle MeV cm cm
Gamma Up to 5 Up to 100 Up to 30 Radionuclide
ray MeV m cm
X-ray Up to 10 Up to 100 Up to 30 Electron cloud
MeV m cm

3. Explain, what the police radiation below

i ) Alpha → The alpha particle is a helium nucleus containing 2 proton,


2 electrons,
2neutron and 4 unit mass. The alpha particle emitted
from heavy nuclide
element with heavy velocity through matter. The average
alpha particle
passes 4 – 7 meV of kinetic energy and ionize 40.000
atom for energy
centimeter of tranverse through air. The energy of
ionizing is quickly lost.
So, the ionization of alpha particle in air is short range
( 5em ) and ress
than 100 km in tissue.

ii ) Beta → The beta particle is an electron was carries negative


charges. Beta particle
originate in the nuclide of radioactive atom and there
electron in the outer
shell of the nuclide of atom. The ionization of beta
particle is 10 – 100 cm
in air and about 1 – 3 cm in soft tissue.
iii ) Gamma → The gamma ray formed of electromagnetic radiation
and often called
“photon”. The gamma ray is emitted from the nucleus
of radioisotopes
and usually assoociated with alpha and beta particle.

iv ) X-ray → The x-ray formed of electromagnetic radiation and often


called “photon”.
The x-ray is produced from outside the nucleus of the
electron shells.

4. Find the units of exposure and calculate the exposure when the tissue
exposure to the x-ray rate 25 mR / sec at 5 minutes

25 mR / s x ( 5 min ) ( 60 s ) = 7500 mR

5. Find the absorbed dose when the intensity of x-ray is 23 μR on the 5 g


tissue

Absorption dose = Absorption energy = 23 x 10-6


Material 5

= 4.6 x 10-6 R / g

6. Calculate the dose rate of absorbed at 2.3 m sec

Dose rate = dose absorption = 2.3 x 10-4 Gy


time 23 m sec

= 1 x 10-5 Gy / m sec

7. The intensity of the x-ray operate at 70 kVp, 40 mAs is 400 mR at


distance 185 cm.

I 1I0 = d2 d1 2

I 1 d 12 = I 1 d 22

400 mR ( 100 )2 = I2 ( 185 ) 2


400 000 mR = I2 ( 34225 )

I 2( 34225 ) = ( 400 000 mR )

I2 = 116.87 mR

I = 10.81 mR

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