Solution to Sample Test 2 MA 3160 Chapter 3 and Chapter 4.1,, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4,4.
5 [1] Understand material Quiz 3, Chapter 3 Practice Problem [2] From Chapter 4: 1. Decide if W={(x,y,z) R3 | x+y+z=0} is a subspace of R3 Solution: We need to show that 1) W and 2) Closure of +. We need to show that 3) Closure of scalar multiplication: For any
for any
1) W
because (0,0,1) W. Since all elements of W are from
2) Since and Then
Now z2=0+0=0 Hence u+v 3) Since ,
Since it satisfies all three properties of a subspace, W is a subspace.
2. Decide if W={(x,y,z) R3 | x+y+z=1} is a subspace of R3 Solution: We will show that W is not a subspace by presenting a counter example which violates the closure of scalar multiplication. Note that (1,1,-1) W since 1+1+(-1)=1. But 2(1,1,-1) =(2,2,-2) 3. Decide if since is a subspace of M2,2, a space
of all 2 x2 matrices. You may assume that M2,2 is a vector space. Solution: We need to show that 1) W 2) Closure of +. We need to show that 3) Closure of scalar multiplication: For any
for any
For 1) note that W For 2) suppose that and
because , Then
for some real numbers
Now
since it is a 2 x 2 diagonal matrix ( (2,1) entry and (1,2) entry are 0) and For 3) note that
Now
since
Hence W is a subspace.
4. Let W be the set of all points subspace of .
. Decide if W is a
Solution: We will find a counter example which violates the closure of scalar multiplication and W is not a subspace of Note that (1,2) W since k(1,2)=(-2)(1,2)= (-2,-4) Hence W is not a subspace of R2 . But for k=(-2) R,
5. Decide if Soluton: :
is a linear combination of is a linear combination of only if
for some number a and b. (*)
We will try to solve and decide if (*) has a solution. Form augmented matrix from (*).
By elementary row operations
This system has a solution Hence : 6. Show that Solution: Recall that two sets A and B are equal only if a linear combination of
Since To show that of We need to find x and y such that be an arbitrary element
Which is equivalent to solving
Since the inverse of
Hence there is x and y such that
and
Hence
7. Decide if Solution: we will check if t there are numbers a and b such that
Putting it in Augmented matrix form, by replacing R3 with R3-R2. We notice that the last row shows that the system is inconsistent, (no solution: . Hence if
8. Decide if Solution: In 7, we showed that
In 7. We showed that Hence
9. Decide if
is a linearly independent set.
Solution: To show linear indepency, we will check if (a,b,c) = (0,0,0) is the only solution. a Form augmented matrix
Then the system beceoomes
This system has a unique solution a=0,b=0,c=0.
Hence
is a linearly independent set.
10.
Show that
a basis of a vector space is linearly independent
Solution: We need to show that and they span R2. In number 6, we showed that Since unique solution. Hence it is linearly independent. Since
spans R2 has a
is linearly independent and spans R2,
1 a basis of a vector space R2
11. Show that has
Solution: We need to show that only trivial solution (not a zero ) This equation becomes This gives us =
This system has only trivial solution a=0, b=0. Hence we conclude that
12.
Show that
is a basis for W , the set of all
2x2 diagonal matrices. Solution: We will show that independent and spans is linearly
Linearly independent: In number 11, we showed that 100 1 here) is linearly independent. (you will need to put the proof in 11,
To show that A W. Then .
spans W, suppose that a matrix
We will show that there are numbers x and y such that =x Since = the problem is to check if has a solution x andy.
Writing in a matrix form of equation, (*)
Since R, (*) has a solution
has an inverse. Hence for any a, b
Since
is linearly independent and spans
Find a coordinate of Solution: From 5 we have
relative to a basis S={ S={
of 10 is (-3/2, -1/2) .
Reamark. : To signify the basis the coordinate uses, we put subscript S next to the vector 13. Find the dimension of the spaces in the above problems 2,4,7. Skip. 14. Show that V= satisfies the following properties of a vector space. Let u,v are in V and c R. Then
a. u+v V b. c. u+v=v+u d. There is a special element called the zero vector in V (denote by 0) such that for any u V, u+0=u and 0+u=u.
Solution. Suppose that u and v are in V. Then
for some number they satisfies
and
a. Proof that u+v V:
Note Then
. by properties of
real number. Hence u+v=
b. Proof that cu Note that
V. Notice that Hence cu V
c. Proof that u+v=v+u
Note that u+v=
since + is commutative in R. = 15. (Extra credit , optional . Study only if you are comfortable with all other material in this course) Let the set of all polynomials of degree 2 or less. Show tha V satisfies the following properties of a vector space where addition is defined as
and the scalar multiplication is defined as for any k R and Show that for any u,v V and k R .
a. u+v V b. There is a special element called the zero vector in V (denote by 0) such that for any u V, u+0=u and 0+u=u. Proof: Note that two polynomials
if and only if a. Proof of a. Let u V and v V. We will have to show that
u+v is well defined
Note that
the last relation
because
holds
b. We claim that 0 is in V and it satisfies the property of t of the vector space. Notice that
Further, let u V. Then
. Since 0 is the zero vector in V.