ME-380 Course Notes
ANSYS LESSON 4
Symmetry and Shell Elements
David Herrin, Ph.D. University of Kentucky
ME-380 Course Notes
Solution Time
Plane Stress/Plane Strain/Symmetry
Roughly proportional to the number of degrees of freedom in a model squared
g
Doubling the nodes implies a four fold increase
DOF = ( N d ) - c
ME-380 Course Notes
Symmetry
Plane Stress/Plane Strain/Symmetry
g
Many large structures possess some form of symmetry Symmetry in geometry Symmetry in loading
g
Easy way to reduce a model to a more manageable size Solution time can be reduced an order of magnitude
ME-380 Course Notes
Types of Symmetry
Plane Stress/Plane Strain/Symmetry
g
Axisymmetry typical cross-section of coffee cup
ME-380 Course Notes
Types of Symmetry
Plane Stress/Plane Strain/Symmetry
g
Reflective Symmetry
Y Simply supported plate X
Model only this section
ME-380 Course Notes
Reflective Symmetry
Plane Stress/Plane Strain/Symmetry
g
Symmetric boundary conditions
F 4
ux = y = z = 0
uz = x = y = 0
ux = uy = uz = x = y = 0
ux = uy = uz = y = z = 0
ME-380 Course Notes
Symmetric Boundary Conditons
Creating Areas and Using 2-D Elements
Degrees of Freedom
Plane X=0 Y=0 Z=0 X 0 F F Y F 0 F Z F F 0 RX F 0 0 RY 0 F 0 RZ 0 0 F
F = Free 0 = Zero Displacement
ME-380 Course Notes
Anti-Symmetric Boundary Conditons
Creating Areas and Using 2-D Elements
Degrees of Freedom
Plane X=0 Y=0 Z=0 X F 0 0 Y 0 F 0 Z 0 0 F RX 0 F F RY F 0 F RZ F F 0
F = Free 0 = Zero Displacement
ME-380 Course Notes
Example - Reflective Symmetry
Plane Stress/Plane Strain/Symmetry
Fixed Ring
ME-406 Course Notes
ME-380 Course Notes
In-Class Exercise
Checking Results
1 in. 3 in. 1 in.
6 in.
ME-406 Course Notes
ME-380 Course Notes
Determining Strain Energy in ANSYS
Checking Results
g
Add a Plane82 element type Option - with thickness
Set the thickness to be 0.25 inches Set the material properties to steel E = 30E6 Nu = 0.3
ME-406 Course Notes
ME-380 Course Notes
Boundary Conditions
Checking Results Symm B.C.
200 lb/in Symm B.C.
200 lb/in
ME-406 Course Notes
ME-380 Course Notes
Create a Mapped Mesh
Checking Results
g
Establish the density controls along lines Solve the load set
Setup an element table for strain energy and calculate the total strain energy
ME-380 Course Notes
Shell Elements
Shell Elements
g
Several shell element formulations Classical shell theory Isoparametric Hybrid
Each formulation gives slightly different results
Generally, triangular elements yield very good results
ME-380 Course Notes
SHELL63 - Four Node Quadrilateral
Shell Elements
Element supports both in-plane and normal loads 6 DOF per node 3 translations 3 rotations
ME-380 Course Notes
SHELL63 - Four Node Quadrilateral
Shell Elements
Thickness can vary across the element
Pressures applied to the element surfaces have units of Force/Area Pressures applied to edges have units of Force/Unit Length
ME-380 Course Notes
SHELL93 - Eight Node Quadrilateral
Shell Elements
Better suited for modeling curved shells 6 DOF per node 3 translations 3 rotations
ME-380 Course Notes
Modeling Guidlines
Shell Elements
Flat shells
Thickness to span ratios
t t and 0.1 a b
ME-380 Course Notes
Modeling Guidlines
Shell Elements
g g
Curved shells Thickness to radius ratio
h 0.1 r
g
Stress in the Z, or thickness, direction is zero
ME-380 Course Notes
Modeling Guidlines
Shell Elements
g
Stress averaging at nodes (as used in contour plotting) can be invalid if the unit normal vectors differ by more than 5 degrees Parabolic shells are more cost effective
ME-380 Course Notes
Shell Element Example
Y Shell Elements Fixed on Rim
Uniform 100 psi Pressure Load
t = 0.25 in E = 10E6 psi
X Symmetric about XZ and YZ Planes
= .3
ME-380 Course Notes
Add Shell Element Type and Constants
Shell Elements
g
Add the shell element type 8 node elastic SHELL93
Set the real constants for the element type TK(I) = 0.25
Set material constants for aluminum
ME-380 Course Notes
Create Keypoints for Geometry
Shell Elements
g
Enter the following Keypoint locations NPT = 1: x=0, y=0, z=0 NPT = 2: x=6, y=0, z=0 NPT = 3: x=0, y=6, z=0 NPT = 4: x=2, y=1, z=0 NPT = 5: x=4, y=1, z=0 NPT = 6: x=1, y=2, z=0 NPT = 7: x=1, y=4, z=0
ME-380 Course Notes
Create Lines and Arcs
Shell Elements
g
Create Lines between KP 1 and 2 KP 1 and 3 KP 4 and 5
KP 6 and 7 g Create arcs between KP 2 and 3 KP 4 and 6 KP 5 and 7
ME-380 Course Notes
Create and Mesh the Areas
Shell Elements
g
Create areas Area #1 is the outer area Area #2 is the inner hole area Perform Boolean subtraction subtracting Area #2 from Area #1 to form Area #3
Set the mesh controls to an edge length of 0.2 Map area #3 using a free mesh
ME-380 Course Notes
Apply Boundary Conditions
Shell Elements
g
Apply Boundary Conditions Symmetry displacement constraints on lines #1 and #2 All degrees of freedom fixed on outer arc Pressure of 100 psi applied to area #3
Solve the load set
ME-380 Course Notes
Postprocessing
Shell Elements
View the deformed shape View contour plots of the nodal displacements in all 6 DOF directions View contour plot of the stresses Normal stress in x and y directions Shear stresses - XY, YZ, and XZ Von Mises