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Overview of Computer Systems

This document provides an overview of computer components and how computers work. It defines a computer as an electronic device that accepts data as input, processes and manipulates that data, and provides information as output while also storing data for future use. It then describes the key components of a computer as the hardware (physical components like the CPU, memory, input/output devices), software (programs and codes), and people. It provides details on different types of hardware components like processors, memory, input and output devices. It also explains the different types of software like operating systems, application software, and utility programs. Finally, it describes how the CPU works by fetching and executing instructions from memory in machine cycles.

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6 views19 pages

Overview of Computer Systems

This document provides an overview of computer components and how computers work. It defines a computer as an electronic device that accepts data as input, processes and manipulates that data, and provides information as output while also storing data for future use. It then describes the key components of a computer as the hardware (physical components like the CPU, memory, input/output devices), software (programs and codes), and people. It provides details on different types of hardware components like processors, memory, input and output devices. It also explains the different types of software like operating systems, application software, and utility programs. Finally, it describes how the CPU works by fetching and executing instructions from memory in machine cycles.

Uploaded by

r93_alhajri
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

I.

T
Chapter #1
By: R ahm a Alh a jr i

Monday, December 3, 12

Computer
Computer (computing device): -An electronic device which accept data as an input process/ manipulate & gives information on output & store it away for further use to communicate.

Monday, December 3, 12

Data & Information


Data Raw Facts
Numbers Text Images Sound Videos Symbols Characters

Information Processed data


Numbers Text Images Sound Videos Symbols Characters

Monday, December 3, 12

Computer Components
[Link]. -Uses & professionals / developers. [Link]. -Physical mechanical electronic components attached to computer to which we can see & touch. 1. Input/Output devices. [Link] devices. [Link] devices. [Link]. -Step by step instruction, programs & codes which tells computer hardware how to work. which we can see but not touch.
* People + Hardware + Software = Communication.
Monday, December 3, 12

Hardware
1. Input
Mic barcode reader Keyboard Mouse Joystick Webcam Scanners Sensors Touchpad ...etc

Output
Speakers Printer Projector Monitor ...etc

Monday, December 3, 12

Hardware
2. Processing device.
e.g. CPU (Central Processing Unit).

3.

Storage. A device that stores information. e.g. RAM, CD, Flash


[Link] Storage (memory)
a) Temporary memory. b) Volatile memory. (if power goes off all data will be vanished)

[Link] Storage (memory)


a) Permanent memory. b) Non-Vo. (non-Volatile)

Monday, December 3, 12

Communication devices
Through which it communicate with other Computer. E.g: .Modem .NC .Bluetooth

Monday, December 3, 12

Types of Computer
1. Micro Controller. 2. Micro Computer. 3. Hand-held Computer. 4. Mainframes. 5. Super Computer.

Monday, December 3, 12

Types of Soft ware


1. Application Software: specific task
Educational. (Microsoft Office , Photoshop) Entertainment. (Games) Home decoration. (Autocade) Research. Communications. (Browsers, Youtube, Facebook) Security/Privacy. (Anti-virus, Firewall) Business. (Microsoft Office)

Monday, December 3, 12

Types of Soft ware


2. System Software: - which enables Application software to work.
(without System software, Application software will Not Work) Types of System Software:
[Link] System. (Macintosh, Windows,Cos,Unicos,Linux,Unix) 2. Language translator. [Link] Programs.

Monday, December 3, 12

Types of Soft ware


[Link] System: A Master set of programs which perform certain operations/ functions.
All computing devices have its own operating system depending upon its nature & conguration. E.g.: Cray super computer use Cos and Unicos operating system . Apple computer devices use its own Macintosh operating system. Now a days, IBM, Toshiba, Acer, HP, DELL, use Linux, Unix, and Microsoft windows.

Monday, December 3, 12

Types of Soft ware


[Link] Programs: Are the programs provided by the Manufacture. i.e error checking programs ,maintenance applications. [Link] translator: The software which translate data into information. e.g. 1) Inter-pretor.
2) Compiler. / complier use binary system.

Monday, December 3, 12

CPU
CPU (Central Processing Unit) - a component (electronic) which process data into information.
it has 3 Units:

[Link] Unit: An electronic part which controls the flow


instruction during processing.

[Link]: it perform certain operation:


[Link] Operation. (+,-,,). [Link] Operation. (<,>,=,)

[Link]: a temporary memory on CPU chip which store


instruction during processing.

Monday, December 3, 12

Computer Literacy
Awareness. Knowledge. Interaction.

Monday, December 3, 12

Machine Cycle (How CPU works)


Instruction Time ( i-Time)
C.U 2. Decode 1. Fetch A.L.U 3. Execute
Register

Execution Time ( e-Time)


Output

4. Store

Input

Main Memory

Monday, December 3, 12

Machine Cycle (How CPU works)


Steps: 1. CPU will fetch data from Main Memory. [Link] will decode data into machine language. (Step 1 & 2 is known as Instruction-Time) [Link] will perform operation & CU will execute. [Link] will store result in register. (Step 3 & 4 is known as Execution-Time)

Monday, December 3, 12

Speed of Processor
* Speed of processor or Machine Cycle = (i-Time + E-Time)
E.g. Speed of Computer = 1GHz (hertz) = represent 1 Cycle Bit = Either 0 or 1. Byte = 8 bits. KB = 1024 bytes. MB = 1024 x 106 { 1024 kb} GB = 1024 x 109 { 1024 mb} TB = { 1024 Gb}

Monday, December 3, 12

Block Diagram of Computer


Secondary Memory

Input

CPU Main Memory (RAM) Communication

Output

Monday, December 3, 12

The End
Chapter #1
R ahm a Ahmed Alh a jr i

Monday, December 3, 12

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