the

by
lake all day

the
played sometimes

children

neirma19_ldsii_2012

Parse the following sentences into 2 meaningful parts and identify the subjects and predicates.
1) The headmaster or the senior assistant will chair the meeting. 2) To err is human. 3) Smoking cigarettes can ruin your health. 4) What you say may hurt his feeling. 5) Whoever tried succeeded.

1) The headmaster or the senior assistant / will chair the meeting. 2) To err / is human. 3) Smoking cigarettes / can ruin your health. 4) What you say / may hurt his feeling. 5) Whoever tried / succeeded.
What are the characteristics of a predicate?

What are the characteristics of a subject?

SUBJECT usually stands first answers the question: who, what is the topic of the sentence could be a: single NP 2/more NP linked to form a compound subject non-finite clause noun clause

PREDICATE
usually comes after the subject answers the question: what does the sentence tell us about the subject?

neirma19_ldsii_2012

Now, lets do some practice

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Practice 1: Parse the following sentences into Subject and Predicate.

(1) The bell has rung. (2) His brother became a soldier. (3) Mohan opened the window. (4) Show me your books. (5) The old man told us the whole story. (6) Mr. Raman sold his car to my sister. (7) These books belongs to me. (8) My mother enjoys sewing and gardening. (9) Nothing will make him repent. (10) The man in the red shirt is my neighbour. (11) On to the field ran the horses. (12) All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. (13) A friend in need is a friend indeed. (14) Walking along this stretch of road is unsafe. (15) No one but you can solve this problem. (16) The headmaster including two senior teachers are going for the meeting. (17) The double-storey bungalow near my house has been advertised for sale. (18) Situated along this river is a row of low-cost houses.
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Now, lets examine the first sentence pattern

neirma19_ldsii_2012

Practice 2: Study the sentences below. Parse them into subjects and predicates. Underline the verbs or verb phrases found in the predicates. Find out what is common among the verbs or verb phrases. Circle the remaining words (if any) after the verbs or verb phrases. State their functions. Write the type of sentence pattern in the space provided.

(1) My head aches.

(2) Hassan was sleeping.

(3) The train has left. (4) Marry and her brother are reading.

(5) My sister didnt go.

(6) It will rain. (7) All the girls cried. Sentence Pattern: _______________
neirma19_ldsii_2012 9

Vi

Subject

Predicate

Sya
noun

and
conj.

Nana
noun

might
modal aux.

have
aux. verb

Left.
verb

NP S Subject

VP Vi Predicate

All
det.

the
det. NP

kids
noun

run.
verb VP

Predicate : Verbs (intransitive - can stand on their own)

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Now, lets examine the second sentence pattern

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11

Practice 3: Study the sentences below. Parse them into subjects and predicates. Underline the verbs or verb phrases found in the predicates. Find out what is common among the verbs or verb phrases. Circle the remaining words (if any) after the verbs or verb phrases. State their functions. Write the type of sentence pattern in the space provided.

(1) She opened the door.

(2) They have lost the keys. (3) Alice likes black coffee.

(4) My father reads five newspaper.

(5) We could not recognize the robbers. (6) The lecturer has scolded all the boys. (7) All the girls love cooking. (8) We know the answer. Sentence Pattern: _______________
neirma19_ldsii_2012 12

S Subject

Vt
Predicate

dO

Ms. Amrien
noun NP

had

scolded

the
det.

students.
noun NP
dO

aux. verb verb Vgp S Subject Vt

Predicate

Amir
noun NP

likes
Verb Vgp

chocolate
noun
NP

cake.
noun

Predicate : Verbs (transitive) + Object (direct)

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Now, lets examine the third sentence pattern

neirma19_ldsii_2012

14

Practice 4: Study the sentences below. Parse them into subjects and predicates. Underline the verbs or verb phrases found in the predicates. Find out what is common among the verbs or verb phrases. Circle the remaining words (if any) after the verbs or verb phrases. State their functions. Write the type of sentence pattern in the space provided.

(1) She bought her mother a new dress.

(2) The lecturer told the children a story.

(3) We have given him all the money. (4) I promised my brother a present.

(5) Mr. Henry taught Form V pupils chemistry.

(6) The company awarded the security guard a gold watch. (7) My friend will lend us his new car. Sentence Pattern: _______________
neirma19_ldsii_2012 15

S Subject

Vt

iO

dO

Predicate

The
det.

new
adj. NP

lecturer
noun

taught
verb Vgp Vt

us
pronoun NP
iO

grammar.
noun NP
dO

S Subject

Predicate

Hana
noun NP

gave
verb Vgp

Farhan
noun NP

an
det.

apple.
noun NP

Predicate : Verbs (transitive) + Object (indirect) + Object (direct)

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Now, lets examine the fourth sentence pattern

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17

Practice 5: Study the sentences below. Parse them into subjects and predicates. Underline the verbs or verb phrases found in the predicates. Find out what is common among the verbs or verb phrases. Circle the remaining words (if any) after the verbs or verb phrases. State their functions. Write the type of sentence pattern in the space provided.

(1) The match was exciting.

(2) She appeared confident.

(3) The man seems very worried. (4) This house is my grandfathers.

(5) Mr. Frank has been our class teacher.

(6) He became the Prime Minister of Malaysia. (7) The weather is getting hotter. Sentence Pattern: _______________
neirma19_ldsii_2012 18

S Subject

VL

sC

Predicate

Ms. Sandra
noun NP

is
verb Vgp

our
pronoun NP S Subject noun NP

tutor.
noun

VL
Predicate

sC

Jannah appeared
verb Vgp

confident.
adj. Adj.P

Predicate : Verbs (linking) + Complement (subject)

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Now, lets examine the fifth sentence pattern

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20

Practice 6: Study the sentences below. Parse them into subjects and predicates. Underline the verbs or verb phrases found in the predicates. Find out what is common among the verbs or verb phrases. Circle the remaining words (if any) after the verbs or verb phrases. State their functions. Write the type of sentence pattern in the space provided.

(1) My office is in the next building.

(2) The first meeting will be on Sunday.

(3) None of us have been to Australia. (4) They laughed happily.

(5) Daniel cried last night.

(6) They lived near the river. (7) Sandra dances gracefully. Sentence Pattern: _______________
neirma19_ldsii_2012 21

S Subject

Vi

A Predicate

My
det. NP

house
noun

is
verb Vgp. S Subject

opposite
prep.

the
det. PP Vi
Predicate

shop.
noun

The
det.
NP

baby
noun

cried
verb Vgp

loudly.
adv. Adv.P

Predicate : Verbs (intransitive) + Adverbial

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Now, lets examine the sixth sentence pattern

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23

Practice 7: Study the sentences below. Parse them into subjects and predicates. Underline the verbs or verb phrases found in the predicates. Find out what is common among the verbs or verb phrases. Circle the remaining words (if any) after the verbs or verb phrases. State their functions. Write the type of sentence pattern in the space provided.

(1) They made him the chairman.

(2) The jury found him guilty.

(3) She likes coffee black. (4) The students elected him the President.

(5) The mayor declared the meeting open.

(6) He kept us waiting.

Sentence Pattern: _______________

neirma19_ldsii_2012 24

S Subject

Vt

dO

oC

Predicate

They
pronoun NP

elected
verb Vgp. S Subject

Ewan
noun NP Vt

the
det. NP

leader.
noun

dO

oC

Predicate

Afiq

is

driving

me
verb NP

crazy.
adj. Adj.P

pronoun aux. verb verb NP Vgp.

Predicate : Verbs (transitive) + Object (direct) + Complement (object)

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Now, lets examine the seventh sentence pattern

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26

Practice 8: Study the sentences below. Parse them into subjects and predicates. Underline the verbs or verb phrases found in the predicates. Find out what is common among the verbs or verb phrases. Circle the remaining words (if any) after the verbs or verb phrases. State their functions. Write the type of sentence pattern in the space provided.

(1) They treated me kindly.

(2) The clerk referred me to the manager.

(3) He has a blue shirt on. (4) I put the plate on the table.

(5) The thief must have placed the ladder there.

(6) You can leave the cooking for a while.

Sentence Pattern: _______________

neirma19_ldsii_2012 27

S Subject

Vt

Od Predicate

Anne
noun NP

has
verb Vgp. S Subject

a
det.

blue
adj. NP Vt

shirt
noun

on.
pp. Adv.P A

Od Predicate

Zain
noun NP

treated
verb Vgp.

Syafiq
noun NP

kindly.
adv. Adv.P

Predicate : Verbs (transitive) + Object (direct) + Adverbial

neirma19_ldsii_2012 28

Summary

Summary
No. 1

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2
3 4

5
6 7

Sentence Pattern Function Form S Vi NP Vgp. S Vt d O NP Vgp. NP S VL sC NP Vgp. NP NP Vgp. Adj.P S Vi A NP Vgp. Adv.P NP Vgp. PP S Vt iO dO NP Vgp. NP NP S Vt dO oC NP Vgp. NP NP NP Vgp. NP Adj.P S Vt dO A NP Vgp. NP PP NP Vgp. NP Adv.P

Example Intan/issleeping.

Mat/kicked/the ball.
Zafiks brother/is/a doctor. Nisha/is/hardworking. Damia/could swim/well.

Hanias birthday/is/in May. Syakir/lend/Saidatul/his book.

Nazri/named/his cat/Meimei. The news/made/Vivien/angry. Aki/put/the file/on the table.

Joey/drew/the picture/nicely.
30

Exercises

Practice 9 Parse the sentences below into the respective sentence elements by placing a slash (/) at the right place. Identify the functions of the elements. An example is given. Use the following codes to label the elements. CODES S VL Vt Vi dO iO sC oC A

= Subject = Linking Verb = Transitive Verb = Intransitive Verb = Direct Object = Indirect Object = Subject Complement = Object Complement = Adverbial

Example: My mother / is baking / a cake S Vt dO

neirma19_ldsii_2012 32

Practice 9 (1) They named the baby Andrew. (2) The stadium can accommodate 10,000 people. (3) He had sent a dozen roses to the young lady. (4) My mother remained silent.

(5) The audience gave the performer a standing ovation.

(6) The fire was everywhere.

(7) The young girl can sing this song very well.
(8) The football match yesterday was really exciting.

(9) Father bought me a motorcycle.

(10) All thought him a very intelligent person. (11) She looked very sick. (12) You should have told him the truth. (13) Everyone in the village considered her trustworthy.

(14) She could have put the money in the drawer.

(15) The children laughed.
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Practice 10 Parse the sentences below into the respective sentence elements by placing a slash (/) at the right place. Identify the functions of the elements. (1) It was raining heavily in the evening.

(2) That sounds a good idea to me.

(3) All thought him a man of great honour. (4) My boss has been very busy lately because of the festival. (5) The queue unexpectedly stretched around the block. (6) The crammed everything into the box.

(7) He has sent her a dozen roses on Valentines Day.

(8) Yesterday, the teacher punished him for being naughty. (9) The overnight milk in the bottle has gone sour. (10) The purchase of this property fortunately proved a worthwhile investment. (11) The company will place the advertisement on its website soon.

(12) The maid kept the baby very quiet in the cot.
neirma19_ldsii_2012 34

neirma19_ldsii_2012 Practice 11 Construct sentences using the word or words given according to the sentence patterns specified. An example is given.

Examples: (the ball) (the leader)

He kicked the ball. They made him the leader.

(S Vt dO) (S Vt dO oC)

(1) (2) (3)

(4) (5)

(the baby) (the pupils) (my father)

(a cake) (the book)

_____________________________________ (S Vi) _____________________________________ (S Vi A) _____________________________________ (S VL sC)

_____________________________________ ( S Vt iO dO) ____________________________________ (S Vt dO A) 35